Japananus hyalinus

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Japananus hyalinus
Japananus hyalinus Cambridge August 2014.jpg
Specimen from Cambridge, England
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Family: Cicadellidae
Subfamily: Deltocephalinae
Tribe: Scaphytopiini
Genus: Japananus
Species:
J. hyalinus
Binomial name
Japananus hyalinus
(Osborn, 1900) [1]
Synonyms
  • Platymetopius hyalinusOsborn, 1900
  • Platymetopius cinctusMatsumura, 1914
  • Japananus meridionalisBonfils, 1981

Japananus hyalinus, the Japanese maple leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Opsiini [2] (formerly placed in tribe Scaphytopiini). Believed to be native to eastern Asia, it has been carried with the trade in cultivated maples and is now widely found in Europe, North America and Australia. [3] [4]

Contents

Description

Female 5.5 mm long (even 6.5 mm [5] ), male 4.25 mm. Head comes to an acute point, head and prothorax greenish yellow. Forewings translucent with reddish veins (paler in male). In the resting position three narrow beaded bands of purplish brown run more or less straight across the wings, incorporating some portions of the veins. [1]

The eggs are inserted into the nodes of young branches, making them very difficult to detect in dormant planting stock. There is normally one generation per year (two in Italy), with the eggs over wintering. [4] The nymphs are sharply pointed at both head and tail and are frequently yellowish.

Origin and spread

Specimen from Portage, Michigan, United States Japananus hyalinus (Cody Hough) cropped.jpg
Specimen from Portage, Michigan, United States

The species was first described (as Platymetopius hyalinus) by Herbert Osborn in 1900, from specimens taken in Washington, D.C. Since it was unlikely that a native species would have remained undetected so long, he suggested it was an introduced species brought in with exotic plants. [1] This was confirmed in 1931 when P. W. Oman identified Platymetopius hyalinus with P. cinctus, described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1914 and found in Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu. [5] [6]

In 1931 Elmer Darwin Ball designated P. hyalinus as the type (and, at the time, only) species of a newly differentiated genus Japananus . Since then a further five species have been placed in this genus. Apart from hyalinus they are all native to mainland Asia and show no tendency to major range expansions. [7] [8]

In North America J. hyalinus has been recorded from North Carolina in the south to Ontario in the north. [4] The first European records, from Austria and Romania, were published in 1961, followed by reports from Germany, the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (1987), Bulgaria and Hungary (1989), France, Spain and northern Italy (1994), Slovenia (2002), Serbia and southern Russia (2003), Luxembourg (2010) and Poland (2012). [3] It was discovered in Australia in 1997. [9]

The status of J. hyalinus in the United Kingdom is currently uncertain. In 1999 two insects were found during inspections of imported Acer palmatum stock that originated from South Korea. In August 2014 the insect seen in the taxobox above was photographed in Cambridge, where the complete breeding cycle has been observed. [4] [10]

Host plants

Nymph Japananus hyalinus nymph Cambridge August 2015.jpg
Nymph

In its Asian home range the host plants are Acer japonicum and A. palmatum . In other places it readily adapts to other maple species, which no doubt assists its spread. In Europe the main food plant is field maple ( Acer campestre ), [3] and it has been recorded from box elder, Norway maple, sycamore, silver maple, Montpellier maple, Acer buergerianum , A. truncatum and red maple. [4]

Economic impact

Leafhoppers are regarded with some suspicion by plant growers, both because of the additional load they place on plant metabolism and their ability to act as vectors for virus diseases and phytoplasma diseases such as flavescence dorée (FD). [11] As of 2014 J. hyalinus is not known to be a disease vector and its potential to cause significant damage is assessed as very small. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leafhopper</span> Family of insects

Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae. These minute insects, colloquially known as hoppers, are plant feeders that suck plant sap from grass, shrubs, or trees. Their hind legs are modified for jumping, and are covered with hairs that facilitate the spreading of a secretion over their bodies that acts as a water repellent and carrier of pheromones. They undergo a partial metamorphosis, and have various host associations, varying from very generalized to very specific. Some species have a cosmopolitan distribution, or occur throughout the temperate and tropical regions. Some are pests or vectors of plant viruses and phytoplasmas. The family is distributed all over the world, and constitutes the second-largest hemipteran family, with at least 20,000 described species.

<i>Maiestas</i> Genus of true bugs

Maiestas is a genus of insects in the family Cicadellidae, the vast majority of which were formerly placed in the genus Recilia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opsiini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Opsiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The tribe contains 36 genera and over 300 species divided into four subtribes: Achaeticina, Circuliferina, Eremophlepsiina, and Opsiina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macrostelini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Macrostelini is a tribe in the Deltocephalinae subfamily of leafhoppers. Macrostelini contains 37 genera and over 300 species. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. Some species in the genus Cicadulina are agricultural pests and transmit maize streak virus in Sub-saharan Africa.

