Karateka (video game)

Last updated

Karateka
Karateka Coverart.png
Developer(s) Jordan Mechner
Liquid Entertainment (HD)
Publisher(s)
D3Publisher (HD)
Designer(s) Jordan Mechner
Engine Unreal Engine 3 (HD)
Platform(s)
HD remake
Release
December 1984
  • Apple II
    C64
    Atari 8-bit [4]
    Famicom [5]
    • JP: December 5, 1985
    Atari 7800 [6]
    Atari ST [7]
    • NA: November 1988
    CPC, MSX, Spectrum [8] [9] [10]
    Xbox 360
    • WW: November 7, 2012
    Windows, PS3
    • WW: November 2012
    iOS
    • WW: December 2012
    Classic (Android, iOS) [11]
    • WW: May 16, 2013
Genre(s) Fighting, action
Mode(s) Single-player

Karateka is a 1984 martial arts action game for the Apple II by Jordan Mechner. It is his first published game and was created while he was attending Yale University. The game was published in North America by Broderbund and in Europe by Ariolasoft. Along with Karate Champ and Yie Ar Kung-Fu (both also released in 1984), Karateka is one of the earliest martial arts fighting games. It was inspired by Japanese culture (Ukiyo-e art, Akira Kurosawa films, and manga comics) and by early Disney animated films and silent pictures. An influential game of its era, it was one of the first to use cinematic storytelling and sound design, and rotoscoped animation. [12]

Contents

The player controls an unnamed protagonist attempting to rescue his love interest, Princess Mariko, from Akuma's castle fortress. The character walks and runs from left to right through a linear, side-scrolling level, dealing with attackers and obstacles, while moving deeper into the fortress. Each encounter with an enemy is one-on-one, as in a fighting game. Cinematic cuts show Mariko's situation and Akuma's actions before the player reaches them.

Karateka was ported to the Amstrad CPC, Atari 8-bit computers, Atari 7800, Atari ST, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, Nintendo Entertainment System, ZX Spectrum, MSX, and Game Boy. Mechner led a remake, released in 2012, for Xbox 360, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and iOS.

Gameplay

Fighting Akuma in the Apple II original Karateka Fighting Akuma.png
Fighting Akuma in the Apple II original

Karateka uses gameplay elements found in both side-scrolling 2D platformers and fighting games.

The unnamed hero ascends a mountain into Akuma's fortress to rescue Princess Mariko. [13] As the player directs the hero into the fortress, various foes appear and attempt to stop him, one per screen. The hero enters a fighting stance to punch, kick, and dodge each enemy. Health bars for both the player and the current enemy are displayed at the bottom of the screen, decreasing by one notch for every hit sustained. Both fighters' health bars will slowly regenerate if they avoid being hit during combat for a long enough time. The game ends when all health is lost, requiring the player to start again.

In addition to human enemies, Akuma occasionally sends his trained hawk to attack the player, which can be deflected with well-timed punches or kicks. [13] There are fatal environmental hazards, such as an open cliffside or a falling portcullis. Cutscenes include Akuma ordering his men to attack the player, and Mariko nervously awaiting her fate.

Eventually, the player will fight Akuma directly, then enter Mariko's cell to rescue her. [14] If the hero approaches Mariko while in a fighting stance, she will deliver a kick that results in instant death. Only a non-fighting stance approach will result in the hero rescuing Mariko and the two departing the fortress together.

