Eucalyptus pruinosa

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Silver box
Eucalyptus pruinosa.jpg
E. pruinosa habit
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. pruinosa
Binomial name
Eucalyptus pruinosa
Eucalyptus pruinosa Distribution Map.png
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms [1]

Eucalyptus spodophylla F.Muell.

foliage Eucalyptuspruinus4922389423 0bea997936 o.jpg
foliage
flowers Eucalyptus pruinosa flowers.jpg
flowers

Eucalyptus pruinosa, commonly known as silver box, silver leaf box, apple box or smoke tree, [2] is a species of tree or a mallee that is endemic to northern Australia. The Jaminjung peoples know the tree as yarrirra or jarnbiny, the Jaru as wararn and the Wagiman as wararn. [2] It has rough, fibrous to flaky bark on the trunk and branches, a crown composed of juvenile, glaucous, heart-shaped to broadly elliptical leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds arranged in groups of seven on the ends of branches, creamy white to pale yellow flowers and cylindrical to conical fruit.

Contents

Description

Eucalyptus pruinosa is a tree or a mallee that typically grows to a height of 2–7 m (6 ft 7 in – 23 ft 0 in) or more and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, grey, fibrous to flaky, sometimes fissured bark on the trunk and branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are glaucous, square in cross-section and prominently winged. The crown of the tree is composed of juvenile leaves that are the same glaucous colour on both sides, sessile, heart-shaped or elliptical and arranged in opposite pairs. The leaves are 90–140 mm (3.5–5.5 in) long and 35–105 mm (1.4–4.1 in) wide with their bases surrounding the branchlet. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of the branchlets in groups of seven on a thick, branched peduncle 3–26 mm (0.12–1.02 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–12 mm (0.079–0.472 in) long. Mature buds are spindle-shaped, oval or pear-shaped, 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical or beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from March to October and the flowers are creamy white to pale yellow. The fruit is a woody cylindrical to conical capsule 5–11 mm (0.20–0.43 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with the valves near rim level. The seeds are flattened to oval and blackish. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus pruinosa was first formally described in 1843 by Johannes Conrad Schauer in Walper's book Repertorium Botanices Systematicae. [6] [7] The type specimen was collected by Robert Brown and Ferdinand Bauer from the South Wellesley Islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria off Queensland in 1802. [8] The species name pruinosa is taken from the Latin word pruina meaning covered in hoar-frost, referring to the waxy covering on the foliage and inflorescence. [2]

In 2000, Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described two subspecies in the journal Telopea and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census: [9]

Distribution

Silver box is found in open savannah woodland communities on low limestone hills and on low-lying flats and grows best in sandy soils. It is widely distributed across northern Australia from the Kimberley region of Western Australia to north-western Queensland. In the Kimberley region of Western Australia it is found to the east of the KWunaamin Miliwundi Ranges in the Shire of Halls Creek and Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. In the Northern Territory, it is found in the from Katharine to about Tennant Creek, including the Victoria Daly and Roper Gulf Regions and Arnhem Land. In Queensland it occurs as far east as Forsayth and Einasleigh and as far south as Dajarra. [4] [8]

Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, [3] as "least concern" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 2000 and as "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992 . [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<i>Eucalyptus melliodora</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus baueriana</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus polyanthemos</i> Species of eucalyptus

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<i>Eucalyptus miniata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus miniata, commonly known as the Darwin woollybutt or woolewoorrng, is a species of medium-sized to tall tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, fibrous, brownish bark on the trunk, smooth greyish bark above. Adult leaves are lance-shaped, the flower buds are ribbed and arranged in groups of seven, the flowers orange or scarlet and the fruit is cylindrical to barrel-shaped or urn-shaped, with ribs along the sides.

<i>Eucalyptus preissiana</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus preissiana, commonly known as bell-fruited mallee, is a species of small tree or shrub that occurs in an area between Albany and Esperance in Western Australia. It has a spreading habit, smooth bark, elliptical to egg-shaped or oblong leaves, flower buds in groups of three, yellow flowers and cup-shaped, conical or bell-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus acmenoides</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus acmenoides, commonly known as white mahogany or barayly, is a tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a large tree with grey to reddish brown, stringy bark, lance-shaped leaves, oval to spindle-shaped buds and more or less hemispherical fruits. The two sides of adult leaves are very different shades of green.

