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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess, accounting for 50% of cases. NPC occurs in children and adults. NPC differs significantly from other cancers of the head and neck in its occurrence, causes, clinical behavior, and treatment. It is vastly more common in certain regions of East Asia and Africa than elsewhere, with viral, dietary and genetic factors implicated in its causation. It is most common in males. It is a squamous cell carcinoma of an undifferentiated type. Squamous epithelial cells are a flat type of cell found in the skin and the membranes that line some body cavities. Undifferentiated cells are cells that do not have their mature features or functions.
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References
- 1 2 3 4 "Loqtorzi- toripalimab injection". DailyMed. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ↑ "Loqtorzi- toripalimab-tpzi injection". DailyMed. 27 October 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "FDA approves toripalimab-tpzi for nasopharyngeal carcinoma". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 27 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain . - 1 2 Keam SJ (April 2019). "Toripalimab: First Global Approval". Drugs. 79 (5): 573–578. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01076-2 . PMID 30805896. S2CID 71147241.
- ↑ Li J, Zhang H, Zhu H, Li H (November 2023). "Clinical outcomes and immunological evaluation of toripalimab combination for cancer treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". International Immunopharmacology. 125 (Pt B): 111176. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111176. PMID 37948860. S2CID 265121325.
