Iris halophila var. sogdiana

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Iris halophila var. sogdiana
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. halophila
Variety:
I. h. var. sogdiana
Trinomial name
Iris halophila var. sogdiana
Synonyms
  • Chamaeiris sogdiana(Bunge) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris gueldenstadtiana var. sogdiana(Bunge) Maxim.
  • Iris sogdianaBunge
  • Iris spuria subsp. sogdiana (Bunge) B.Mathew
  • Xyridion sogdianum(Bunge) Nevski
[1]

Iris halophila var. sogdiana is a species in the genus Iris , subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a variety of Iris halophila . It was once a species in its own right as Iris sogdiana, before being re-classified as a synonym of Iris halophila, but it has been re-classed again as a variant of Iris halophila. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with blue-violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It is similar in form to Iris halophila but with blue-violet flowers. [2]

It has a stout, thick rhizome. [3] [4] Which has a creeping habit. [3]

It has green, [5] sword-like, linear, smooth leaves that are 4–12 mm wide. [3] [4] They taper to a point, somewhat compressed, smooth; radical leaves as long as the stems, linear, to 10 cm broad, acuminate; cauline leaves 4, progressively decreasing in size; [3]

It has 25–90 cm (10–35 in) tall stems. [3] [4] [6]

It has lanceolate, acuminate, carinate spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [3]

The stems hold between 3 and 4, terminal (top of stem) flowers, blooming between June and July. [3] [6]

The un-fragranced flowers, [6] come in shades of violet-blue. [2] [7] [8]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [9] The falls are 4.5–5 cm long, obovate, round tipped, with dark purple veins and a yellow claw (section of petal closest to stem). [2] [3] [8] The shorted standards are erect, obovate or oblong, are brown at the base. [3] [4]

It has an 8 mm long perianth tube, which is also the length of the ovary. [3] [4]

It has linear, oblong style branches, [3] which are light purple. [4]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a 4.5 cm long, 6-angled seed capsule with a long beak-like appendage. [3] [4] It has flattened seeds, with rough edges. [3]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [9] It has a chromosome count: 2n=44. [8]

In 1979, a study was carried out the seeds of Iris sogdiana, to find various chemical compounds including, alkali-soluble polysaccharides . Glucomannan, consisting of glucose and mannose was found. [10]

In 2011, a study was carried out on Iris halophila var. sogdiana and Iris halophila, to find the fat soluble constituents and volatility components. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. (E,E) 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid(Z)-,methyl ester were found in both irises. [11]

Taxonomy

It is written as 蓝花喜盐鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as lan hua xi yan yuan wei in Pinyin Chinese. [8]

It is also known as Iris 'Halophila Sogdiana'. [12]

It was commonly known as Iris sogdiana (before re-classification) or Ksiridion sogdiana (in Russia). [13]

The Latin specific epithet sogdiana refers to the ancient civilization of Sogdia in modern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

It was first published as Iris sogdiana by Alexander Bunge in Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans Vol.7 page507 in 1847. [14] Bunge then published it, (as Iris sogdiana) in Beitr. Fl. Russl. page331 in 1852. [15]

Later, B. Fedtsch in published the iris, as Iris sogdiana in 'Kom. Fl. URSS Vol.4 page526 in 1935. [2]

It was then published and described as Iris halophila var. sogdiana by Alexander Bunge and Valery Ivanovitsch Grubov in 'Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.' Vol.6 page30 in 1970. [1] [14] [16] They also published it within 'Новости Сист Высш Раст 1969' page 30 in 1970. [2]

It was mentioned as Iris sogdiana in 'Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR)'. [17]

Distribution and habitat

It is native temperate regions of central Asia. [5] [7]

Range

It is found in the Asian countries of Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Iran. [5] [7] [8] Also in the former Russian republics of Turkmenistan. [3] It is also found in China, in the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Xinjiang. [2] [8] [16]

In mountainous Kyrgyzstan, it is found in a region from Lake Issyk-Kul to the valley of the Chu. [4]

