Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

Last updated
Arctowski Station
Polska Stacja Antarktyczna
im. Henryka Arctowskiego
Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station
Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station.JPG
General view of Henryk Arctowski station
Antarctica relief location map.jpg
Red pog.svg
Arctowski Station
Location of Arctowski Station in Antarctica
Coordinates: 62°09′37″S58°28′24″W / 62.160140°S 58.473247°W / -62.160140; -58.473247
CountryFlag of Poland.svg  Poland
Location in Antarctica King George Island
Administered by Polish Academy of Sciences
Established26 February 1977 (1977-02-26)
Elevation
[1]
2 m (7 ft)
Population
 (2017) [1]
  Summer
40
  Winter
16
UN/LOCODE AQ ARC
TypeAll-year round
PeriodAnnual
StatusOperational
Activities
List
  • Biology
  • Oceanography
  • Geomorphology
  • Glaciology
  • Magnetism
Website Arctowski
Arctowski Lighthouse OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Arctowski lighthouse.JPG
Constructed1978  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Foundationconcrete base
Constructionconcrete tower
Height11 metres (36 ft) [2]
Shapecylindrical tower with balcony and lantern
Markingsred (lower) and white (upper) tower
Power sourcesolar power  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
OperatorPolish Academy of Sciences [2]
Focal height18 metres (59 ft) [3]
Range8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) [3]
Characteristic L Fl W 9s. [3]

Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station (Polish: Polska Stacja Antarktyczna im. Henryka Arctowskiego) is a Polish research station on King George Island, off the coast of Antarctica.

Contents

History

The station is named for Henryk Arctowski (1871–1958), who as meteorologist had accompanied the Belgian explorer Baron Adrien de Gerlache on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition "Belgica", 1897–1899. This was the first expedition to overwinter in Antarctica. He proposed the original notion of a wind chill factor, arguing that wind could be as damaging to human flesh as cold in harsh climates.

Established on 26 February 1977, the station is managed by the Polish Academy of Sciences; its main research areas include marine biology, oceanography, geology, geomorphology, glaciology, meteorology, climatology, seismology, magnetism and ecology.

Because it is readily accessible, and the Polish staffers are friendly, [4] it is one of the most-visited scientific stations in Antarctica. The beaches near the station have numerous whale bones, relics of the time when the site was used to process whales killed nearby.

The station is near colonies of three different types of Pygoscelis penguins (Adelies, chinstraps, and gentoos), and has been designated a site of Special Scientific Interest (SSI) as provided by the Antarctic Treaty.

Historic site

The grave of Polish wildlife photographer Włodzimierz Puchalski, surmounted by an iron cross, stands on a hill to the south of the station. Puchalski died on 19 January 1979 in the course of filming a nature documentary in the vicinity of the station. The location of the grave and cross has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 51), following a proposal by Poland to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Casey Station</span> Antarctic base in Australian Antarctic Territory

Casey Station, commonly called Casey, is one of three permanent stations and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Casey is 3,880 kilometres (2,410 mi) due south of Perth, Western Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">McMurdo Station</span> American Antarctic base

McMurdo Station is an American Antarctic research station on the south tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand-claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program (USAP), a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,500 residents, and serves as one of three year-round United States Antarctic science facilities. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station first pass through McMurdo. McMurdo Station continues to operate as the hub for American activities on the Antarctic continent. By road, McMurdo is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from New Zealand's smaller Scott Base.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scott Base</span> New Zealand Antarctic base

Scott Base is a New Zealand Antarctic research station at Pram Point on Ross Island near Mount Erebus in New Zealand's Ross Dependency territorial claim. It was named in honour of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, RN, leader of two British expeditions to the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. The base was set up as support to field research and the centre for research into earth sciences, and now conducts research in many fields, operated by Antarctica New Zealand.

Włodzimierz Puchalski was a Polish photographer and film director. He was a pioneer of wildlife film-making in Poland and became famous for publishing his album "Bezkrwawe łowy" in 1954.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope Bay</span> Bay of Antarctica

Hope Bay on Trinity Peninsula, is five kilometres long and three kilometres wide, indenting the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and opening on Antarctic Sound. It is the site of the Argentinian Antarctic settlement Esperanza Base, established in 1952.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esperanza Base</span> All-civilian Antarctic base

Esperanza Base is a permanent, all-year-round Argentine research station in Hope Bay, Trinity Peninsula. It is one of only two civilian settlements in Antarctica. The base's motto is Permanencia, un acto de sacrificio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Showa Station (Antarctica)</span> Antarctic base

