Discosia

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Discosia
Discosia ravennica (10.3897-mycokeys.79.60662) Figure 2.jpg
Herbarium specimens of Discosia ravennica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Order:
Amphisphaeriales
Family:
Sporocadaceae
Genus:
Discosia

Lib. (1837) [1]
Type species
Discosia artocreas
(Tode) Fr. (1849)

Discosia is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae . [2]

Contents

It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837. [3]

The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), [4] who designated Discosia strobilinaLib. ex Sacc. as lectotype for the genus (Nag Raj 1993; Tanaka et al. 2011). [5] Later, when Sphaeria artocreasTode was transferred to the genus and combined under Discosia artocreas(Tode) Fr., the latter was chosen as lectotype of the genus (Fries 1849; Vanev 1991). [6]

Vanev (1991, 1992a, b, c, d) made a detailed taxonomic revision of the genus. On the basis of the location of the conidial septa and appendages, he delimited six sections (Vanev 1991), and to clarify the status of the genus he designated its lectotype as Discosia artocreas(Tode: Fr.) Fr. (Vanev 1992a). [7]

In 2015, Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. et al. (2015) moved the genus to its own family DiscosiaceaeMaharachch. & K.D. Hyde 2015. [8] But in 2016, it was moved back into the family Sporocadaceae . [3] [9]

Species of Discosia are mostly saprobes (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter) or parasites of vascular plants, [10] and have been recorded worldwide from terrestrial habitats on a various range of host plants (Farr & Rossman 2019). [11] Based on phylogenetic evidence, Liu et al. (2019a) synonymised Adiscio under Discosia, [12] Adiscio which was originally introduced by Tanaka et al. (2011), [5] to accommodate the sexual morph species of this genus. An epitype for the type species of Discosia was designated by Liu et al. (2019a) as the type specimen was destroyed. [12] [13]

Hosts

Discosia rhododendricola sp.nov, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola sp.nov and Diaporthe nobilis were new asexual fungal species found in 2022 on Rhododendron spp. in Kunming, Yunnan Province in China. [14] Discosia strobilina has been found on various rhododendron species (including Rhododendron arboreum and Rhododendron campulatum ) as leaf spots on dead and living leaves in Mexico, Europe, India and Japan. Discosia vagans was found on fallen leaves and dead stems on various rhododendron species in Italy and India. [15] In Poland species of Discosia were found on 12 host plants including Anemone nemorosa L., Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, Moehringia trinervia (L.) Clairv., Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort., Oxalis acetosella L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau. [10] Discosia artocreas has been found in America on Cercis canadensis , Magnolia glauca and Aralia spinosa . [16] In Alabama, USA species Discosia artocreas was found on Prunus serotina and Acer rubrum . [17] Discosia italica and Discosia fagi were found on the dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in Italy. [18]

Discosia rubi has been trialled as treatment for human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans . [19]

Distribution

It has a wide scattered cosmopolitan distribution, [20] it is found in USA, [16] [17] Mexico, [15] Europe, (including Italy, [3] [18] [21] and Poland, [10] ) India, [15] Japan, [5] [15] Thailand, [3] China, [14] and New Zealand. [3]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum; [22]

Former species;

Related Research Articles

The fungal genus Truncatella in the family Sporocadaceae, and in the Amphisphaeriales order, includes plant pathogens such as Truncatella laurocerasi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleosporales</span> Order of fungi

The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botryosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include notable plant pathogens.

The Roussoellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020;

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaeosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants.

Broomella is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae.

Salsuginea is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class was unknown in 2007. Until Kevin D. Hyde & Tibpromma, 2013 introduced family Salsugineaceae within the order of Pleosporales.

<i>Pestalotiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Pestalotiopsis is a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Sporocadaceae family.

<i>Seiridium</i> Genus of fungi

Seiridium is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

<i>Monochaetia</i> Genus of fungi

Monochaetia is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Species in the genus are typically plant parasites and saprobes, and cause leaf spot diseases on various hosts.

Seimatosporium is a fungus genus within the family Sporocadaceae.

<i>Volutella</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Volutella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Nectriaceae.

<i>Epicoccum</i> Genus of fungi

Epicoccum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae.

Microsphaeropsis is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymosphaeriaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amphisphaeriales</span> Order of fungi

The Amphisphaeriales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Xylariomycetidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sporocadaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Sporocadaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales. It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020.

<i>Sporocadus</i> Genus of fungi

Sporocadus is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

Allelochaeta is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

Heterotruncatella is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.

Sarcostroma is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Most species of this genus are saprobes, endophytes or pathogens on leaves.