An Easter egg was present on the Apple II floppy disk release with Broderbund's blessing. Though it was described as single-sided, the disk could be inserted upside down to play a full version of the game with the display reflected vertically, appearing upside-down and backwards. According to Mechner, this was done as a joke, causing users to call tech support and be told to flip the disk over so the game played right-side-up. [15] [16] [17]

Development

Jordan Mechner in 2010 Jordan Mechner at WonderCon 2010 3.JPG
Jordan Mechner in 2010

Karateka was developed by Jordan Mechner while he was a student at Yale University as a side project between classes. [18] Having learned computer programming using the Apple II, he had written a clone of Asteroids and a modified version he titled Deathbounce. He submitted Deathbounce to Broderbund. The company declined but sent him a copy of Choplifter , then one of its top-selling games. He recognized from this game that he could pursue original game concepts instead of having to remake existing ones. [19]

Mechner focused on a karate-themed game, influenced by the graphic features of Choplifter, his ongoing film studies and film clubs at Yale, and recent karate lessons. [19] He drew inspiration from Japanese Ukiyo-e woodblock print art, and the cinematic works of Akira Kurosawa, early Disney animated films, and silent pictures—which he said "convey such powerful emotion and atmosphere without a word being spoken". [14] Combining cinematic techniques with game elements, he programmed some of the screen wipes from the film Seven Samurai . [19] Mechner reflected that he did not consider the game as a "fighting game", but instead that of "a story-based game where the gameplay mechanic is fighting". [14]

Opening hand-drawn storyboards to plot out the course of the game Karateka-storyboard.jpg
Opening hand-drawn storyboards to plot out the course of the game

Mechner wanted to create fluid animations within the Apple II's eight-frame-per-second capacity, but this was hampered by the presence of additional on-screen elements, such as one of the palace gates. He found that the computer could not animate and play music (limited to one-note tones) at the same time, forcing him to adapt. [18] To create the animations, he used rotoscoping, hand-drawing cartoons atop frames of film of his karate instructor demonstrating various moves. [19] His father, Francis Mechner, created the soundtrack. [18] Development took about two years, and he submitted the game to Broderbund late in his sophomore year at Yale. [19]

Though set in Japan, the hero and heroine have blonde hair. Broderbund said that the blonde-haired character design was influenced by Japanese preferences in manga comics, then commonly featuring blonde-haired protagonists in adventure stories. [1]

Ports

Atari 8-bit computer port by Veda Cook Karateka (video game) Atari 8-bit PAL screenshot.png
Atari 8-bit computer port by Veda Cook

Mechner believed that Veda Cook's versions for the Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit computers were the best ports, with some superior features including enabling his father to reorchestrate the music. [20] Ports to the Amstrad CPC and MS-DOS appeared in 1986, to the Atari 7800 in 1987, the Atari ST in 1988, and ZX Spectrum in 1990 though only released in Spain and in Spanish. [21] The game was released in Japan for the Famicom in 1985, ported by Soft Pro, and specifying its martial art as Nanto Saishi Ken (南斗再試拳 South Dipper Retry Fist). [22] A Game Boy port was done with the name Master Karateka for Asia and featured changes such as the inclusion of an experience system.

Reception

The Apple and Commodore versions debuted on the Billboard magazine software sales chart at number two in July 1985. [23] In January 1986, it was awarded a "Gold" certification from the Software Publishers Association for sales above 100,000 units. [24] It is Broderbund's bestselling Commodore game as of late 1987. [25] Sales of Karateka surpassed 500,000 units by 2000. [26]

The game received generally favorable reviews from critics. In early 1985, Jeff Hurlbert of Hardcore Computist said the "recently-released" Karateka "is the most recent and best illustration of a trend towards computer games that look like movies". He called it "a breakthrough" where art "merges with technology to produce a game almost as much fun to watch as to play". [27] In January 1985, Computer Entertainer rated the Apple II version 7½ out of 8 stars, praising the visuals, animation, sound effects, music, karate moves, and story line, but criticizing the blonde-haired appearance of the karateka and princess in a Japanese setting. [28] Computer Entertainer later rated the Commodore 64 version seven out of eight stars in July 1985, praising the "visually stunning" graphics and "authentic" moves, but again questioning "the use of a blond hero and heroine in a Japanese setting". [1] In May 1985, Enter praised the "beautiful graphics, superb animation and realistic sound effects". Billy Gillette called it "a four-star game" but was disappointed with the lack of a score, and Phil Wiswell criticized the lack of a two-player option but concluded with, "wow, what a game!" [29] In October 1985, Compute! called Karateka "a nominee for the Most Underrated Program of the Year. It's a program that must be seen to be fully appreciated". Although criticizing the necessity to restart from the beginning upon defeat, the review stated that the Apple II version "has by far the best animation I've seen in an Apple arcade game. The smoothness of the animation ... makes the game almost as enjoyable to watch as it is to play". [30]

