Infundibulicybe gibba

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Infundibulicybe gibba
Clitocybe gibba 060820w.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: incertae sedis
Genus: Infundibulicybe
Species:
I. gibba
Binomial name
Infundibulicybe gibba
(Pers.) Harmaja (2003)
Synonyms
Infundibulicybe gibba
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Infundibuliform cap icon.svg Cap is infundibuliform
Decurrent gills icon2.svg Hymenium is decurrent
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Edible.pngMycomorphbox Caution.pngEdibility is edible but not recommended

Infundibulicybe gibba (also known as Clitocybe gibba), and commonly known as the common funnel [1] or funnel cap, [2] is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.

Contents

Taxonomy

The epithet gibba comes from the Latin adjective "gibbus", meaning "humped" or "gibbous". [3]

This species was originally described by the mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801 as Agaricus gibbus, at a time when gilled mushrooms were generally all assigned to genus Agaricus. [4] In 1871, Paul Kummer allocated the species to the genus Clitocybe , which previously (according to the system of Elias Magnus Fries) had only been a tribe within genus Agaricus. [5]

In 2003 Harri Harmaja created the new genus Infundibulicybe for some of the larger members of the former Clitocybe and he included I. gibba as the type species. [6] [7] [4] [8]

Clitocybe catinus

Infundibulicybe catinus Infundibulicybe catinus 52206.jpg
Infundibulicybe catinus

Clitocybe catinus is described as differing from C. gibba by having white cap with occasionally some pink tonality and its slight smell of flour. [9]

Harmaja (2003) gave it[ clarification needed ] a new name, Infundibulicybe catinus. [8]

Vizzini et al. (2011) listed it[ clarification needed ] a color variant of Infundibulicybe gibba. [10]

Clitocybe infundibuliformis

The older name Clitocybe infundibuliformis is often identified as a synonym of I. gibba, [11] [12] [7] but according to Species Fungorum that use was incorrect and the original C. infundibuliformis was a different taxon. [4]

Etymology

The name infundibuliformis derives from the Latin "infundibulum", a funnel, with the suffix "-formis" - so it means "funnel-shaped". [13]

Description

The matt slightly felted cap grows from about 3 to 9 centimetres (1+14 to 3+12 in), and is beige to tan, also sometimes with a pink tinge. [14] It may have a small depression in the centre and soon becomes funnel-shaped. [2]

There is no ring or other veil remnant. The stem is white or whitish and about 2–8 cm long and 1 cm in diameter. [14]

The white gills are crowded and very decurrent (running down the stem). [14]

It has a faint "cyanic" smell, like new-mown hay, and the flavour is mild, but the central European variety adstringens has an unpleasant taste. [12]

The tear-shaped spores are white [14] and around 5.5–8  μm by 4–5 μm. The spore print is white. [2]

Similar species

The species resembles Infundibulicybe squamulosa , Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis , [14] Bonomyces sinopicus , and Singerocybe adirondackensis . [15]

Distribution and habitat

This gregarious saprobic mushroom grows on soil in deciduous or (less commonly) coniferous [2] woods and may be found from summer to autumn. It sometimes forms fairy rings.

It is very common throughout Europe, and occurs in North America and Japan. [16] [12]

Uses

It is edible when young, but said to be of mediocre quality. It can be fried or used in risottos or soups etc. The stems are tough and may be discarded. [17] [11] [1] The species resembles some which are poisonous. [14]

An extract of I. gibba exhibits inhibitory activity on thrombin. [18]

References

  1. 1 2 "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm. - Common Funnel". First Nature. Pat O'Reilly. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 157. ISBN   978-0-89815-170-1.
  3. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "gibbus". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  4. 1 2 3 "Infundibulicybe gibba page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
  5. Kummer, Paul (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde ... [The Guide to Mycology ...] (in German). Zerbst: E. Luppe. p. 123.
  6. Eyssartier, G.; Roux, P. (2013). Le guide des champignons France et Europe (in French). Belin. p. 572. ISBN   978-2-7011-8289-6.
  7. 1 2 Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2018). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gasteroid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 469. ISBN   978-87-983961-3-0.
  8. 1 2 Harmaja H (2003). "Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales)". Annales Botanici Fennici. 40 (1): 213–218.
  9. "Infundibulicybe gibba". Funghi in Italia - Fiori in Italia - Forum Micologia e Botanica. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  10. Vizzini A, Contu M, Musumeci E, Ercole E (2011). "A new taxon in the Infundibulicybe gibba complex (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from Sardinia (Italy)". Mycologia. 103 (1): 203–208. doi:10.3852/10-137. hdl: 2318/76272 . PMID   20943527.
  11. 1 2 Bon, Marcel (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 134. ISBN   0-340-39935-X.
  12. 1 2 3 Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 212. ISBN   978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
  13. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "infundĭbŭlum". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
  15. Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 481. ISBN   978-0-593-31998-7.
  16. "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. OECD . Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  17. "Clitocybe gibba". Asociación Micológica El Royo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-07-28.
  18. Doljak, B.; Stegnar, M.; Urleb, U.; Kreft, S.; Umek, A.; Ciglarič, M.; Štrukelj, B.; Popovič, T. (2001). "Screening for selective thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms". Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 12 (2): 123–8. doi:10.1097/00001721-200103000-00006. PMID   11302474. S2CID   28411589.