Juncus bufonius

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Juncus bufonius
Juncus bufonius.jpeg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Juncaceae
Genus: Juncus
Species:
J. bufonius
Binomial name
Juncus bufonius
L.

Juncus bufonius, known commonly as toad rush, is a widespread flowering plant species complex in the rush family Juncaceae. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Distribution

Its native range is circumpolar throughout tropical, subtropical, subarctic, and temperate climate areas of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. [1] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] It is also widely distributed as an introduced species in suitable habitats worldwide. It grows in moist and muddy places, often in wetlands and riparian areas. [9]

In habitats where it is not native and has naturalized it may be considered a weed. The relationship of North America plants to the Eurasian Juncus ranarius is weakly delineated. [3]

Description

Juncus bufonius is an annual monocot that is quite variable in appearance. It is generally a green clumping grasslike rush, with many thin stems wrapped with few threadlike leaves. [3]

The flowers are borne in inflorescences and also in the joint where the inflorescence branches off of the stem. It is a grassy flower folded within tough bracts and sepals. [3] The blooming period is March to May in the Northern Hemisphere and September to November in the Southern Hemisphere. [9]

Varieties

Varieties include: [9]

References

  1. 1 2 GRIN-Global Web v 1.9.4.2: Taxonomy of Juncus bufonius
  2. USDA: Juncus bufonius
  3. 1 2 3 4 Jepson: Juncus bufonius
  4. Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of North America
  5. Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of China
  6. 1 2 Efloras.org: Juncus bufonius in Flora of Pakistan
  7. Online Field Guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland
  8. PIER Profile: Juncus bufonius
  9. 1 2 3 Calflora: Juncus bufonius
  10. Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. bufonius
  11. Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. congestus
  12. Calflora: Juncus bufonius var. occidentalis