Rick Teverbaugh reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World in April 1986, stating it is more "like an adventure game with karate thrown in" compared to Karate Champ and Kung-Fu Master (1984), and that it "resembles a Chuck Norris movie in flavor". [31] Info rated the Commodore 64 version three stars out of five, praising the animation but disliking its simple and two-dimensional game play, and concluding that it "needs more depth". [32] Antic in 1986 liked its "cartoon-quality" graphics. Although critical of the "often slow" joystick control system, the magazine concluded that Karateka was "fun and extremely addicting". [33] According to Dragon , "this game has a great plot, animation that'll dazzle your eyes, and player-controlled martial arts action". [34] Computer and Video Games rated the Atari 7800 version 83% in 1989. [35]

French magazine Jeux & Stratégie in issue #33 rated the game 4 out of 5 and praised the graphics. [36]

Legacy

2012 remake

In February 2012, Mechner announced that he was leading a small independent development group to create a remake of Karateka for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation 3 via PlayStation Network. He anticipated a release in late 2012, [18] later moved to November 2012. [37] The remake concept followed his work for the 2010 film Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time . He wanted a new project with a "guerrilla" feel and a much smaller scale than the film. He considered that nearly 30 years after the game's release, he was still being interviewed about Karateka. [38] He envisioned retelling the story without the limitations of the Apple II. [18] He was inspired by the resurgence of small, independent game development in 2010 and 2011, and games such as Limbo that "created a powerful emotional atmosphere within a limited budget and scope". [16]

High-definition remake of Karateka, with quick time event-styled gameplay Karateka-hd-remake-screeenshot.jpg
High-definition remake of Karateka, with quick time event-styled gameplay

Mechner assembled a small independent team at Liquid Entertainment [37] backed by angel investment, to be more hands-on with development. [38] True to the original, he described it as "a compact, pick-up-and-play game that is fluid, atmospheric and beautiful". Cinematic elements include lacking dialogue. [14] His team focused on improving play controls, making them "hard to master", and encouraging replay for improved performance. [16] The team experimented with different approaches, ending up with "brand-new combat mechanics" and a "rhythm-based" fighter, where "you match the rhythm of your opponent's attacks and eventually earn your counterattack". [39]

In anticipating frustration for younger players that may have not played the original game, he removed the one-shot deaths. [13] The player starts as Mariko's "True Love", but upon failing, becoming a second character, a monk. Gameplay continues, and then again as a third character, a Brute. The player can complete the game as any of the characters, maintaining immersion while transitioning between them, though the ultimate goal is reuniting Mariko with her "True Love". Mechner says this gives the approximate forty-minute game high replayability. [39]

He stated that some of the humorous additions, such as the possibility of being killed by Mariko at the end of the game, would likely be removed. He said that "you can't surprise people twice the same way", and replaced this element with other secrets. [14] His focus on pick-up-and-play simplicity led to downloadable distribution. [16] Comic and animation artist Jeff Matsuda joined the team to help with character animations, and composer Christopher Tin developed the dynamic score. [37] [39]

The Making of Karateka

The studio Digital Eclipse developed a new release of Karateka titled The Making of Karateka, part of the company's Gold Master Series. Development on The Making of Karateka began in 2020 after realizing the wealth of archival material on the game, including journal entries from Mechner, floppy disks and documents from The Strong National Museum of Play. [40] The studio's executive editor Chris Kohler discussed the amount of material, stating "I don't know if we could do this for any single video game. I've never seen a game with this much documentation." [40] The footage in the release includes animation and rotoscoping footage, as well as interviews with Jordan Mechner, his father Francis Mechner, and publishers at Broderbund. The release includes the Apple II, Commodore 64, and Atari 8-bit versions of the game, as well as prototypes and a new remastered version. Mechner's previous game Deathbounce is also included, alongside a remastered version titled Deathbounce: Rebounded. [41]

