HD 38529

Last updated
HD 38529 A/B
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Orion [1]
HD 38529 A
Right ascension 05h 46m 34.91314s [2]
Declination +01° 10′ 05.5029″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)+5.95 [3]
HD 38529 B
Right ascension 05h 46m 19.37663s [4]
Declination +01° 12′ 47.2640″ [4]
Apparent magnitude  (V)+13.35 [5]
Characteristics
Spectral type G4IV [3] / M3.0V [5]
B−V color index 0.773 [3] / 0.46[ citation needed ]
Astrometry
HD 38529 A
Radial velocity (Rv)30.19±0.12 [2] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: −77.806 mas/yr [2]
Dec.: −141.363 mas/yr [2]
Parallax (π)23.5714±0.0422  mas [2]
Distance 138.4 ± 0.2  ly
(42.42 ± 0.08  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)+2.81 [3]
HD 38529 B
Radial velocity (Rv)30.94±0.43 [4] km/s
Proper motion (μ)RA: −78.612 mas/yr [4]
Dec.: −142.084 mas/yr [4]
Parallax (π)23.7139±0.0168  mas [4]
Distance 137.54 ± 0.10  ly
(42.17 ± 0.03  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)+10.23[ citation needed ]
Details
HD 38529 A
Mass 1.479±0.037 [6]   M☉
Radius 2.678±0.026 [6]   R☉
Luminosity 6.16±0.15 [6]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.83±0.06 [7]   cgs
Temperature 5619±44 [7]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.38±0.03 [7]   dex
Rotation 37.0±0.4  d [7]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3.20±0.50 [7]  km/s
Age 3.07±0.39 [6]   Gyr
HD 38529 B
Mass 0.494 [8]   M☉
Radius 0.496 [8]   R☉
Luminosity0.033 [8]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.74 [8]   cgs
Temperature 3,487 [8]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.39 [9]   dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)17 [9]  km/s
Other designations
RAG 1, WDS J05466+0110AB [10]
HD 38529 A: BD+01°1126, HIP 27253, HR 1988, WDS J05466+0110A [11]
HD 38529 B: WDS J05466+0110B, LP 598-99, 2MASS J05461937+0112471 [12]
Database references
SIMBAD A
B
Exoplanet Archive data

HD 38529 (138 G. Orionis) [13] is a binary star system approximately 138 light-years away in the constellation of Orion.

Contents

HD 38529 A

HD 38529 A is a yellow subgiant star of spectral type G4IV, [14] though it has also been classified as a main sequence dwarf of type G4V [5] and a borderline giant star of type G8III/IV. [15] It is about 48% more massive than the Sun. [6]

Two substellar companions are known in orbit around this star, including one with a mass near the deuterium fusion limit that is often used as the dividing line between giant planets and brown dwarfs. There is a debris disk located at least 86 astronomical units from the star. [16] Its orbit is probably mildly misaligned with the planetary orbits, by 21−45°. [17]

Planetary system

In 2001, the planet HD 38529 b was discovered orbiting the star HD 38529 A by Debra Fischer and collaborators who detected it using the Doppler spectroscopy technique. [14] It has a mass at least 78% that of Jupiter and orbits very close to the star, just beyond the distance limit for hot Jupiters. It does not transit the star. [7]

In 2003, a massive superjovian HD 38529 c was found orbiting at 3.68 AU with a minimum mass of 12.7 Jupiter masses. [3] Astrometric measurements from the Hipparcos satellite gave a best fit inclination of 160° and a true mass 37 times that of Jupiter, turning this planet into a brown dwarf. [18]

Further study of the system using Hubble Space Telescope astrometry revised the mass of HD 38529 c downwards to 17.7 Jupiter masses and suggested the presence of an additional planet, orbiting in the gap between HD 38529 b and c. [19] The possible third planet was refuted after additional radial velocity measurements were collected. [7] Subsequent astrometric studies have found masses for HD 38529 c ranging from just 10.4 MJ [20] to 18 MJ, [17] with the most recent value as of 2025 being 12.9 MJ. [21]

The HD 38529 A planetary system [a]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≥0.8047±0.0139  MJ 0.1278±0.000614.30978±0.000330.259±0.016——
c12.93+0.70
−0.49  MJ 		3.604+0.043
−0.042		2127.8+3.3
−3.2		0.3507+0.0057
−0.0051		104.2+8.9
−11 ° 		—
Debris disk 46+38
−27–208±54 AU 		71+10
−7 ° 		—

HD 38529 B

HD 38529 B is a common proper motion stellar companion to HD 38529 A at a projected distance of about ~12000 astronomical units. The star is a red dwarf of spectral type M3.0V. [5] Wide binary stars such as HD 38529 AB have been shown to be vulnerable to disruption by galactic tides and perturbations by passing stars. [22]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ HD 38529 b: Xuan et al. (2020) [17]
    HD 38529 c: Feng et al. (2025) [21]
    Debris disk: Henry et al. (2013) [7]