<i>Orientus ishidae</i> Species of true bug

Orientus ishidae, common name Japanese leafhopper or Mosaic leafhopper, is a species of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae and subfamily Deltocephalinae.

<i>Japananus</i> Genus of true bugs

Japananus is a genus of leafhoppers of the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Six species are currently placed in the genus, all native to Asia and typically feeding on Acer species. One species, J. hyalinus, has spread throughout the northern hemisphere and Australia with the trade in cultivated maples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Athysanini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Athysanini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The type genus of the tribe is Athysanus. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is the largest tribe in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and has 228 genera and at least 1120 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hecalini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Hecalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are about 24 genera and over 180 described species divided into two subtribes in Hecalini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deltocephalini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Deltocephalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Deltocephalini contains 72 genera and more than 600 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaphoideini</span> Tribe of leafhoppers

Scaphoideini is a tribe of leafhoppers. There are 64 genera and over 600 described species in Scaphoideini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">C.A. Viraktamath</span> Indian entomologist (born 1944)

Chandrashekaraswami Adiveyya Viraktamath is an Indian entomologist who specializes in the systematics of leaf-hoppers, Cicadellidae. He served as a professor of entomology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.

<i>Arrugada</i> Genus of insects

Arrugada is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently four described species of Arrugada and they are all endemic to Bolivia and Peru. The genus was formerly considered to be within its own separate subfamily within Cicadellidae; however, it is now recognized to be in its own tribe, Arrugadini, within the subfamily Deltocephalinae.

Bahitini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Bahitini contains 25 genera and over 165 species.

Bonaspeiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Bonaspeiini is made up of 26 genera and over 125 species found throughout Southern Africa. Many species are found in the fynbos biome.

Chiasmini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Chiasmini contains 21 genera and over 300 species. Some species of Chiasmini in the genus Nephotettix are agricultural pests and transmit rice Tungrovirus in southeast Asia.

Cochlorhinini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The tribe is endemic to the western United States and adjacent parts of Mexico, however at least one species has been introduced to Chile. Cochlorhinini contains 11 genera and over 140 species.

Luheria constricta is a species of leafhopper in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It has a large range from northern Argentina north through Bolivia and northeastern Brazil. It is the only member of the genus Luheria and the tribe Luheriini making them both monotypic taxa.

Paralimnini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Paralimnini contains 139 genera and over 900 species divided into two subtribes: Aglenina and Paralimnina. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stenometopiini</span> Tribe of true bugs

Stenometopiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It contains 8 genera and around 100 species. The members of Stenometopiini are widespread and have a cosmopolitan distribution.


Stegelytrini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 30 genera and over 80 species in Stegelytrini. Some authors consider Stegelytrini to be its own subfamily, but Zahniser & Dietrich (2013) consider it to be the earliest divergent lineage of Deltocephalinae.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Osborn, H. (1900). "A neglected Platymetopius". Entomological News. 11: 501–502.
  2. ↑ Zahniser, J.N.; Dietrich, C. (2013). "A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)". European Journal of Taxonomy. 45 (45). doi: 10.5852/ejt.2013.45 .
  3. 1 2 3 Walczak, M.; Musik, K.; Mokrzycka, A. (2012). "Japananus hyalinus (Osborn, 1900) - a new leafhopper for Polish fauna (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha)" (PDF). Wiadomosci Entomologiczne. 31 (4): 242–250.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tuffen, M.; et al. (17 September 2014). "Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Japananus hyalinus" (PDF). Food & Environment Research Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  5. 1 2 Matsumura, S. (1914). "Die Jassinen und einige neue Acocephalinen Japans" [The Jassinae and some new Acocephalinae from Japan](PDF). Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo (in German). 5 (7). pp. 165-240 (at p. 215).
  6. ↑ Oman, P.W. (1931). "New Jassinae, with notes on other species". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 21 (17): 430–436.
  7. ↑ Xing, J.; Dai, R.; Li, Z. (2008). "A taxonomic study on the genus Japananus Ball (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae), with description of one new species from China". ZooKeys (3): 23–28. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.3.24 .
  8. ↑ Xing, J.; Dai, R.; Li, Z. (2010). "Two new species of the genus Japananus Ball, 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2415: 63–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2415.1.6.
  9. ↑ Fletcher, M.J. (2009). "Japananus hyalinus (Osborn)". Key to the leafhoppers and treehoppers of Australia and neighbouring areas (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, NSW Govt. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  10. ↑ Edkins, K. (2015). "Japananus hyalinus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) – genus and species new to Britain" (PDF). British Journal of Entomology & Natural History. 28 (3). pp. 125-127; pl. 9(4).
  11. ↑ Gaffuri, F.; Sacchi, S.; Cavagna, B. (2011). "First detection of the mosaic leafhopper, Orientus ishidae, in northern Italian vineyards infected by the flavescence dorée phytoplasma". New Disease Reports. 24: 22. doi: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.024.022 .
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