Glycine (plant)

Glycine
Glycine max: soybeans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Clade:	Millettioids
Tribe:	Phaseoleae
Subtribe:	Glycininae
Genus:	Glycine Willd. (1802), nom. cons.
Type species
Glycine clandestina J.C. Wendl.
Species
See text
Synonyms [1]
CadeliumMedik. (1787) ChrystoliaMontrouz. ex Beauvis. (1901) KennedynellaSteud. (1840), nom. superfl. LeptocyamusBenth. (1839) LeptolobiumBenth. (1837), nom. illeg. SojaMoench (1794), nom. rej. TriendilixRaf. (1836)

Glycine is a genus in the bean family Fabaceae. The best known species is the cultivated soybean (Glycine max). While the majority of the species are found only in Australia, the soybean's native range is in East Asia. A few species extend from Australia to East Asia (e.g., G. tomentella and G. tabacina). Glycine species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species: the engrailed, nutmeg and turnip moths have all been recorded on soybean.

Taxonomy

The genus name Glycine has had a tangled taxonomic history. ^[2] It was first introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. ^[3] Linnaeus listed eight species. The first was Glycine apios, for which he gave the pre-Linnaean synonym "Apios americana". ^[4] The genus name is derived from the Greek glykys, meaning 'sweet'. ^[2] Linnaeus's Glycine apios, now accepted as Apios americana , has edible roots, which were used as food by Native Americans in the United States. ^[5] In 1966, Bernard Verdcourt discovered that the designated type species of Linnaeus's genus, Glycine javanica, was actually a member of the genus Pueraria with an abnormal inflorescence. Linnaeus's eight species are now placed in seven genera other than Glycine. Verdcourt proposed that since Linnaeus's Glycine was so confused, the genus should instead be based on the species Glycine clandestina , first described by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1802. ^{[6] [2]} The proposal was agreed in 1978, and GlycineL. is a rejected name in favour of the conserved name GlycineWilld. ^[7] A consequence of the changes is that the justification for the genus name no longer exists, since none of the species with edible roots are now placed in Glycine. ^[2]

Species

As of February 2025 ^[update] , Plants of the World Online accepted 28 species. ^[1]

Subgenus Glycine ^{[8] [9]}

• Glycine albicans Tindale & Craven
• Glycine aphyonotos B.E.Pfeil
• Glycine arenaria Tindale
• Glycine argyrea Tindale
• Glycine canescens F.J.Herm.
• Glycine clandestina J.C.Wendl.
• Glycine curvata Tindale
• Glycine cyrtoloba Tindale
• Glycine dolichocarpa Tateishi & H.Ohashi
• Glycine falcata Benth.
• Glycine gracei B.E.Pfeil & Craven
• Glycine hirticaulis Tindale & Craven
• Glycine koidzumii Ohwi
• Glycine lactovirens Tindale & Craven
• Glycine latifolia (Benth.) C.Newell & Hymowitz
• Glycine latrobeana (Meissner) Benth.
• Glycine microphylla (Benth.) Tindale
• Glycine montis-douglas B.E.Pfeil & Craven
• Glycine peratosa B.E.Pfeil & Tindale
• Glycine pescadrensis Hayata
• Glycine pindanica Tindale & Craven
• Glycine pullenii B.E.Pfeil, Tindale & Craven
• Glycine remota M.D.Barrett & R.L.Barrett
• Glycine rubiginosa Tindale & B.E.Pfeil
• Glycine stenophita B.E.Pfeil & Tindale
• Glycine syndetika B.E.Pfeil & Craven
• Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.
• Glycine tomentella Hayata

Subgenus Soja (Moench) F.J. Herm.

• Glycine max (L.) Merr. (the soybean)
• Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.

References

1. Glycine Willd. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 31 August 2023
2. Hymowitz, T. & Newell, C.A. (1981). "Taxonomy of the Genus Glycine, Domestication and Uses of Soybeans". Economic Botany. 35 (3): 272–288. JSTOR   4254296.
3. "Glycine L." International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 2025-02-20.
4. Linnaeus, Carl (1753). "Glycine". Species Plantarum. Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. pp. 753–754. Retrieved 2025-02-20.
5. Carlisi, Jackie & Wollard, Dennis (2004). "History, Culture, and Nutrition of Apios americana". Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional & Medical Foods. 4 (3/4): 85–92. doi:10.1300/J133v04n03_06.
6. Verdcourt, B. (1966). "A proposal concerning Glycine L.". Taxon. 15: 34–36.
7. "Glycine Willd." International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 2025-02-20.
8. "Home — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
9. "ILDIS LegumeWeb (version 10)". ildis.org. Retrieved 2019-04-25.

Recent taxonomic references

• Barrett, R. L. and M. D. Barrett. (2015). Twenty-seven new species of vascular plants from Western Australia. Nuytsia 26, 21–87.
• Pfeil, B. E., et al. (2006). Three new species of northern Australian Glycine (Fabaceae, Phaseolae), G. gracei, G. montis-douglas and G. syndetika. Australian Systematic Botany 19, 245–258.
• Pfeil, B. E. and L. A. Craven. (2002). New taxa in Glycine (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae) from north-western Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 15, 565–573.
• Pfeil, B. E., et al. (2001). A review of the Glycine clandestina species complex (Fabaceae, Phaseoleae) reveals two new species. Australian Systematic Botany 14, 891–900.
• Pfeil, B. E. and M. D. Tindale. (2001). Glycine. in Flora of NSW, revised edition. Vol. 2. Harden, G. (ed.). Sydney, NSW University Press.
• Doyle, J. J., et al. (2000). Confirmation of shared and divergent genomes in the Glycine tabacina polyploid complex (Leguminosae) using histone H3-D sequences. Systematic Botany 25, 437–448.
• Tindale, M. D. and L. A. Craven. (1993). Glycine pindanica (Fabaceae: Phaseolae), a new species from west Kimberley, Western Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 6, 371–376.
• Tindale, M. D. and L. A. Craven. (1988). Three new species of Glycine (Fabaceae: Phaseolae) from North-western Australia, with notes on amphicarpy in the genus. Australian Systematic Botany 1, 399–410.
• Tindale, M. D. (1986). Taxonomic notes on three Australian and Norfolk Island species of Glycine Willd. (Fabaceae: Phaseolae) including the choice of a neotype for G. clandestina Wendl. Brunonia 9, 179–191.
• Tindale, M. D. (1984). Two new eastern Australian species of Glycine Willd. (Fabaceae). Brunonia 7, 207–213.
• Newell, C. A. and T. Hymowitz. (1980). A taxonomic revision on the genus Glycine subgenus Glycine (Leguminosae). Brittonia 32, 63–69.
• Hermann, F. J. (1962). A revision of the genus Glycine and its immediate allies. Tech. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1268.

Older taxonomic references

• Hayata. (1920). Ic. Pl. Formos. 9: 29.
• Bentham, G. (1864). Glycine. Fl. Austral. 2: 242–245.