Hardenbergia violacea

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Hardenbergia violacea
Wild-growing-Hardenbergia-violacea-2.jpeg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Hardenbergia
Species:
H. violacea
Binomial name
Hardenbergia violacea
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Caulinia bimaculata(Curtis) Kuntze nom. illeg.
    • Caulinia monophylla(Vent.) F.Muell.
    • Caulinia monophylla(Vent.) F.Muell. var. monophylla
    • Glycine bimaculataCurtis
    • Glycine monophylla(Vent.) J.L.Parm. nom. illeg.
    • Glycine violaceaSchneev.
    • Glycine virens Sol. ex Curtis nom. inval., pro syn.
    • Glycine virensSol. ex Steud. nom. inval., pro syn.
    • Hardenbergia bimaculata(Curtis) Domin
    • Hardenbergia bimaculata(Curtis) Domin var. bimaculata
    • Hardenbergia bimaculata var. longiracemosa(Lodd.) Domin
    • Hardenbergia bimaculata var. typicaDomin nom. inval.
    • Hardenbergia monophylla(Vent.) Benth.
    • Hardenbergia monophylla var. longiracemosa(Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd.) F.M.Bailey
    • Hardenbergia monophylla(Vent.) Benth. var. monophylla
    • Hardenbergia violacea f. albaStearn
    • Hardenbergia violacea f. roseaStearn
    • Hardenbergia violacea(Schneev.) Stearn f. violacea
    • Kennedia bimaculata Siebert & Voss nom. inval., pro syn.
    • Kennedia longiracemosa(Lindl.) Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd.
    • Kennedia monophyllaVent.
    • Kennedia monophylla var. bimaculata(Curtis) Heynh.
    • Kennedia monophylla var. longiracemosaLindl.
    • Kennedia monophyllaVent. var. monophylla
    • Kennedya bimaculata Maund orth. var.
    • Kennedya monophyllaHeynh. orth. var.
    • Kennedya monophylla var. bimaculataHeynh. orth. var.
    • Kennedya monophylla var. longiracemosaLindl.

Hardenbergia violacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is known in Australia by the common names false sarsaparilla, purple coral pea, and waraburra. [2] Elsewhere it is also called purple twining-pea, vine-lilac, and wild sarsaparilla. [3] It is a prostrate or climbing subshrub with egg-shaped to narrow lance-shaped leaves and racemes of mostly purple flowers.

Contents

Illustration by Edward Minchen in Joseph Maiden's The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales, as Hardenbergia monophylla Hardenbergia monophylla.jpg
Illustration by Edward Minchen in Joseph Maiden's The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales, as Hardenbergia monophylla
Blossom detail Hardenbergia violacea HC1.JPG
Blossom detail

Description

Hardenbergia violacea is a prostrate or climbing sub-shrub with wiry stems up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) or more long. The leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 10–50 mm (0.39–1.97 in) wide on a petiole about 10 mm (0.39 in) long. The leaves are leathery, glabrous and paler on the lower surface. [2] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

The flowers are arranged in racemes of between twenty and forty flowers, each on a pedicel mostly 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long. The sepals are 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and joined at the base, forming a bell-shaped tube with triangular teeth. The petals are about 8 mm (0.31 in) long, mostly purple, the standard petal with a yellowish spot and a notch on the summit, the wings are egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base and the keel is curved. Flowering mostly occurs from August to November and the fruit is a pod 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) long containing between six and eight kidney-shaped seeds. The flowers are usually purple or violet, but pink, white and other colours sometimes occur. [2] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

H. violacea regrows from its roots after fire. [10] The roots were experimented with by early European settlers as a substitute for sarsaparilla. [10]

Taxonomy

False sarsaparilla was first formally described in 1793 by George Voorhelm Schneevoogt who gave it the name Glycine violacea in his book, Icones Plantarum Rariorum. [11] [12] In 1940, William T. Stearn transferred the species to Hardenbergia as H. violacea in the Journal of Botany, British and Foreign . [13] [14]

Distribution and habitat

Hardenbergia violacea grows in a variety of habitats but is more common in open forests, woodlands and undisturbed areas, from sea level to about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. It occurs in eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria and southern South Australia. There is a single population in Tasmania, where the species is listed as "endangered" under the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 . [2] [5] [6] [7]

Use in horticulture

Hardenbergia violacea is widely grown as a garden plant, with many cultivars now available. [8] It is hardy in mild and coastal areas of the United Kingdom where temperatures do not fall below −5 °C (23 °F), but it does require a sheltered, south or west facing situation. Alternatively it may be grown indoors with full daylight, for instance in an unheated conservatory or greenhouse. It has been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [15] [16]

The seeds of H. violacea remain viable for many years and propagation is from seeds that have been treated by adding boiling water to them or by abrading the seed coat. Plants prefer full sun in well-drained soil, are moderately frost-tolerant and respond well to pruning. [8] [17]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hardenbergia</i> Genus of legumes

Hardenbergia is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are climbing or trailing herbs or subshrubs with pinnate leaves with one, three or five leaflets and groups of violet, white or pinkish flowers in pairs or small clusters in leaf axils. Species of Hardenbergia occur in all Australian states and in the Australian Capital Territory.

<i>Kennedia rubicunda</i> Species of legume

Kennedia rubicunda, commonly known as the dusky coral pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern continental Australia. It is a twining or prostrate herb with trifoliate leaves and dark red or purple flowers.

<i>Goodenia hederacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Goodenia hederacea, commonly known as forest goodenia or ivy goodenia, is a species of flowering plant that is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate to ascending, perennial herb with linear to elliptic or round leaves, and racemes of yellow flowers.