References

  1. ↑ Libert M.A. (1837) Plantae Cryptogamae, quas in Arduenna collegit. Fasc. 4: 301–400.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Discosia Lib. 1837 - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  4. ↑ Subramanian, C. V.; Chandra-Reddy, K. R. (1974). "The genus Discosia. I. Taxonomy". Kavaka. 2: 57–89.
  5. 1 2 3 Tanaka, K.; Endo, M.; Hirayama, K.; Okane, I.; Hosoya, T.; Sato, T. (June 2011). "Phylogeny of Discosia and Seimatosporium, and introduction of Adisciso and Immersidiscosia genera nova". Persoonia. 26 (85–98): 85–98. doi:10.3767/003158511X576666. PMC   3160804 . PMID   22025806.
  6. ↑ Vanev S.G. (1991) Species conception and sections delimitation of genus Discosia. Mycotaxon 41: 387–396.
  7. ↑ Vanev, S. G. (1992). "On the typification and nomenclature of some Discosia species". Int. J. Mycol. Lichenol. 5 (3): 293–300.
  8. ↑ Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Dai, Dong Qin; Daranagama, Dinushani A.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Konta, Sirinapa; Li, Wen Jing; Shang, Qiu Ju; Stadler, Marc; Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Xiao, Yuan Pin; Norphanphoun, Chada; Li, Qirui; Liu, Xing Zhong; Bahkali, Ali H.; Kang, Ji Chuan; Wang, Yong; Wen, Ting Chi; Wendt, Lucile; Xu, Jian Chu; Camporesi, Erio (2015). "Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 73–144. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0340-y. S2CID   256070746.
  9. ↑ Jaklitsch, W.M.; Gardiennet, A.; Voglmayr, H. (2016). "Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. 37: 82–105. doi:10.3767/003158516X690475. PMID   28100927. S2CID   22028314.
  10. 1 2 3 Wołczańska, Agata; Kozłowska, Monika; Piątek, Marcin; Mulenko, Wieslaw (January 2004). "Survey of the genus Discosia (anamorphic fungi) in Poland". Polish Botanical Journal Authors. 49 (1): 55–62.
  11. ↑ Farr, D. F.; Rossman, A. Y. (2019). "Fungal Databases". Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  12. 1 2 Liu, F.; Bonthond, G.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W. (March 2019). "Sporocadaceae, a family of coelomycetous fungi with appendage-bearing conidia". Studies in Mycology. 92: 287–415. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2018.11.001. PMC   6298422 . PMID   30584265.
  13. ↑ Chethana, Thilini (14 November 2022). "Discosia - Facesoffungi number: FoF 01777". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  14. 1 2 Chaiwan, Napalai; Jeewon, Rajesh; Pem, Dhandevi; Jayawardena, Ruvishika Shehali; Nazurally, Nadeem; Mapook, Ausana; Promputtha, Itthayakorn; Hyde, Kevin D. (August 2022). "Fungal Species from Rhododendron sp.: Discosia rhododendricola sp.nov, Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola sp.nov and Diaporthe nobilis as a New Host Record". J Fungi (Basel). 26 (8): 907. doi: 10.3390/jof8090907 . PMC   9504118 . PMID   36135632.
  15. 1 2 3 4 David F. Farr, H. Bartolome Esteban and Mary E. Palm Fungi on Rhododendron: A World Reference (1996) , p. 112, at Google Books
  16. 1 2 M.C. Cooke (Editor) Grevillea: a monthly record of cryptogamic botany and its literature, Volume 3 (1874) , p. 7, at Google Books
  17. 1 2 Charles Theodore Mohr Plant Life of Alabama: An Account of the Distribution, Modes of Association ... (1901) , p. 260, at Google Books
  18. 1 2 3 4 Li, Wenjing; Liu, Jian-kui; Bhat, D. Jayarama; Camporesi, Erio; Dai, Dong-Qing; Mortimer, Peter E.; Xu, Jian-chu; Hyde, Kevin D.; Chomnunti, Putarak (19 March 2015). "Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals two new species of Discosia from Italy". Phytotaxa. 203 (1): 37. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.203.1.3.
  19. 1 2 Perlatti, Bruno; Nichols, Connie B.; Lan, Nan; Wiemann, Philipp; Harvey, Colin J. B.; Alspaugh, J. Andrew; Bills, Gerald F. (28 July 2020). "Identification of the Antifungal Metabolite Chaetoglobosin P From Discosia rubi Using a Cryptococcus neoformans Inhibition Assay: Insights Into Mode of Action and Biosynthesis". Front. Microbiol. 11 (Sec. Fungi and Their Interactions): 1766. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01766 . PMC   7399079 . PMID   32849391.
  20. ↑ "Discosia Lib., 1837". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
  21. 1 2 Bundhun, Digvijayini; Jeewon, Rajesh; Senanayake, Indunil C.; Camporesi, Erio; Aluthmuhandiram, Janith V. S.; Tang, Alvin M. C.; Kang, Ji-Chuan; Bhoyroo, Vishwakalyan; Hyde, Kevin D. (April 2021). "Morpho-molecular characterization of Discosia ravennica sp. nov. and a new host record for Sporocadus rosigena". MycoKeys. 79: 173–192. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.79.60662 . PMC   8096799 . PMID   33958954.
  22. ↑ "Allelochaeta - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
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