Echinothuriidae Temporal range: | |
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Fire urchin ( Asthenosoma varium ) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Echinodermata |
Class: | Echinoidea |
Order: | Echinothurioida |
Family: | Echinothuriidae Thomson, 1872 |
Genera | |
See text |
The Echinothuriidae are a family of sea urchins in the order Echinothurioida. Due to their soft skeletons, most are called "leather urchins", but species in the genus Asthenosoma are also known as "fire urchins" due to their bright colors and painful, venomous sting.
These sea urchins have a disc-like body, more or less bulging, structured by a flexible test, which is nearly unique among sea urchins. Most species can grow quite big and live in deep seas, though some genera contain shallow species (especially Asthenosoma ). [1]
The test is composed of thin and weakly calcified plates, not always continuous. The spines are attached to perforated and uncrenulated tubercles. Spines from the oral face are ending with a hyaline hoof, which allows walking on soft substrate. The jaw (Aristotle's lantern) has five aulodont teeth. [2]
This family seems to have appeared at the end of the Cretaceous. [2]
The World Echinoidea Database recognises these genera: [3]
Coelopleurus is an extant genus of echinoids with fossil records dating back to the Eocene, with remains found in Europe and North America.
The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plates, in contrast to the more complex mouth parts of their close relatives, the Diadematoida. They are nearly all deepsea dwellers.
Cidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida.
The Camarodonta are an order of globular sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. The fossil record shows that camarodonts have been in existence since the Lower Cretaceous.
Araeosoma alternatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. alternatum was first scientifically described in 1934 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen, a Danish zoologist.
Araeosoma belli is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives throughout the Caribbean Sea as well as areas around the Gulf of Mexico. A. belli was first scientifically described in 1903 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen, a Danish zoologist.
Araeosoma coriacea is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. coriacea was first scientifically described in 1879 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, an American scientist.
Araeosoma eurypatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. eurypatum was first scientifically described in 1909 by Alexander Agassiz and Hubert Clark.
Araeosoma fenestratum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. fenestratum was first scientifically described in 1872 by Thomson.
Araeosoma parviungulatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. parviungulatum was first scientifically described in 1934 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.
Araeosoma paucispinum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. paucispinum was first scientifically described in 1924 by Hubert Lyman Clark, an American zoologist.
Araeosoma splendens is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. splendens was first scientifically described in 1934 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.
Araeosoma tessellatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. tessellatum was first scientifically described in 1879 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz.
Araeosoma violaceum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Its armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Araeosoma and lives in the sea. A. violaceum was first scientifically described in 1903 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.
Asthenosoma dilatatum is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Asthenosoma and lives in the sea. Asthenosoma dilatatum was first scientifically described in 1934 by Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen.
Asthenosoma ijimai is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Asthenosoma and lives in the sea. Asthenosoma ijimai was first scientifically described in 1897 by Yoshiwara.
Asthenosoma intermedium is a species of sea urchin of the family Echinothuriidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Asthenosoma and lives in the sea. Asthenosoma intermedium was first scientifically described in 1938 by Hubert Lyman Clark.
Calveriosoma gracile is a species of sea urchin in the order Echinothurioida. It is a deep water species and is found on the seabed in western parts of the Pacific Ocean at depths of 200 to 800 metres.
Asthenosoma is a genus of sea urchins in the family Echinothuriidae. Their spines are covered with harmful venom capsules.
Dermechinus is a genus of sea urchin in the family Echinidae found in deep water in the southern Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It is monotypic, with Dermechinus horridus, sometimes called the cactus urchin, being the only species.