Gray's Anatomy is an English written textbook of human anatomy originally written by Henry Gray and illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter. Earlier editions were called Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical, Anatomy of the Human Body and Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied, but the book's name is commonly shortened to, and later editions are titled, Gray's Anatomy. The book is widely regarded as an extremely influential work on the subject, and continued to be revised and republished from its initial publication in 1858 to the present day. The latest edition of the book, the 42nd, was published in October 2020.
A joint or articulation is the connection made between bones in the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole. They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the knee, elbow, and shoulder, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as sutures between the bones of the skull permit very little movement in order to protect the brain and the sense organs. The connection between a tooth and the jawbone is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a gomphosis. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally.
Henry Gray was a British anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) at the age of 25.
The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction at the joint.
In human anatomy, inferior epigastric vessels refers to the inferior epigastric artery and inferior epigastric vein.
In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery. It anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the inferior epigastric vein. These epigastric vessels form the lateral border of Hesselbach's triangle, which outlines the area through which direct inguinal hernias protrude.
In human anatomy, inferior epigastric vein refers to the vein that drains into the external iliac vein and anastomoses from the superior epigastric vein. Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named artery, the inferior epigastric artery.
The abductor digiti minimi is a muscle which lies along the lateral (outer) border of the foot, and is in relation by its medial margin with the lateral plantar artery, vein and nerves.
The conjoint tendon is a structure formed from the lower part of the common aponeurosis of the abdominal internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle. It forms the medial part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal.
The retromandibular vein is a major vein of the face.
The term general visceral efferent fibers refers to the efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system that provide motor innervation to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands through postganglionic varicosities.
The ansa lenticularis is a part of the brain, making up the superior layer of the substantia innominata. Its fibers, derived from the medullary lamina of the lentiform nucleus, pass medially to end in the thalamus and subthalamic region, while others are said to end in the tegmentum and red nucleus. It is classified by NeuroNames as part of the subthalamus.
The olivospinal fasciculus (Helweg) was thought to arise in the vicinity of the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata, and was thought to be seen only in the cervical region of the medulla spinalis, where it forms a small triangular area at the periphery, close to the most lateral of the anterior nerve roots. Its existence is now strongly doubted.
A nerve fascicle, or fasciculus is a bundle of funiculi. A funiculus is a bundle of axons.
The cribriform fascia, fascia cribrosa also Hesselbach's fascia is the portion of fascia covering the saphenous opening in the thigh. It is perforated by the great saphenous vein and by numerous blood and lymphatic vessels..
Anal columns are a number of vertical folds, produced by an infolding of the mucous membrane and some of the muscular tissue in the upper half of the lumen of the anal canal. They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni, who has several other eponyms named after him.
Just before each crus of the penis meets its fellow, it presents a slight enlargement, which Georg Ludwig Kobelt named the bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis. The bulb of penis is also known as the urethral bulb.
The uterosacral ligaments belong to the major ligaments of uterus.
About 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in front of the occipital pole of the human brain, on the infero-lateral border is an indentation or notch, named the preoccipital notch. It is considered a landmark because the occipital lobe is located just behind the line that connects that notch with the parietoccipital sulcus.
The intertragic notch is an anatomical feature of the ears of mammals. In humans, it is the space that separates the tragus from the antitragus in the outer ear.
