Druzhnaya IV Station Дружная-4 | |
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Coordinates: 69°44′00″S73°42′00″E / 69.7333°S 73.7000°E [1] | |
Region | Amery Ice Shelf |
Location | Landing Bluff |
Established | 1 January 1987 |
Closed | 19 February 2015 |
Government | |
• Type | Administration |
• Body | Russian Antarctic Expedition |
Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
Population (2017) [2] | |
• Summer | 50 |
• Winter | 0 |
UN/LOCODE | AQ DRZ |
Active times | Every summer |
Druzhnaya Station is any one of four different Antarctic research stations operated by the Soviet Union and later Russia from 1976 to 2013.
Druzhnaya I, II and III Stations | |
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Government | |
• Type | Administration |
• Body | Soviet Antarctic Expedition |
Active times | Every summer |
Druzhnaya I Station Дружная-1 Druzhnaya Station (until 1982) | |
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Coordinates: 77°32′00″S40°13′00″W / 77.5333°S 40.2167°W [3] | |
Region | Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf |
Established | December 1975 |
Destroyed | February 1987 |
Population | |
• Summer | 150 |
• Winter | 0 |
Druzhnaya I was established in 1975 as seasonal field camps on the Filchner Ice Shelf to carry out topographic and geodetic mapping of the local area. [4]
In 1986, satellite images revealed ice breakup near Druzhnaya I. It drifted to sea in 1986 when the ice it was on broke from the main ice shelf as iceberg A23a. [5] It was later discovered at sea by the ship Kapitan Kondratyev. Its equipment and prefabricated structures were airlifted to the recently constructed Druzhnaya III. [6]
Druzhnaya II Station Дружная-2 | |
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Coordinates: 75°36′00″S57°52′00″W / 75.6000°S 57.8667°W | |
Region | Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf |
Established | 13 January 1982 |
Closed | 25 February 1986 |
Druzhnaya II was a temporary field camp that operated from January 13 to February 21, 1982, on the Ronne Ice Shelf. It supported in the carrying out of radar sounding of the ice shelf. [4]
Druzhnaya III Station Дружная-3 | |
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Coordinates: 71°06′00″S10°49′00″W / 71.1000°S 10.8167°W [7] | |
Region | Queen Maud Land |
Location | Near Cape Norvegia |
Established | 19 January 1987 |
Closed | 1991 |
Druzhnaya III was established in 1987 near Cape Norvegia. The station was constructed in two weeks. [8] Kapitan Kondratyev offloaded materials for the station immediately before proceeding to its Druzhnaya I salvage mission. [6] It was closed in 1991.
Druzhnaya IV was established in 1987 near Sandefjord Bay (Coronation Island). Its main purposes were the logistic support to Soyuz Station and assistance with the creation of the Progress Station. It operated every summer season from 1991. [9] It was last used in the summer of 2015. [10]
Berkner Island is an Antarctic ice rise, where bedrock below sea level has caused the surrounding ice sheet to create a dome. If the ice cap were removed, the island would be underwater. Berkner Island is completely ice-covered and is about 320 kilometres (200 mi) long and 150 kilometres (93 mi) wide, with an area of 44,000 km2 (17,000 sq mi). It is surrounded by the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. The northernmost point of the Berkner is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the open sea. It lies in the overlapping portion of the Argentine and the British Antarctic territorial claims.
Little America was a series of Antarctic exploration bases from 1929 to 1958, located on the Ross Ice Shelf, south of the Bay of Whales.
SANAE is the South African National Antarctic Expedition. The name refers both to the overwintering bases, and the team spending the winter. The current base, SANAE IV, is located at Vesleskarvet in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Summer teams comprise administrative and maintenance personnel, helicopter crew and scientists from various countries and can be up to 100 people. Overwintering teams consist of scientists and support personnel from South Africa, typically totalling 10 members in recent years.
Sovetskaya was a Soviet research station in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land in Antarctica that was established on 16 February 1958 and closed on 3 January 1959.
Masson Island or Mission Island is an ice-covered island about 31 kilometres (17 nmi) long and rising to 465 metres (1,526 ft), lying 17 kilometres (9 nmi) northwest of Henderson Island within the Shackleton Ice Shelf. Masson Island is located in the western part of Mawson Sea at 66°08′S96°35′E and has an elevation of 465 metres (1,526 ft). Masson Island was discovered in February 1912 by the Australian Antarctic Expedition under Sir Douglas Mawson, who named it for Professor Sir David Orme Masson of Melbourne, a member of the Australian Antarctic Expedition Advisory Committee.