Despite starting on material for a re-release of Karateka in 2021, Digital Eclipse released the compilation Atari 50 first in 2022, which celebrated the history of the company through an interactive timeline, featuring documentary footage, interviews and games to play. Following positive reception to this format, Digital Eclipse announced they would be doing more releases in this format under the name Gold Master Series, with The Making of Karateka being the first. [40] The Making of Karateka was released on PC, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, and Nintendo Switch on August 29, 2023, the latter of which was released in territories outside North America on September 5, 2023. [42] [41]

The release received positive reviews. [43] [41]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeff Minter</span> British video game designer

Jeff Minter is an English video game designer and programmer who often goes by the name Yak. He is the founder of software house Llamasoft and has created dozens of games during his career, which began in 1981 with games for the ZX80. Minter's games are shoot 'em ups which contain titular or in-game references demonstrating his fondness of ruminants. Many of his programs also feature something of a psychedelic element, as in some of the earliest "light synthesizer" programs including Trip-a-Tron.

<i>Prince of Persia</i> (1989 video game) 1989 video game

Prince of Persia is a 1989 cinematic platform game developed and published by Broderbund for the Apple II. It was designed and implemented by Jordan Mechner. Taking place in medieval Persia, players control an unnamed protagonist who must venture through a series of dungeons to defeat the evil Grand Vizier Jaffar and save an imprisoned princess.

<i>Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame</i> 1993 platform video game

Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame is a 1993 cinematic platform game released by Broderbund for the MS-DOS, and later ported to Macintosh, Super NES, and FM Towns. It is the second installment in the Prince of Persia series, and a direct sequel to 1989's Prince of Persia. Both games were designed by Jordan Mechner, but unlike the original, he did not program the sequel himself. In the game, players control the Prince as he attempts to return to Persia and defeat the evil wizard Jaffar once and for all, who has assumed his appearance, seized the throne, and put his love interest, the Princess, under a death spell.

<i>Boulder Dash</i> (video game) 1984 video game

Boulder Dash is a maze-based puzzle video game released in 1984 by First Star Software for Atari 8-bit computers. It was created by Canadian developers Peter Liepa and Chris Gray. The player controls Rockford, who tunnels through dirt to collect diamonds. Boulders and other objects remain fixed until the dirt beneath them is removed, then they fall and become a hazard. Puzzles are designed around collecting diamonds without being crushed and exploiting the interactions between objects. The game's name is a pun on balderdash.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jordan Mechner</span> American video game designer (born 1964)

Jordan Mechner is an American video game designer, graphic novelist, author, screenwriter, filmmaker, and former video game programmer. A major figure in the development of cinematic video games and a pioneer in video game animation, he began his career designing and programming the 1984 martial arts game Karateka for the Apple II while a student at Yale University. The game was a bestseller. He followed it with the platform game Prince of Persia five years later; it was widely ported and became a hit. Both games used rotoscoping, where actors shot on film by Mechner were drawn over to create in-game animation. Prince of Persia has become the basis for a long-running franchise, including a 2010 live-action film released by Walt Disney Pictures and an ongoing series of video games, published by Ubisoft.

<i>Defender of the Crown</i> 1986 video game

Defender of the Crown is a strategy video game designed by Kellyn Beeck. It was Cinemaware's first game, and was originally released for the Commodore Amiga in 1986, setting a new standard for graphic quality in home computer games.

<i>Lode Runner</i> 1983 video game

Lode Runner is a 2D puzzle-platform game, developed by Doug Smith and published by Broderbund in 1983. Its gameplay mechanics are similar to Space Panic from 1980. The player controls a character who must collect all the gold pieces in a level and get to the end while being chased by a number of enemies. It is one of the first games to include a level editor.