Showa Station, sometimes alternately spelled Syowa Station, is a Japanese permanent research station on East Ongul Island in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Built in 1957, Showa Station is named for the era in the Japanese calendar during which it was established, the Shōwa period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molodyozhnaya Station (Antarctica)</span> Antarctic station

Molodyozhnaya was a Soviet, then Russian research station in East Antarctica at 67°40′S 45°50′E. After being mothballed in 1990, it was reopened in 2006 to operate on a seasonal basis. In Russian, the station is sometimes referred to as the capital of Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme</span> Antarctic base

Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, also Base Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme, or shortly Bernardo O'Higgins, named after Bernardo O'Higgins, is a permanently staffed Chilean research station in Antarctica and the capital of Antártica Commune. It lies at an elevation of 13 m, about 30 km south-west of Prime Head, the northernmost point of the Antarctic Peninsula, at Cape Legoupil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orcadas Base</span> Antarctic base

Base Orcadas is an Argentine scientific station in Antarctica, and the oldest of the stations in Antarctica still in operation. It is located on Laurie Island, one of the South Orkney Islands, at 4 meters (13 ft) above sea level and 170 meters (558 ft) from the coastline. Established by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition in 1903 and transferred to the Argentine government in 1904, the base has been permanently populated since, being one of six Argentine permanent bases in Argentina's claim to Antarctica, and the first permanently inhabited base in Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Kliment Ohridski Base</span> Bulgarian Antarctic base

St. Kliment Ohridski Base is a Bulgarian Antarctic base on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mirny Station</span> Antarctic station in Australian Antarctic Territory

The Mirny Station is a Russian first Antarctic science station located in Queen Mary Land, Antarctica, on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea.

The Russkaya Station was a former Soviet and Russian Antarctic research station that was located on the Ruppert Coast, in Marie Byrd Land in Western Antarctica. The station was proposed in 1973 and approved in 1978. Construction began the next year and it was opened on March 9, 1980 and officially abandoned in 1990.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henryk Arctowski</span> Polish scientist and explorer

Henryk Arctowski, born Henryk Artzt, was a Polish scientist and explorer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">González Videla Antarctic Base</span> Antarctic base

González Videla Base is an inactive research station on the Antarctic mainland at Waterboat Point in Paradise Bay. It is named after Chilean President Gabriel González Videla, who in the 1940s became the first chief of state of any nation to visit Antarctica. The station was active from 1951–58, and was reopened briefly in the early 1980s. Occasional summer visits are made by Chilean parties and tourists.

The Machu Picchu Scientific Base is a Peruvian polar scientific research facility in Antarctica, established to conduct Antarctic research on geology, climatology and biology. More specifically, its purpose is to study the continent's geological past, potential sea resources, wind strengths, air pollution, and the animal adaptation in a freezing environment. The base is named after the World Heritage Site Machu Picchu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Wall Station (Antarctica)</span> Antarctic base

The Great Wall Station is the first Chinese research station in Antarctica and opened on 20 February 1985. It lies on the Fildes Peninsula on King George Island, and is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the Chilean Frei Montalva Station, and 960 kilometres (600 mi) from Cape Horn. The station is sited on ice-free rock, about 10 metres (33 ft) above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captain Arturo Prat Base</span> Antarctic base

Captain Arturo Prat Base is a Chilean Antarctic research station located at Iquique Cove, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A. B. Dobrowolski Polar Station</span> Antarctic base

A.B. Dobrowolski Polar Station is an occasionally active Polish polar research station in Antarctica. It is located at the edge of the Algae Lake, Bunger Hills region in the Wilkes Land and was originally constructed by the Soviet Union. It is one of the two Polish stations in Antarctica, the other being the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captain Pieter J. Lenie Base</span> Antarctic base

The Captain Pieter J. Lenie Base is an Antarctic summer base operated by the United States located at Copacabana Beach, Admiralty Bay. About two kilometers northwest of this base is the Polish research station Arctowski. Pieter J. Lenie Base, also known as Copa, consists of three small buildings at the foot of Rescuers Hills, near Llano Point.

References

  1. 1 2 Antarctic Station Catalogue (PDF) (catalogue). Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs. August 2017. p. 99. ISBN   978-0-473-40409-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Antarctica". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 List of Lights, Pub. 111: The West Coasts of North and South America (Excluding Continental U.S.A. and Hawaii), Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the Islands of the North and South Pacific Oceans (PDF). List of Lights . United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2017.
  4. Society Expeditions, "Expedition Log, EX 1929", Seattle: Society Expeditions, 1990, pp. 26-27
  5. "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 2014-01-03.

Further reading

Map of Arctowski Station Map of Arctowski Station.png
Map of Arctowski Station
Location of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands. King-George-Island-location-map.png
Location of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands.