Erigeron philadelphicus

Last updated

Philadelphia fleabane
Philadelphia Fleabane.jpg
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Erigeron
Species:
E. philadelphicus
Binomial name
Erigeron philadelphicus
L.
Synonyms [1] [2]
  • Erigeron purpureusAiton
  • Tessenia philadelphica(L.) Lunell
  • Erigeron provancheriVict. & J.Rousseau, syn of var. provancheri

Erigeron philadelphicus, the Philadelphia fleabane, is a species of flowering plant in the composite family (Asteraceae). Other common names include common fleabane, daisy fleabane, frost-root, marsh fleabane, poor robin's plantain, skevish or skervish, [3] and, in the British Isles, robin's-plantain, but all of these names are shared with other species of fleabanes ( Erigeron ). [4] It is native to North America and has been introduced to Eurasia.

Contents

Taxonomy

Varieties

Three varieties of Philadelphia fleabane are recognized:

Etymology

The common name fleabane refers to the antiquated belief that the plants were repellent to fleas. [5]

Description

Philadelphia fleabane is a herbaceous plant growing to about 15–76 centimetres (1⁄2–2+1⁄2 feet) tall. The leaves are alternate, simple and up to 15 centimetres (6 inches) long, [5] on hairy stems. The middle to lower leaves are heart shaped. The flower heads are borne in spring in arrays of as many as 35 heads. Each head may sometimes contain as many as 100 to 150 pink or white ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets. The blooms are less than 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. The stem is hairy with rough hairs. Its active growth period is from spring to summer (April to July), [6] [7] with flowers until September. [5]

Similar species

There are several other fleabanes in North America that are similar to common fleabane. Hairy fleabane has fewer ray flowers, usually 40 to 60, and its range is limited to the eastern half of the United States and Canada, while common fleabane has 150 or more ray flowers and a much broader range across North America. Prairie fleabane is an annual, rather than a perennial, from 30–90 centimetres (1–3 feet) tall, and it lacks clasping leaves surrounding the stem. Low Erigeron is shorter, only 5–30 centimetres (0–1 foot) tall, and it can have white, pink, or bluish rays. Its range is the western half of North America. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Philadelphia fleabane is native to North America and found in nearly all of the United States and Canada. [8] It has also been introduced into Europe and Asia, where it is considered an invasive weed in some places. [9] It grows on roadsides, in fields, in thickets, and in open woods. [6] [7] It benefits from moisture and some shade, as well as disturbances. [5]

Provancher's fleabane is restricted to calcareous rocky shorelines in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence lowlands. [10]

Vancouver Island fleabane is restricted to salt marshes and beaches on Vancouver Island in British Columbia. [11]

Ecology

Common fleabane is a larval host for the obscure schinia moth, [12] and butterflies, bees, and moths pollinate the flowers. [3]

Conservation

Philadelphia fleabane is considered globally secure (G5) and nationally secure (N5) in both Canada and the United States. [13] At the subnational level, it is considered vulnerable (S3) in Montana and North Carolina, imperiled (S2) in Nova Scotia, Wyoming, and Yukon, and critically imperiled (S1) in Colorado. [13]

Varieties

Because of their distinct phytogeography and habitat affinities, the three accepted varieties of Philadelphia fleabane have been assessed independently by conservation scientists. [10] [13]

Common Philadelphia fleabane

Common Philadelphia fleabane is common and widespread across most of North America and is also the variety introduced to Eurasia. [14] It is considered globally secure (T5) and nationally secure (N5) in both Canada and the United States. [13] At the subnational level, it is considered secure (S5) or apparently secure (S4) in most of the states and provinces where it occurs, but it is considered imperiled (S2) in Nova Scotia, Wyoming and Yukon, and critically imperiled (S1) in Colorado. [13]

Provancher's fleabane

Provancher's fleabane is considered globally vulnerable (T3), nationally vulnerable (N3) in Canada, and imperiled (N1N2) in the United States. [13] At the subnational level, it is considered vulnerable (S3) in Ontario and New York, imperiled (S2) in Quebec, and critically imperiled (S1) in Vermont. [13] It is listed as Special Concern under Canada's Species at Risk Act, 2002. [10]

Provancher's fleabane was recently discovered in Ohio, where its conservation status has not been assessed.

Vancouver Island fleabane

The variety known as Vancouver Island fleabane is endemic to Vancouver Island in British Columbia and is considered globally imperilled (T2) and nationally imperilled (N2) in Canada. [13] It is considered provincially imperilled (S2) in British Columbia, the only province in which it occurs. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Erigeron</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Erigeron is a large genus of plants in the composite family (Asteraceae). It is placed in the tribe Astereae and is closely related to the Old World asters (Aster) and the true daisies (Bellis). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but the highest diversity occurs in North America.