In 2011, a study recorded the vascular plants in the forests around Angren, Uzbekistan, 12 were found to be endemic to Central Asia. These are; Arum korolkowii , Carex turkestanica , Cousinia olgae , Eremurus regelii , Euphorbia jaxartica , Galium pamiroalaicum , Gymnospermium alberti , Iris sogdiana, Prunus sogdiana , Rosa kokanica , Thalictrum sultanabadense , and Veronica bucharica . [18]

Habitat

It is grown on the damp meadow steppes, on hillside wastelands, on gravelly slopes, [2] on the banks of water reservoirs and on the banks of rivers. [3] [4]

Cultivation

It is the most hardy plant of all the Spuria irises. [5]

It prefers positions in partial shade. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria, or blue flag, is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Iris sanguinea</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sanguinea is a rhizomatous flowering plant in the genus Iris and in the series Sibiricae. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is one of the species considered a Japanese iris. It is from Asia, found between Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan and Korea. It has grey green leaves, an unbranched flowering stem and flowers in reddish-purple shades, from blue to blue-purple, red-violet, with a rare white variant.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

Iris bungei is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Mongolia, Tibet and China. It has green leaves, short stem and 2 violet, purple, lavender or blue flowers.

Iris songarica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Central Asia, located in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2–3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

<i>Iris tenuifolia</i> Species of plant

Iris tenuifolia is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from a wide region over central Asia, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, ; Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia and in China. It has long greyish-green leaves, short stem and pale violet, lilac, pale blue, or purple flowers.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

<i>Iris notha</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

<i>Iris pontica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris pontica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a dwarf rhizomatous perennial plant from eastern Europe, the Causcasus region and Russia, with a short stem and violet-blue and white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> carthaliniae</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris longiscapa is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the deserts of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. They have grass-like leaves and lilac-violet or blue-purple flowers on a tall slender stem.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris curvifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris, and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has sickle-shaped long leaves, short stem and yellow or bright yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris tigridia</i> Species of plant of the genus Iris

Iris tigridia is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris glaucescens</i> Species of plant

Iris glaucescens is a plant species in the genus Iris and subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, found in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again, although some sources still call it a synonym of Iris scariosa.

<i>Iris scariosa</i> Species of plant

Iris scariosa is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the mountainsides of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has sword-like, or sickle shaped, blue green or grey-green leaves, a short flowering stem, 3 or 4 membranous or semi-transparent flower bud leaves, 2 violet, reddish violet, lilac, blue-purple, or blue flowers in late spring, with yellow or white beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and Iris glaucescens became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it the main species, despite a slight colour difference.

References

  1. 1 2 "Iris halophila var. sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris halophila Pall. Var. Sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov". flph.org (Flora of Pan Himalayas). Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV" . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Irises section Ksiridion or Spur-iris sredneroslye". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation at Google Books
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Iris sogdiana". alpine-garden.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 "Spuria iris". flowerlib.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 304". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  9. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  10. ↑ Rakhimov, D.A.; Igamberdieva, M.I.; Ismailov, Z.F. (July 1979). "Polysaccharides of Iris I. Glucomannan from Iris sogdiana". Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 15 (4): 404–408. doi:10.1007/BF00565033. S2CID   4814854 . Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Yang, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Kao-Wen; Yu, Chun-Yang (April 2011). "Comparative Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Iris halophila var.sogdiana and Iris halophila". Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory. Biochemical Engineering College, Beijing Union University. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  12. ↑ "Iris (Iris halophila var. sogdiana) in the Irises Database". allthingsplants.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "Iris sogdiana Bunge". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  14. 1 2 Pries, Bob (20 October 2014). "(SPEC) Iris spuria subspecies sogdiana". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  15. ↑ " Iris spuria var. notha". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  16. 1 2 "Iris halophila Pallas var.sogdiana (Bunge) Grubov". asianflora.com. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  17. ↑ Sergeĭ Kirillovich Cherepanov (1981) Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (the Former USSR)&pg=PA281 Up0XgqTk2pkC , p. 281, at Google Books
  18. ↑ Thunes, Karl H.; Vildanova, Gulusa (June 2012). "Ahangaren Forest Damage Project: Final Report, March 2011" (PDF). skogoglandskap.no. Retrieved 12 February 2015.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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