Helenium amarum

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Helenium amarum
Helenium amarum1.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Helenium
Species:
H. amarum
Binomial name
Helenium amarum
Synonyms [2] [3]
  • Gaillardia amaraRaf.
  • Galardia amaraRaf.
  • Helenium badium(A.Gray ex S.Watson) Greene

Helenium amarum is a species of annual herb in the daisy family known by the common names yellowdicks, yellow sneezeweed, fiveleaf sneezeweed, and bitter sneezeweed. It is native to much of the south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, New Mexico) [4] and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila), [5] and it is present elsewhere in North America, Australia, and the West Indies as an introduced species. [4] [6] [7] [8]

Helenium amarum is a multibranched bushy erect plant reaching 20 to 70 centimeters (8-28 inches) in height and thickly foliated in narrow to threadlike leaves. The tops of stem branches hold inflorescences of many daisy-like flower heads. Each head has a rounded center of sometimes as many as 250 golden yellow disc florets and a fringe of 8-10 usually lighter yellow ray florets which are reflexed away from the center. The fruit is a tiny achene about a millimeter long. This herb is weedy in some areas. [5]

The plant is somewhat toxic to mammals [9] and insects [10] due to the presence of the lactone tenulin.

Varieties [2] [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Gaillardia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Gaillardia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies. Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.

<i>Rudbeckia hirta</i> Species of flowering plant

Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed Susan, is a North American flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Eastern and Central North America and naturalized in the Western part of the continent as well as in China. It has now been found in all 10 Canadian Provinces and all 48 of the states in the contiguous United States.

<i>Helenium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Helenium is a genus of annuals and herbaceous perennial plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Americas.

<i>Hymenoxys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Hymenoxys is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America. It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.

<i>Heterotheca</i> Genus of plants

Heterotheca, are North American plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Helenium autumnale</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium autumnale is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include common sneezeweed and large-flowered sneezeweed.

<i>Helenium bigelovii</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium bigelovii is a North American perennial plant in the sunflower family, commonly known as Bigelow's sneezeweed. It grows in moist areas such as meadows, marshes, or streamsides. It is found at moderate and higher elevations (3000-10,000 ft) in the foothills and mountains of California and Oregon: Cascades, Coast Ranges, Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada, etc. Cultivars of the species are used in gardening as ornamentals.

<i>Symphyotrichum laeve</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central and eastern North America

Symphyotrichum laeve is a flowering plant native to Canada, the United States, and Coahuila (Mexico). It has the common names of smooth blue aster, smooth aster, smooth-leaved aster, glaucous Michaelmas-daisy and glaucous aster.

<i>Chaetopappa</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chaetopappa is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae which are known generally as leastdaisies.

<i>Erigeron strigosus</i> Species of plant

Erigeron strigosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names prairie fleabane, common eastern fleabane, and daisy fleabane.

<i>Helenium bolanderi</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium bolanderi is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name coastal sneezeweed. It is native to southern Oregon and northern California as far south as Mendocino County, primarily along the seacoast.

<i>Helenium puberulum</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium puberulum is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name rosilla. It is native to California and Baja California, where it can be found in moist habitats such as riverbanks and meadows. It has also been found in Oregon, although these might possibly be naturalized populations.

<i>Helianthus maximiliani</i> Species of sunflower

Helianthus maximiliani is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name Maximilian sunflower.

<i>Hymenoxys odorata</i> Species of flowering plant

Hymenoxys odorata is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names bitter rubberweed and western bitterweed. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States from southern California to Texas north as far as Kansas and Colorado, as well as northern Mexico. It grows in dry regions.

<i>Helenium flexuosum</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium flexuosum is a North American plant species in the daisy family known by the common name purple sneezeweed. It is widespread across much of eastern and central United States and Canada, from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Minnesota, and Kansas, south to Florida, Louisiana, and eastern Texas.

<i>Tetraneuris acaulis</i>

Tetraneuris acaulis is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. Common names include angelita daisy, stemless four-nerve daisy, stemless hymenoxys, butte marigold, and stemless rubberweed.

<i>Machaeranthera asteroides</i> Species of flowering plant

Machaeranthera asteroides, the fall tansyaster, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

<i>Helenium drummondii</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium drummondii is a species of perennial plant in the Sunflower Family, commonly known as fringed sneezeweed. It is native to the south- central United States, in eastern Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana.

<i>Helenium elegans</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium elegans is a North American perennial plant in the sunflower family, commonly known as pretty sneezeweed. It is native to the south-central United States and to northeastern Mexico.

<i>Helenium microcephalum</i> Species of flowering plant

Helenium microcephalum is a North American perennial plant in the sunflower family, commonly known as smallhead sneezeweed. It is found in the southwestern and south-central United States and northern Mexico.

References

  1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  2. 1 2 "Helenium amarum". The Plant List . Missouri Botanical Garden. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  3. "Gaillardia amara". Tropicos . Missouri Botanical Garden.
  4. 1 2 "Helenium amarum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 Bierner, Mark W. (2006). "Helenium amarum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
  7. Tropicos, specimen listing for Helenium amarum (Raf.) H. Rock
  8. Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bitter weed (Helenium amarum)
  9. Ivie, G. W., et al. (1975). Toxicity and milk bittering properties of tenulin, the major sesquiterpene lactone constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed). J Agric Food Chem 23:5 845-9.
  10. Arnason, J. T., et al. (1987). Mode of action of the sesquiterpene lactone, tenulin, from Helenium amarum against herbivorous insects. J Nat Prod 50:4 690-5.