Eryniopsis

Last updated

Eryniopsis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Entomophthoromycota
Class: Entomophthoromycetes
Order: Entomophthorales
Family: Entomophthoraceae
Genus: Eryniopsis
Humber, 1984 [1]
Type species
Eryniopsis lampyridarum
(Thaxt.) Humber (1984)

Eryniopsis is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales. [2] This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gryganskyi et al. 2012). [3]

Contents

The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist Richard A. Humber in 1984, and the name of Eryniopsis was derived from its similarity to members of the fungal genus Erynia , and also combined with the Greek word opsis which means "aspect" or "appearance". [1]

The genus of Eryniopsis was initially created in 1984, based on Eryniopsis lampyridarum, for species with primary conidia that are multi-nucleate (ca 4–12 nu-clei), unitunicate (having one wall in the ascus) and elongate (rather than globose (rounded) or pyriform (pear-shaped)). They are produced on simple to dichotomously branched conidiophores, and actively ejected (Humber 1984). [1] This genus originally contained three species; Eryniopsis lampyridarum, Eryniopsis longispora and Eryniopsis caroliniana. In 1993, two more species that produce elongate secondary conidia were added to Eryniopsis (Keller & Eilenberg 1993). Eryniopsis transitans was known only from Limoniidae (formerly a subfamily of crane flies, Tipulidae ) found in Switzerland and also Eryniopsis ptychopterae which was known only from Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies, closely related to Tipulidae) and found in Denmark. They both had pear-shaped primary conidia that resemble members of the genus Entomophaga . [4] (They were later transferred to that genus).

The species of Eryniopsis vary in the shapes of primary conidia. [4]

Distribution

It has a cosmopolitan distribution, scattered worldwide. With most sightings in America and Europe. [5] Including Switzerland, [6] and Spain. [7]

Hosts

Species Eryniopsis lampyridarum is known to infect (and kills later) the soldier beetle, either species Chauliognathus marginatus or goldenrod soldier beetle species, Chauliognathus pensylvanicus . [8] [9] [10]

Species Eryniopsis caroliniana has been found on (Diptera order) 'Tipulidae hosts in North America, central and western Europe. [4]

Species Eryniopsis longispora has been found on (Diptera order) small Nematocera hosts in Poland. [4]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum; [11]

Former species; (all family Entomophthoraceae) [11]

Related Research Articles

An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can kill or seriously disable insects. They do not need to enter an insect's body through oral ingestion or intake; rather, they directly penetrate though the exoskeleton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entomophthorales</span> Order of fungi

The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, in 2007, was circumscribed for them.

<i>Entomophthora</i> Genus of fungi

Entomophthora is a fungal genus in the family Entomophthoraceae. Species in this genus are parasitic on flies and other two-winged insects. The genus was circumscribed by German physician Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang Fresenius (1808–1866) in 1856.

<i>Tipula</i> Genus of flies

Tipula is a very large insect genus in the fly family Tipulidae. The members of this genus are sometimes collectively called common crane flies. Tipula contains over 2,000 species located throughout the world.

<i>Coenosia</i> Genus of flies

Coenosia is a very large genus of true flies of the family Muscidae. Coenosia are known as tiger flies since they are predators and hunt many kinds of insects and other invertebrates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goldenrod soldier beetle</span> Species of beetle

The goldenrod soldier beetle or Pennsylvania leatherwing is a species of soldier beetle (Cantharidae).

<i>Entomophaga maimaiga</i> Species of fungus

Entomophaga maimaiga is a Japanese fungus which has shown striking success in managing spongy moth populations in North America.

<i>Entomophaga</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Entomophaga is a genus of entomopathogenic fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family and also the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entomophthoromycota</span> Division of fungi

Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom fungi. In 2007, it was placed at the taxonomic rank of subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom. In 2012, it was raised to the rank of phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012. Divided into three classes and six families, it contains over 250 species that are mostly arthropod pathogens or soil- and litter-borne saprobes.

<i>Pandora</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Pandora is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Zoophthora is a genus of fungi in the family Entomophthoraceae. Like other taxa in this family, Zoophthora species cause disease in insects and as such are considered entomopathogenic fungi.

Erynia is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

<i>Massospora</i> Genus of fungi

Massospora is a genus of fungi in the Entomophthoraceae family, within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entomophthoraceae</span> Family of fungi

Entomophthoraceae is a family of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Most species in the family are obligately entomopathogenic. There are two subfamilies, Erynioideae and Entomophthoroideae, which were proposed in 2005.

Strongwellsea is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. They are known to infect insects. Infected adult dipteran hosts develop a large hole in their abdomens, through which conidia (spores) are then actively discharged while the hosts are still alive.

Tarichium is a genus of fungi within the order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

<i>Furia</i> (fungus) Genus of fungi

Furia is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Batkoa is a genus of fungi within the family of Entomophthoraceae and order Entomophthorales of the Zygomycota. This has been supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Meristacrum is a fungal genus in the monotypic family Meristacraceae, of the order Entomophthorales. They are parasites of soil invertebrates, they typically infect nematodes, and tardigrades.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Humber, R. A. 1984. Mycotaxon, 21, 257-264.
  2. ↑ Elya, Carolyn; De Fine Licht, Henrik H. (12 November 2021). "The genus Entomophthora: bringing the insect destroyers into the twenty-first century &". IMA Fungus. 12 (34).
  3. ↑ Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME et al (2012) Molecular phylogeny of the Entomophthoromycota. Mol Phylogenet Evol 65:682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.026
  4. 1 2 3 4 Hajek, Ann E.; Bruun Jensen, Annette; Thomsen, Lene; Hodge, Kathie T.; Eilenberg, Jørgen (2003). "PCR-RFLP is used to investigate relations among species in theentomopathogenic genera Eryniopsis and Entomophaga". Mycologia. 95 (2): 262–268.
  5. ↑ "Eryniopsis Humber". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  6. ↑ Keller, Siegfried (1991). "Arthropod pathogenic Entomophthorales of Switzerland. II. Erynia, Eryniopsis, Neozygites, Zoophthora and Tarichium". Sydowia. 43: 39–122.
  7. ↑ H.R. Engelmann (J. Cramer, Editor) Nova Hedwigia, Volume 73; Volume 73 (2001) , p. 167, at Google Books
  8. ↑ "Fungus creates zombie beetles that crave flowers before death". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Geggel, Laura (15 June 2017). "Photos: Zombie Beetles Hang from Flowers". livescience.com. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  10. ↑ Steinkrausa, Donald C.; Hajekb, Ann E.; Liebherrb, Jim K. (2017). "Zombie soldier beetles: Epizootics in the goldenrod soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pensylvanicus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) caused by Eryniopsis lampyridarum (Entomophthoromycotina: Entomophthoraceae)". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 148: 51–59. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2017.05.002. PMID   28535871.
  11. 1 2 "Eryniopsis - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.