Mac. Robertson Land is the portion of Antarctica lying southward of the coast between William Scoresby Bay and Cape Darnley. It is located at 70°00′S65°00′E. In the east, Mac. Robertson Land includes the Prince Charles Mountains. It was named by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) (1929–1931), under Sir Douglas Mawson, after Sir Macpherson Robertson of Melbourne, a patron of the expedition.
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition was part of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
Novolazarevskaya Station is a Russian, formerly Soviet, Antarctic research station. The station is located at Schirmacher Oasis, Queen Maud Land, 75 km (47 mi) from the Antarctic coast, from which it is separated by Lazarev Ice Shelf. It was opened on January 18, 1961 by the 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition. The maximum summer population is 70.
Wright Island is an ice-covered island 65 km (35 nmi) long, lying at the north edge of Getz Ice Shelf about midway between Carney Island and Martin Peninsula, on the Bakutis Coast, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in January 1947. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Admiral Jerauld Wright, U.S. Navy, Commander in Chief, Atlantic Fleet, in over-all command of the U.S. Navy's Deep Freeze operations during the IGY, 1957–58.
Shirreff Base is a seasonal field station in the Southern Ocean operated by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and opened in 1996. It is situated on the east side of Cape Shirreff on Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands off the Antarctic peninsula.
Queen Maud Land is a roughly 2.7-million-square-kilometre (1.0-million-square-mile) region of Antarctica claimed by Norway as a dependent territory. It borders the claimed British Antarctic Territory 20° west and the Australian Antarctic Territory 45° east. In addition, a small unclaimed area from 1939 was annexed in June 2015. Positioned in East Antarctica, it makes out about one-fifth of the continent, and is named after the Norwegian Queen Maud (1869–1938).
Rippon Glacier is a small glacier located in Kemp Land, East Antarctica. It is close east of Seaton Glacier, flowing southward into Edward VIII Ice Shelf.
Posadowsky Glacier is a glacier about 9 nautical miles long, flowing north to Posadowsky Bay immediately east of Gaussberg. Posadowsky Bay is an open embayment, located just east of the West Ice Shelf and fronting on the Davis Sea in Kaiser Wilhelm II Land. Kaiser Wilhelm II Land is the part of East Antarctica lying between Cape Penck, at 87°43'E, and Cape Filchner, at 91°54'E, and is claimed by Australia as part of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Other notable geographic features in this area include Drygalski Island, located 45 mi NNE of Cape Filchner in the Davis Sea, and Mirny Station, a Russian scientific research station.
Ellsworth Scientific Station was a permanent, all year-round originally American, then Argentine Antarctic scientific research station named after American polar explorer Lincoln Ellsworth. It was located on Gould Bay, on the Filchner Ice Shelf.
Mundraga Bay is the 28.6 km wide bay indenting for 23 km Nordenskjöld Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica. It is entered east of Fothergill Point and west of Cape Sobral. Local coastline is modified as a result of the Larsen A Ice Shelf disintegration and the subsequent retreat of the inflowing Darvari Glacier, Boryana Glacier, Desudava Glacier, Dinsmoor Glacier, Bombardier Glacier and Edgeworth Glacier in the 1990s and the early 21st century.
Queen Elizabeth Land is a portion of mainland Antarctica named by the government of the United Kingdom and claimed as part of the British Antarctic Territory. Situated south of Weddell Sea and between longitudes 20°W and 80°W, stretching from Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf to the South Pole. It is bordered by Zumberge Coast of Ellsworth Land to the West and by Hercules Inlet to the Northwest. To the Northeast, circle of latitude 82°S is the dividing line against Coats Land. The area of Queen Elizabeth Land was unnamed until 2012, though most of it was unofficially known as Edith Ronne Land in 1947–68 and includes areas claimed by the United Kingdom, Chile and Argentina.
Lardeya Ice Piedmont is the glacier extending 8.6 nautical miles in north-south direction and 4 nautical miles in east-west direction on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is draining the northeast slopes of Flowers Hills to flow into Rutford Ice Stream to the east-northeast and Ellen Glacier to the north.
Sitry Airstrip, the name is derived from the abbreviation of C-3, was an Antarctic skiway operated by the Italian ENEA-Unità Tecnica Antartitide as part of the National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA).
Mihaylovski Cove is the 5 km wide cove indenting for 1.3 km the northwest coast of South Bay in Livingston Island, Antarctica that is entered west of Ereby Point and east of Lukovo Point, and has its head fed by Kamchiya Glacier. The area was known to early 19th century sealers who operated from nearby Johnsons Dock. The feature is named after the brothers Petar Mihaylovski, physician at St. Kliment Ohridski base during the 2007/08 and subsequent seasons, and Hristo Mihaylovski, engineer in the national Antarctic campaign during 2015/16 and subsequent seasons.