<i>Spy vs. Spy</i> (1984 video game) 1984 video game

Spy vs. Spy is a video game written by Michael Riedel for the Commodore 64 and published by First Star Software in 1984. A port for the Atari 8-bit computers was released simultaneously. It is a two-player, split-screen game, based on Mad magazine's long-running cartoon strip Spy vs. Spy, about the slapstick antics of two spies trying to kill each other with improbably elaborate traps and weapons.

<i>Choplifter</i> 1982 video game

Choplifter is a military themed scrolling shooter developed by Dan Gorlin for the Apple II and published by Broderbund in 1982. It was ported to Atari 8-bit computers the same year and also to the VIC-20, Commodore 64, Atari 5200, ColecoVision, MSX, and Thomson computers.

<i>International Karate +</i> 1987 video game

International Karate +, stylized as IK+, is a fighting game written by Archer Maclean and published in 1987 by System 3 for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, and ZX Spectrum. It is a successor to International Karate (1985). Activision published the Commodore 64 version in the US as Chop N' Drop.

1984 saw many sequels and prequels along with new titles such as 1942, Boulder Dash, Cobra Command, Jet Set Willy, Karate Champ, Kung-Fu Master, Yie Ar Kung-Fu and Punch-Out!! The year's highest-grossing arcade video games were Pole Position in the United States, for the second year in a row, and Track & Field in the United Kingdom. The year's best-selling home system was Nintendo's Family Computer (Famicom), which was only sold in Japan at the time.

<i>Spelunker</i> (video game) 1983 video game

Spelunker is a 1983 platform video game developed by Timothy G. Martin of MicroGraphic Image. It is set in a cave, with the player starting at the cave's entrance at the top, and the objective is to get to the treasure at the bottom.

<i>One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird</i> 1983 video game

One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird, commonly known as One on One, is a basketball video game written by Eric Hammond for the Apple II and published by Electronic Arts in 1983. It was initially ported to the Atari 8-bit computers, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, and IBM PC compatibles. Versions followed for the TRS-80 Color Computer, Classic Mac OS, Amiga, and ZX Spectrum. In Europe, the publisher was Ariolasoft. Atari Corporation released an Atari 7800 port in 1987.

<i>The Castles of Dr. Creep</i> 1984 video game

The Castles of Dr. Creep is a puzzle-platform game for the Commodore 64 written by Ed Hobbs and published by Broderbund in 1984. It takes place in thirteen medieval castles owned by the eponymous doctor, and the player's task is to escape from each castle. One- or two-player games are possible, allowing collaborative gaming for solving the puzzles. It was re-released via Steam on September 2, 2016.

<i>Ballblazer</i> 1985 video game

Ballblazer is a futuristic sports game created by Lucasfilm Games and published in 1985 by Epyx. Along with Rescue on Fractalus!, it was one of the initial pair of releases from Lucasfilm Games, Ballblazer was developed and first published for the Atari 8-bit computers. The principal creator and programmer was David Levine. The game was called Ballblaster during development; some pirated versions bear this name.

<i>Drol</i> 1983 video game

Drol is a video game published by Broderbund in 1983. It was written for the Apple II by Benny Aik Beng Ngo, then ported to the Commodore 64 and Atari 8-bit computers. Versions were released for the SG-1000 in 1985 and Amiga in 1991.

<i>Moebius: The Orb of Celestial Harmony</i> 1985 video game

Moebius: The Orb of Celestial Harmony is a video game produced by Origin Systems and designed by Greg Malone. It was originally released in 1985 for the Apple II. Versions were also released for the Amiga, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Macintosh, and MS-DOS. The game is primarily a top-down view tile-based role-playing video game, but it has action-based combat sequences which use a side view, roughly similar to games such as Karateka.

Prince of Persia is a video game franchise created by Jordan Mechner. It is centered around a series of action-adventure games focused on various incarnations of the eponymous Prince, set in ancient and medieval Persia.