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi: 10.1086/132034 . Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2003). "A Planetary Companion to HD 40979 and Additional Planets Orbiting HD 12661 and HD 38529". The Astrophysical Journal. 586 (2): 1394–1408. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...586.1394F . doi: 10.1086/367889 .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Raghavan, Deepak; et al. (2006). "Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (1): 523–542. arXiv: astro-ph/0603836 . Bibcode: 2006ApJ...646..523R . doi: 10.1086/504823 .
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Ball, Warrick H.; Chaplin, William J.; Nielsen, Martin B.; González-Cuesta, Lucia; Mathur, Savita; Santos, Ângela R G.; García, Rafael; Buzasi, Derek; Mosser, Benoît; Deal, Morgan; Stokholm, Amalie; Mosumgaard, Jakob Rørsted; Silva Aguirre, Victor; Nsamba, Benard; Campante, Tiago; Cunha, Margarida S.; Ong, Joel; Basu, Sarbani; Örtel, Sibel; Çelik Orhan, Z.; Yıldız, Mutlu; Stassun, Keivan; Kane, Stephen R.; Huber, Daniel (2020). "Robust asteroseismic properties of the bright planet host HD 38529". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (4): 6084–6093. arXiv: 2010.07323 . Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.6084B. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3190 . S2CID   222378164.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Henry, Gregory W.; et al. (2013). "Host Star Properties and Transit Exclusion for the HD 38529 Planetary System". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2). 155. arXiv: 1303.4735 . Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768..155H . doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/155 .
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Stassun, Keivan G.; et al. (2019). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (4): 138. arXiv: 1905.10694 . Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467 .
  9. 1 2 Kuznetsov, M. K.; Del Burgo, C.; Pavlenko, Ya. V.; Frith, J. (2019). "Characterization of a Sample of Southern M Dwarfs Using Harps and X-shooter Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 878 (2): 134. Bibcode:2019ApJ...878..134K. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1fe9 .
  10. ↑ "WDS J05466+0110AB". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2019-09-07.
  11. ↑ "HD 38529". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  12. ↑ "HD 38529 B". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  13. ↑ Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1879). "Uranometria Argentina catalog of bright southern stars". Resultados del Observatorio Nacional Argentino en Cordoba. 1. Buenos Aires. Bibcode:1879RNAO....1.....G . Retrieved 2012-05-08.
  14. 1 2 Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2001). "Planetary Companions to HD 12661, HD 92788, and HD 38529 and Variations in Keplerian Residuals of Extrasolar Planets". The Astrophysical Journal. 551 (2): 1107–1118. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...551.1107F . doi: 10.1086/320224 .
  15. ↑ Houk, N.; Swift, C. (1999). "Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars, Vol. 5". Michigan Spectral Survey. 5. Bibcode:1999MSS...C05....0H.
  16. ↑ Hillenbrand, Lynne A.; et al. (2008). "The Complete Census of 70 μm-bright Debris Disks within "the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems" Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 677 (1): 630–656. arXiv: 0801.0163 . Bibcode: 2008ApJ...677..630H . doi: 10.1086/529027 .
  17. 1 2 3 Xuan, Jerry W.; Kennedy, Grant M.; Wyatt, Mark C.; Yelverton, Ben (2020). "Mutual inclinations between giant planets and their debris discs in HD 113337 and HD 38529". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (4): 5059–5074. arXiv: 2010.02961 . Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.5059X. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa3155 . S2CID   222177269.
  18. ↑ Reffert, S.; Quirrenbach, A. (2006). "Hipparcos astrometric orbits for two brown dwarf companions: HD 38529 and HD 168443". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 449 (2): 699–702. Bibcode: 2006A&A...449..699R . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20054611 . hdl: 1887/7483 .
  19. ↑ Benedict, G. Fritz; et al. (2010). "The Mass of HD 38529c from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-precision Radial Velocities". The Astronomical Journal. 139 (5): 1844–1856. arXiv: 1003.0421 . Bibcode: 2010AJ....139.1844B . doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1844 .
  20. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 262 (21): 21. arXiv: 2208.12720 . Bibcode:2022ApJS..262...21F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 . S2CID   251864022.
  21. 1 2 Feng, Fabo; Xiao, Guang-Yao; et al. (April 2025). "Lessons learned from the detection of wide companions by radial velocity and astrometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . arXiv: 2412.14542 .
  22. ↑ Correa-Otto, J. A.; Gil-Hutton, R. A. (2017). "Galactic perturbations on the population of wide binary stars with exoplanets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 608. A116. arXiv: 1710.00766 . Bibcode: 2017A&A...608A.116C . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731229 . hdl:11336/41265.
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