Erdafitinib

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Erdafitinib
Erdafitinib.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Balversa
Other namesJNJ-42756493
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a619031
License data
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
Drug class Organonitrogen compounds
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • N'-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N'-[3-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)quinoxalin-6-yl]-N-propan-2-ylethane-1,2-diamine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
PubChemSID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.235.008 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula C25H30N6O2
Molar mass 446.555 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)NCCN(C1=CC2=NC(=CN=C2C=C1)C3=CN(N=C3)C)C4=CC(=CC(=C4)OC)OC
  • InChI=1S/C25H30N6O2/c1-17(2)26-8-9-31(20-10-21(32-4)13-22(11-20)33-5)19-6-7-23-24(12-19)29-25(15-27-23)18-14-28-30(3)16-18/h6-7,10-17,26H,8-9H2,1-5H3
  • Key:OLAHOMJCDNXHFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Erdafitinib, sold under the brand name Balversa, is an anti-cancer medication. It is a small molecule inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) used for the treatment of cancer. FGFRs are a subset of tyrosine kinases which are unregulated in some tumors and influence tumor cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell survival. [6] [7] Astex Pharmaceuticals discovered the drug [8] and licensed it to Janssen Pharmaceuticals for further development. [6]

Contents

Medical uses

In the United Statest, erdafitinib is indicated for the treatment of adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible FGFR3 genetic alterations whose disease has progressed on or after at least one line of prior systemic therapy. [3]

In April 2019, erdafitinib was granted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of metastatic or locally advanced bladder cancer with an FGFR3 or FGFR2 alteration that has progressed beyond traditional platinum-based therapies, subject to a confirmatory trial. [7] [9] [10] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. [11]

In January 2024, the FDA approved erdafitinib for adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible FGFR3 genetic alterations, as determined by an FDA-approved companion diagnostic test, whose disease has progressed on or after at least one line of prior systemic therapy. [12]

In August 2024, the EMA approved erdafitinib for adults with unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) carrying susceptible FGFR3 genetic alterations. [13]

Side effects

Common side effects include increased phosphate level, mouth sores, feeling tired, change in kidney function, diarrhea, dry mouth, nails separating from the bed or poor formation of the nail, change in liver function, low salt (sodium) levels, decreased appetite, change in sense of taste, low red blood cells (anemia), dry skin, dry eyes and hair loss. [7] Other side effects include redness, swelling, peeling or tenderness on the hands or feet (hand foot syndrome), constipation, stomach pain, nausea and muscle pain. [7]

Erdafitinib may cause serious eye problems, including inflamed eyes, inflamed cornea (front part of the eye) and disorders of the retina, an internal part of the eye. [7] Patients are advised to have eye examinations intermittently and to tell their health care professional right away if they develop blurred vision, loss of vision or other visual changes. [7]

History

The efficacy of erdafitinib was studied in a clinical trial (NCT02365597) that included 87 adults with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer, with FGFR3 or FGFR2 genetic alterations, that had progressed following treatment with chemotherapy. [7] [14] The overall response rate in these adults was 32.2%, with 2.3% having a complete response and almost 30% having a partial response. [7] The response lasted for a median of approximately five-and-a-half months. [7] The trial was conducted in Asia, Europe, and the United States. [14]

Erdafitinib received an accelerated approval. [7] Further clinical trials are required to confirm erdafitinib's clinical benefit and the sponsor is conducting or plans to conduct these studies. [7] Erdafitinib was also granted breakthrough therapy designation. [7] The FDA granted the approval of Balversa to Janssen Pharmaceutical. [7] [10] The FDA also approved the therascreen FGFR RGQ RT-PCR Kit, developed by Qiagen Manchester, Ltd., for use as a companion diagnostic with erdafinitib for this therapeutic indication. [7]

In January 2024, the FDA approved erdafitinib for adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible FGFR3 genetic alterations, as determined by an FDA-approved companion diagnostic test, whose disease has progressed on or after at least one line of prior systemic therapy. [12] This approval amends the indication previously granted under accelerated approval for people with metastatic urothelial carcinoma with susceptible FGFR3 or FGFR2 alterations after prior platinum-containing chemotherapy. [12] Efficacy was evaluated in Study BLC3001 Cohort 1, a randomized, open-label trial of 266 participants with metastatic urothelial carcinoma harboring selected FGFR3 alterations who had received 1-2 prior systemic treatments, including a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor. [12] Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive erdafitinib or investigator's choice of chemotherapy (docetaxel or vinflunine). [12] Randomization was stratified by region, performance status, and presence of visceral or bone metastases. [12] FGFR3 alterations were identified from tumor tissue in a central laboratory by the therascreen FGFR RGQ RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) in 75% of participants, while the remainder were identified by local next generation sequencing assays. [12]

Society and culture

In March 2018, erdafitinib was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for treatment of urothelial cancer. [6]

In June 2024, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Balversa, intended for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma harbouring susceptible FGFR3 genetic alterations. [4] [15] The applicant for this medicinal product is Janssen-Cilag International N.V. [4] Erdafitinib was approved for medical use in the European Union in August 2024. [4] [5]

Research

Researchers have investigated erdafitinib for safety and efficacy in treatment of bile duct cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and esophageal cancer. [16]

Related Research Articles

Astex Pharmaceuticals is a biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of drugs in oncology and diseases of the central nervous system. Astex was founded in 1999 by Sir Tom Blundell, Chris Abell & Harren Jhoti, and is located in Cambridge, England.

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References

  1. ↑ "Balversa Product information". Health Canada . Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  2. ↑ "Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Balversa". Health Canada . 23 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Balversa- erdafitinib tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 1 February 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Balversa EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 27 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  5. 1 2 "Balversa Product information". Union Register of medicinal products. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 "Janssen Announces U.S. FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Erdafitinib in the Treatment of Metastatic Urothelial Cancer". Johnson & Johnson (Press release). Archived from the original on 20 June 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "FDA approves first targeted therapy for metastatic bladder cancer". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 12 April 2019. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  8. ↑ Saxty G (3 November 2011). "Pyrazolyl quinazoline kinase inhibitors". Google Patents.
  9. ↑ "Balversa (erdafitinib) Receives U.S. FDA Approval for the Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma with Certain FGFR Genetic Alterations". Johnson & Johnson (Press release). 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  10. 1 2 "Drug Approval Package: Balversa (erdafinitib)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  11. ↑ "New Drug Therapy Approvals 2019". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 31 December 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "FDA approves erdafitinib for urothelial carcinoma". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 19 January 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  13. ↑ "Erdafitinib Wins EU Approval for FGFR3+ Unresectable, Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma". OncLive. 23 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  14. 1 2 "Drug Trials Snapshots: Balversa". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 12 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  15. ↑ "Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 24-27 June 2024". European Medicines Agency. 28 June 2024. Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  16. ↑ Bahleda R, Italiano A, Hierro C, Mita A, Cervantes A, Chan N, et al. (August 2019). "Multicenter Phase I Study of Erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493), Oral Pan-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced or Refractory Solid Tumors". Clin. Cancer Res. 25 (16): 4888–97. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-3334 . hdl: 10854/7722 . PMID   31088831. S2CID   155089088.
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