<i>Swainsona behriana</i> Species of plant

Swainsona behriana, commonly known as Behr's swainsona, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is a prostrate or low-growing perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves usually with 9 to 13 narrowly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of 2 to 7 purple flowers.

<i>Pultenaea densifolia</i> Species of legume

Pultenaea densifolia, commonly known as dense-leaved bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It is a spreading or low-lying shrub with broadly egg-shaped, down-curved leaves and clusters of purple or yellow, red and purple flowers.

<i>Prostanthera denticulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Prostanthera denticulata, commonly known as rough mint-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to coastal New South Wales. It is a straggling to almost prostrate, aromatic shrub with narrow egg-shaped leaves and purple to mauve flowers arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets.

<i>Hardenbergia comptoniana</i> Species of legume

Hardenbergia comptoniana is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, native to Western Australia. It is known as native wisteria, a name also used for Austrocallerya megasperma. A twining vine, it produces purple flowers in the Southern Hemisphere spring. It is found on sand dunes and sand plains, and in open forest, on sand- or clay-based soils. It is readily cultivated in the garden, where it does best in a part-shaded position.

<i>Melaleuca violacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Melaleuca violacea is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, straggly, prostrate to semi-prostrate shrub with purple flowers and star-shaped fruit.

<i>Zanthoxylum pinnatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Zanthoxylum pinnatum, commonly known as yellow wood, is a species of flowering plant of the family Rutaceae native to Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. It is a tree with pinnate leaves, white male and female flowers arranged in groups in leaf axils, and spherical, purple follicles containing a single black seed.

<i>Lobelia anceps</i> Species of flowering plant

Lobelia anceps, commonly known as angled lobelia, is a small herbaceous plant in the family Campanulaceae it grows in several states of Australia, New Zealand, South America and South Africa. It is a small, perennial herb with blue to purple flowers.

<i>Pultenaea villosa</i> Species of legume

Pultenaea villosa, commonly known as hairy bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub with softly-hairy foliage, narrow elliptic to linear, oblong to club-shaped leaves, and yellow-orange and reddish-brown, pea-like flowers.

Goodenia centralis is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to central Australia. It is a prostrate, annual herb with coarsely toothed, spatula-shaped to egg-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and racemes of yellow flowers with purple veins.

<i>Goodenia glabra</i> Species of plant

Goodenia glabra, commonly known as shiny pansy or smooth goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to drier inland areas of Australia. It is a prostrate to low-lying herb with lobed, oblong to egg-shaped leaves, and racemes of yellow flowers with purplish markings.

<i>Hibbertia acicularis</i> Species of flowering plant

Hibbertia acicularis, commonly known as prickly guinea-flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Dilleniaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect or prostrate shrub with linear to lance-shaped leaves and yellow flowers arranged singly in leaf axils with the six to eight stamens joined at the base, in a single cluster.

<i>Pultenaea dentata</i> Species of legume

Pultenaea dentata, commonly known as clustered bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect to low-lying or prostrate, open shrub with elliptic to narrow egg-shaped leaves and dense clusters of yellow, red and purple flowers.

<i>Pultenaea linophylla</i> Species of flowering plant

Pultenaea linophylla, commonly known as halo bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect or prostrate shrub with spreading branches, linear to elliptic or wedge-shaped leaves, and yellow to orange and red to purple flowers.

<i>Pultenaea prostrata</i> Species of plant

Pultenaea prostrata, commonly known as silky bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a small, rigid, wiry, low-lying or prostrate shrub with cylindrical leaves, and yellow, red and purple-brown flowers.

Hardenbergia perbrevidens is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a twiner with slender stems, trifoliate leaves with narrowly egg-shaped to narrowly elliptic leaflets, and racemes of deep mauve to purple flowers with yellow marks.

<i>Swainsona swainsonioides</i> Species of plant


Swainsona swainsonioides commonly known as downy Swainson-pea or downy Darling pea,is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is a small perennial herb with purple flowers and grows in eastern states of Australia.

<i>Swainsona brachycarpa</i> Species of plant

Swainsona brachycarpa, commonly known as slender swainson-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a prostrate or ascending perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves usually with 9 to 13 egg-shaped to narrowly elliptic or egg-shaped leaflets, and racemes of up to 12 white, purple or dark red flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Hardenbergia violacea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 C. Gardner. "New South Wales Flora Online: Hardenbergia violacea". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
  3. ↑ "Hardenbergia violacea". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  4. ↑ Maiden, Joseph (1896). The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales. Sydney: NSW Government Printing Office. p. 54. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Jeanes, Jeff A. "Hardenbergia violacea". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 "Hardenbergia violacea". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 "Hardenbergia violacea" (PDF). Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) (ANPSA): Hardenbergia violacea" . Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  9. 1 2 Wood, Betty. "Hardenbergia violacea". Lucid Keys. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  10. 1 2 False (or Native) Sarsaparilla Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , Paddock Plants, NSW Department of Primary Industries (2010).
  11. ↑ "Glycine violacea". APNI. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  12. ↑ Schneevoogt, George V. (1793). Icones Plantarum Rariorum. p. 29. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  13. ↑ "Hardenbergia violacea". APNI. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  14. ↑ Stearn, William T. (1940). "Bibliographical Notes. Schneevoogt and Schwegman's Icones Plantarum Rariorum" (PDF). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 78: 70. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  15. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Hardenbergia violacea" . Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  16. ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  17. ↑ "Hardenbergia". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 September 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
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