Huayangosauridae

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Huayangosaurids
Temporal range: Callovian to Barremian/Aptian boundary line, 165–121  Ma
HuayangosaurusTaibaii-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg
Holotype skull of Huayangosaurus taibaii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Thyreophora
Clade: Stegosauria
Family: Huayangosauridae
Dong et al., 1982 [1]
Genera [2]
Synonyms
  • HuayangosaurinaeDong et al., 1982

Huayangosauridae (derived from Huayangosaurus , "Huayang reptile") is a family of stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Jurassic of China. [1] The group is defined as all taxa closer to the namesake genus Huayangosaurus than Stegosaurus , and was originally named as the family Huayangosaurinae by Dong Zhiming and colleagues in the description of Huayangosaurus. [1] [2] Huayangosaurinae was originally differentiated by the remaining taxa within Stegosauridae by the presence of teeth in the premaxilla , an antorbital fenestra , and a mandibular fenestra . Huayangosaurinae, known from the Middle Jurassic of the Shaximiao Formation, was proposed to be intermediate between Scelidosaurinae and Stegosaurinae, suggesting that the origins of stegosaurs lay in Asia. [1] Following phylogenetic analyses, Huayangosauridae was expanded to also include the taxon Chungkingosaurus , known from specimens from younger Late Jurassic deposits of the Shaximiao Formation. [3] Huayangosauridae is either the sister taxon to all other stegosaurs, [3] [4] or close to the origin of the clade, with taxa like Gigantspinosaurus or Isaberrysaura outside the Stegosauridae-Huayangosauridae split. [2] [4] Huayangosauridae was formally defined in 2021 by Daniel Madzia and colleagues, who used the previous definitions of all taxa closer to Huayangosaurus taibaii than Stegosaurus stenops , and chose the 2020 phylogeny of Susannah Maidment et al. to illustrate the relationships of the clade: [2] [5]

Stegosauria

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thyreophora</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Thyreophora is a group of armored ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Early Jurassic until the end of the Cretaceous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankylosauria</span> Extinct order of dinosaurs

Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the clade Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to turtles. Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds, with short, powerful limbs. They are known to have first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and persisted until the end of the Cretaceous Period. The two main families of Ankylosaurs, Nodosauridae and Ankylosauridae are primarily known from the Northern Hemisphere, but the more basal Parankylosauria are known from southern Gondwana during the Cretaceous.

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<i>Chialingosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Chialingosaurus is a genus of herbivorous stegosaurian dinosaur similar to Kentrosaurus from the Upper Shaximiao Formation, Late Jurassic beds in Sichuan Province in China. Its age makes it one of the oldest species of stegosaurs, living about 160 million years ago. Since it was an herbivore, scientists think that Chialingosaurus probably ate ferns and cycads, which were plentiful during the period when Chialingosaurus was alive.

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<i>Huayangosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Huayangosaurus is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. The name derives from "Huayang" (華陽), an alternate name for Sichuan, and "saurus", meaning "lizard". It lived during the Bathonian to Callovian stages, around 165 million years ago, some 20 million years before its famous relative, Stegosaurus appeared in North America. At only approximately 4 metres (13 ft) long, it was also much smaller than its famous cousin. Found in the Lower Shaximiao Formation, Huayangosaurus shared the local Middle Jurassic landscape with the sauropods Shunosaurus, Datousaurus, Omeisaurus and Protognathosaurus, the ornithopod Xiaosaurus and the carnivorous Gasosaurus.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nodosauridae</span> Extinct family of armored dinosaurs

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<i>Paranthodon</i> Stegosaurian dinosaur genus from Early Cretaceous South Africa

Paranthodon is a genus of stegosaurian dinosaur that lived in what is now South Africa during the Early Cretaceous, between 139 and 131 million years ago. Discovered in 1845, it was one of the first stegosaurians found. Its only remains, a partial skull, isolated teeth, and fragments of vertebrae, were found in the Kirkwood Formation. British paleontologist Richard Owen initially identified the fragments as those of the pareiasaur Anthodon. After remaining untouched for years in the British Museum of Natural History, the partial skull was identified by South African paleontologist Robert Broom as belonging to a different genus; he named the specimen Palaeoscincus africanus. Several years later, Hungarian paleontologist Franz Nopcsa, unaware of Broom's new name, similarly concluded that it represented a new taxon, and named it Paranthodon owenii. Since Nopcsa's species name was assigned after Broom's, and Broom did not assign a new genus, both names are now synonyms of the current binomial, Paranthodon africanus. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek para (near) with the genus name Anthodon, to represent the initial referral of the remains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stegosauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Stegosauria is a group of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and early Cretaceous periods. Stegosaurian fossils have been found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, predominantly in what is now North America, Europe, Africa, South America and Asia. Their geographical origins are unclear; the earliest unequivocal stegosaurian, Bashanosaurus primitivus, was found in the Bathonian Shaximiao Formation of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stegosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Stegosauridae is a family of thyreophoran dinosaurs within the suborder Stegosauria. The clade is defined as all species of dinosaurs more closely related to Stegosaurus than Huayangosaurus. The name ‘Stegosauridae’ is thus a stem-based name taken from the well-represented genus – Stegosaurus. Fossil evidence of stegosaurids, dating from the Middle Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous, have been recovered from North America, Eurasia and Africa.

<i>Chungkingosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of stegosaur research</span>

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<i>Isaberrysaura</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Isaberrysaura is a genus of stegosaurian ornithischian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Los Molles Formation of Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains a single species, I. mollensis, described by Salgado et al. in 2017 from a single specimen. Although initially classified as a basal neornithischian, subsequent analysis has allied it with the Stegosauria; the morphology of its skull resembles those of other members of the group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Susannah Maidment</span> English palaeontologist

Susannah "Susie" Catherine Rose Maidment is a British palaeontologist at the Natural History Museum, London. She is internationally recognised for her research on ornithischian dinosaur evolution, and was awarded the 2016 Hodson Award of the Palaeontological Association and the 2017 Lyell Fund of the Geological Society of London. She was featured as a 2019 National Geographic Women of Impact.

<i>Bashanosaurus</i> Extinct genus of stegosaurian dinosaurs

Bashanosaurus is an extinct genus of stegosaurian dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Yunyang County, China. The genus contains a single species, Bashanosaurus primitivus, known from incomplete skeletons belonging to three individuals. It is one of the basalmost stegosaurs, as well as one of the oldest known stegosaurs, along with Adratiklit, Isaberrysaura, and Thyreosaurus.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Dong, Z.; Tang, Z.; Zhou, S.W. (1982). "四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群简报1.剑龙" [Note on the new Mid-Jurassic stegosaur from Sichuan Basin, China](PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese (China)). 20 (1): 83–87.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021). "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs". PeerJ. 9: e12362. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12362 . PMC   8667728 . PMID   34966571.
  3. 1 2 Maidment, S.C.R.; Norman, D.B.; Barrett, P.M.; Upchurch, P. (2008). "Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 6 (4): 367–407. doi:10.1017/S1477201908002459. S2CID   85673680.
  4. 1 2 Maidment, S.C.R. (2010). "Stegosauria: a historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships". Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 103 (Supplement 2, Symposium on Stegosauria): 199–210. doi:10.1007/s00015-010-0023-3. S2CID   84415016.
  5. Maidment, S.C.R.; Raven, T.J.; Ouarhache, D.; Barrett, P.M. (2020). "North Africa's first stegosaur: Implications for Gondwanan thyreophoran dinosaur diversity". Gondwana Research. 77: 82–97. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.007. hdl: 10141/622706 . S2CID   202188261.