Flabelligeridae

Flabelligeridae Temporal range: Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Diplocirrus glaucus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Annelida
Clade:	Pleistoannelida
Clade:	Sedentaria
Order:	Terebellida
Suborder:	Cirratuliformia
Family:	Flabelligeridae Saint-Joseph, 1894
Type genus
Flabelligera Sars, 1829
Synonyms
Poeobiidae Heath, 1930 Flotidae Buzhinskaja, 1996 (debated)

Flabelligeridae is a family of polychaete worms, known as bristle-cage worms, notable for their cephalic cage: long slender chaetae forming a fan-like arrangement surrounding the eversible (able to be turned inside-out) head. ^{[1] [2]} Unlike many polychaetes, they also have large, pigmented, complex eyes. ^{[3] [4]}

Habitat

These worms live under stones and are known to burrow into sand. ^[5] They have a cosmopolitan distribution and live in a variety of marine habitats, from the deep sea to shallow coastal regions. ^[6]

Subdivisions

• Annenkova Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
• Brada Stimpson, 1854
• Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967
• Daylithos Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
• Diplocirrus Haase, 1915
• Flabegraviera Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
• Flabehlersia Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
• Flabelliderma Hartman, 1969
• Flabelligera Sars, 1829
• Flabesymbios Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
• Ilyphagus Chamberlin, 1919
• † Mazopherusa (?) Hay, 2002
• Pherusa Oken, 1807
• Piromis Kinberg, 1867
• Poeobius Heath, 1930
• Pycnoderma Grube, 1877
• Semiodera Chamberlin, 1919
• Stylarioides Delle Chiaje, 1831 (includes Coppingeria Haswell, 1892; fide Salazar-Vallejo 2011)
• Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919
• Treadwellius Salazar-Vallejo, 2011
• Trophoniella Hartman, 1959 (includes Therochaetella Hartman, 1967)

The first species was Amphridite plumosa , described from Norway. Flabelligerids were placed in various similar polychaete families until Saint-Joseph erected the family (under the name Flabelligeriens) in 1894. ^{[5] [7]}

Mazopherusa is a possible fossil example from the Carboniferous; other fossil material is only dubiously assigned to the family. ^[1] The Cambrian Iotuba also may belong to the family, however it also appears similar to Acrocirridae. ^[8]

References

1. Westheide, Wilfried; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph; Helm, Conrad; Mackie, Andrew S.Y.; Böggemann, Markus; Blake, James A.; Ebbe, Brigitte; Zhadan, Anna E.; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.; Dean, Harlan K.; Magalhães, Wagner; Martínez, Alejandro; Worsaae, Katrine; Núñez, Jorge; Fiege, Dieter; Maciolek, Nancy J. (2019). "7. Pleistoannelida". In Purschke, Günter; Böggemann, Markus; Westheide, Wilfried (eds.). Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. Vol. 1. De Gruyter. pp. 398–421. doi:10.1515/9783110291582-007. ISBN   9783110291582. S2CID   243185961.
2. Oug, Eivind & Bakken, Torkild & Kongsrud, Jon. (2011). Guide to identification of Flabelligeridae (Polychaeta) in Norwegian and adjacent waters.
3. Purschke, Günter; Vodopyanov, Stepan; Baller, Anjilie; von Palubitzki, Tim; Bartolomaeus, Thomas; Beckers, Patrick (2022-01-25). "Ultrastructure of cerebral eyes in Oweniidae and Chaetopteridae (Annelida) – implications for the evolution of eyes in Annelida". Zoological Letters. 8 (1): 3. doi: 10.1186/s40851-022-00188-0 . ISSN   2056-306X. PMC   8787891 . PMID   35078543.
4. Vodopyanov, Stepan; Purschke, Günter (2017-09-01). "Fine structure of the cerebral eyes in Flabelligera affinis (Annelida, Sedentaria, Cirratuliformia): new data prove the existence of typical converse annelid multicellular eyes in a sedentary polychaete". Zoomorphology. 136 (3): 307–325. doi:10.1007/s00435-017-0350-2. ISSN   1432-234X. S2CID   253982132.
5. Rouse, Gregory; Pleijel, Fredrik (2001-10-11). Polychaetes. OUP Oxford. ISBN   978-0-19-850608-9.
6. Jimi, Naoto; Hasegawa, Naohiro; Taru, Masanori; Oya, Yuki; Kohtsuka, Hisanori; Shinji, Tsuchida; Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Woo, Sau Pinn (15 Apr 2022). "Five New Species of Flabelligera (Flabelligeridae: Annelida) from Japan". Species Diversity . 27: 101–111. doi: 10.12782/specdiv.27.101 . S2CID   248191534.
7. "Flabelligeridae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
8. Zhang, ZhiFei; Smith, Martin R.; Ren, XinYi (8 February 2023). "The Cambrian cirratuliform Iotuba denotes an early annelid radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 290 (1992). doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.2014.