<i>Eucalyptus dealbata</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus dealbata, known as the tumbledown red gum or hill redgum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has mostly smooth, white to grey or brownish bark, lance-shaped to egg-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit with the valves extended well beyond the rim of the fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus angulosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus angulosa, also known as the ridge fruited mallee or southern ridge fruited mallee, is a eucalypt that is native to Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as quarral or kwaral.

<i>Eucalyptus capillosa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus capillosa, commonly known as wheatbelt wandoo, or mallee wandoo, is a species of tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth, grey bark, lance-shaped to elliptic adult leaves, spindle-shaped flower buds in groups of nine to thirteen, white flowers and barrel-shaped to cylindrical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus effusa</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus effusa, commonly known as rough-barked gimlet, is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to Western Australia. It has thin, rough bark on the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus leucophylla</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus leucophylla, commonly known as Cloncurry box, is a species of tree or mallee that is predominantly found in northwest Queensland with small populations possibly also occurring in the eastern Kimberley region Western Australia. It has rough, finely fissured bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, creamy white flowers and cup-shaped fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus oligantha</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus oligantha, commonly known as the broad-leaved box, is a species of tree that is native to the Kimberley region of Western Australia and parts of the Northern Territory. It has rough, fibrous or flaky greyish bark, broadly egg-shaped to almost round adult leaves that are lost in the dry season, flower buds in groups of three or seven, creamy yellow to whitish flowers and cup-shaped to more or less cylindrical, bell-shaped or conical fruit.

<i>Eucalyptus pantoleuca</i> Species of eucalyptus

Eucalyptus pantoleuca, commonly known as round-leaved gum or Panton River white gum, is a species of small tree that is endemic to the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It has smooth, powdery bark, more or less round adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and conical fruit that are glaucous at first.

Eucalyptus subangusta is a species of tree, mallee or mallet that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, narrow lance-shaped leaves, flower buds in groups of up to nineteen, white flowers and cup-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia clavigera</i> Species of plant

Corymbia clavigera, commonly known as apple gum or cabbage gum, is a species of tree that is endemic to a small area in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia. It has smooth, pale grey and white bark, lance-shaped or elliptical adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and urn-shaped to barrel-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia ferruginea</i> Species of plant

Corymbia ferruginea, commonly known as rusty bloodwood, is a species of tree that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, tessellated bark on the trunk and branches, a crown of sessile juvenile leaves, flower buds in groups of three or seven, pale creamy yellow flowers and urn-shaped fruit.

<i>Corymbia setosa</i> Species of plant

Corymbia setosa, commonly known as rough leaved bloodwood or desert bloodwood, is a species of small tree that is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It has rough, tessellated brown bark on the trunk and branches, a crown of juvenile, heart-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, flower buds in groups of three or seven, white flowers and urn-shaped to shortened spherical fruit.

Eucalyptus tephrodes is a species of small tree or mallee that is endemic to Western Australia. It has rough bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three on the ends of branchlets and cup-shaped to hemispherical fruit.

Eucalyptus lockyeri, commonly known as Lockyer's box, is a species of small tree endemic to a small area in Queensland. It has rough bark near the base of the trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

References

  1. 1 2 "Eucalyptus pruinosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Eucalyptus pruinosa Schauer". FloraNT. Northern Territory Government . Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Eucalyptus pruinosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  4. 1 2 "Eucalyptus pruinosa subsp. pruinosa". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  5. ↑ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus pruinosa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  6. ↑ "Eucalyptus pruinosa". APNI. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  7. ↑ Johannes Conrad Schauer (1843). Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (ed.). Repertorium botanices systematicae (Volume 2). New York: Sumtibus Frederici Hofmeister. p. 926. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  8. 1 2 "Eucalyptus pruinosa". Eucalink. Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney . Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  9. 1 2 Johnson, Lawrence A.S.; Hill, Kenneth D. (2000). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 10. New tropical and subtropical eucalypts from Australia and New Guinea (Eucalyptus Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 8 (4): 537–539.
  10. ↑ "Eucalyptus pruinosa subsp. pruinosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Eucalyptus pruinosa subsp. pruinosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  12. ↑ "Eucalyptus pruinosa subsp. tenuata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  13. ↑ "Eucalyptus pruinosa subsp. tenuata". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  14. ↑ "Silver box - Eucalyptus pruinosa". The State of Queensland Department of Environment and Science. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
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