<i>Erigeron canadensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Erigeron canadensis is an annual plant native throughout most of North America and Central America. It is also widely naturalized in Eurasia and Australia. Common names include horseweed, Canadian horseweed, Canadian fleabane, coltstail, marestail, and butterweed. It was the first weed to have developed glyphosate resistance, reported in 2001 from Delaware.

<i>Erigeron annuus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron annuus, the annual fleabane, daisy fleabane, or eastern daisy fleabane, is a species of herbaceous, annual or biennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Erigeron aphanactis</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron aphanactis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name rayless daisy, or rayless shaggy fleabane. This wildflower is native to the western United States, primarily the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau regions.

<i>Erigeron bloomeri</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron bloomeri is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name scabland fleabane.

Erigeron breweri is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Brewer's fleabane.

<i>Erigeron eatonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron eatonii is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Eaton's fleabane.

<i>Erigeron foliosus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron foliosus, known by the common names leafy daisy and leafy fleabane, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Erigeron glaucus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron glaucus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name seaside fleabane, beach aster, or seaside daisy. It is native to the West Coast of the United States.

<i>Erigeron peregrinus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron peregrinus is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name wandering fleabane.

<i>Erigeron strigosus</i> Species of plant

Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.

<i>Erigeron pulchellus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron pulchellus, the Robin's plantain, blue spring daisy or hairy fleabane, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada from Québec and Ontario south as far as eastern Texas and the Florida Panhandle.

<i>Erigeron maguirei</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron maguirei is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names Maguire daisy and Maguire's fleabane. It is endemic to Utah in the United States. It is a perennial herb growing up to 28 centimetres tall. It grows from a taproot and a branching caudex. The stems are densely hairy. The inflorescence holds one to five flower heads each with several hairy, glandular phyllaries. The head has up to 20 white, pink-tinged, or pink ray florets 0.6 to 0.8 centimeters long, and many yellow disc florets at the center.

<i>Symphyotrichum lanceolatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of North America

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America. Common names include panicled aster, lance-leaved aster, and white panicled aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 1.5 meters tall or more, sometimes approaching 2 m. The lance-shaped leaves are generally hairless but may feel slightly rough to the touch on the top because of tiny bristles. The flowers grow in clusters and branch in panicles. They have 16–50 white ray florets that are up to 14 millimeters long and sometimes tinged pink or purple. The flower centers consist of disk florets that begin as yellow and become purple as they mature.

<i>Erigeron pumilus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron pumilus, the shaggy fleabane, or vernal daisy, is a hairy North American species of perennial plants in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of western Canada and the western United States, from British Columbia east to Saskatchewan and south as far as Oklahoma and the San Bernardino Mountains of California. There have been reports of the plant growing in Yukon Territory, but these were based on misidentified specimens.

<i>Dieteria bigelovii</i> Species of flowering plant

Dieteria bigelovii, also known as Bigelow's tansyaster or sticky aster, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Erigeron poliospermus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron poliospermus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names gray-seeded fleabane, purple cushion fleabane, and hairy-seed fleabane. Native to western North America, it is mainly found to the east of the Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.

<i>Erigeron speciosus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron speciosus is a widespread North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common names aspen fleabane, garden fleabane, and showy fleabane.

<i>Erigeron subtrinervis</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron subtrinervis, called the three-nerved daisy, the three-nerve fleabane, or the hairy showy daisy, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in various mountains of western Canada and the western United States: Rocky Mountains, northern Cascades, Black Hills, etc., from British Columbia and Washington state east to North Dakota and south as far as New Mexico.

References

  1. ↑ The Plant List, Erigeron philadelphicus L.
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Erigeron philadelphicus L.
  3. 1 2 3 Erigeron philadelphicus. United States Department of Agriculture NRCS Plant Guide.
  4. ↑ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 372. ISBN   978-0-375-40233-3.
  6. 1 2 Flora of North America, Erigeron philadelphicus Linnaeus, 1753. Philadelphia fleabane, vergerette de Philadelphie
  7. 1 2 Dickinson, T.; Metsger, G.; Hull, J.; and Dickinson, R. (2004) The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 163.
  8. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  9. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Cespica di Philadelfia Erigeron philadelphicus L. includes photos and line drawings
  10. 1 2 3 "Species at risk registry". species-registry.canada.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  11. ↑ "Erigeron philadelphicus var. glaber - FNA". floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  12. ↑ "HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  14. ↑ "Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus - FNA". floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2023-03-02.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.