<i>Airheart</i> 1986 video game

Airheart is an action game designed and programmed by Dan Gorlin for the Apple II and published by Broderbund in 1986. It requires a 128K Apple IIe to run, as it uses the 16-color double hi-res graphics mode. After three years of development, the game was technically advanced at its time of release, using scaled sprites for 3D effects, but did not include all of the planned features. Gorlin reworked the game as Typhoon Thompson in Search for the Sea Child for the Atari ST (1988), and later the Amiga (1990), which is closer to what he originally envisioned.

<i>Gumball</i> (video game) 1983 video game

Gumball is a video game written for the Apple II by Veda Hlubinka-Cook and published by Broderbund in 1983. It was ported to the Atari 8-bit computers, and Commodore 64. The player controls the valves of a maze-like machine to sort gumballs by color.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Critically Speaking..Commdore 64-Compatible" (PDF). Computer Entertainer. Vol. 4, no. 4. July 1985. p. 5.
  2. ↑ "1985 Index" (PDF). Computer Entertainer . Vol. 4, no. 10. January 1986. p. 6.
  3. ↑ "Karateka Release Information for Commodore 64 - GameFAQs". gamefaqs.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  4. ↑ "Atari 400 800 XL XE Karateka". Atari Mania. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Karateka Release Information for NES - GameFAQs". gamefaqs.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  6. ↑ "AtariAge - Region Key Explained". atariage.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Karateka (Atari ST)" . Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Karateka Release Information for Amstrad CPC - GameFAQs". gamefaqs.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Karateka Release Information for MSX - GameFAQs". gamefaqs.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Karateka Release Information for Sinclair ZX81/Spectrum - GameFAQs". gamefaqs.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  11. ↑ Mitchell, Richard (May 15, 2013). "Karateka Classic coming to iOS and Android tomorrow". Joystiq. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  12. ↑ "The Making of Karateka redefined the video game remaster in 2023". Digital Trends. December 15, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  13. 1 2 3 "Prince of Persia creator Jordan Mechner to remake Karateka (interview inside)". Official Xbox Magazine. February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Kohler, Chris (February 15, 2012). "Karateka Remake Marks Jordan Mechner's Return to Games". Wired . Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  15. ↑ Forster, Winnie (2005). The Encyclopedia of Consoles, Handhelds & Home Computers 1972 - 2005. GAMEPLAN. p. 22. ISBN   3-00-015359-4.
  16. 1 2 3 4 McWhertor, Michael (February 16, 2012). "Prince of Persia Creator Reveals His Next Project: The Return of Karateka". GameTrailers . Retrieved February 16, 2012.
  17. ↑ Johnson, Allison (July 5, 2021). "Today I learned about Karateka's 37-year-old easter egg". The Verge . Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Caoili, Eric; Cifaldi, Frank (February 15, 2012). "Jordan Mechner returns to his indie roots with Karateka remake". Gamasutra . Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 Rouse, Richard; Ogden, Steve (2005). Game Design: Theory & Practice, 2nd Edition. Wordware Game Developer's Library. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 320–354. ISBN   1-55622-912-7.
  20. ↑ Mechner, Jordan (December 6, 2012). "I'm Jordan Mechner, creator of Prince of Persia and Karateka -- ask me anything!". Reddit. Retrieved September 1, 2013.
  21. ↑ "Karateka". World of Spectrum . Retrieved August 9, 2013.
  22. ↑ "カラテカ｜ファミコン｜レトロゲームへの妄言". gg-blog.com. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Hotware: Software Best Sellers". Compute! . No. 64. September 1985. p. 65.
  24. ↑ Petska-Juliussen, Karen; Juliussen, Egil (1990). The Computer Industry Almanac 1990. New York: Brady. pp. 3.10–11. ISBN   978-0-13-154122-1.
  25. ↑ Ferrell, Keith (December 1987). "The Commodore Games That Live On And On". Compute's Gazette. pp. 18–22. Retrieved January 24, 2015.
  26. ↑ Saltzman, Marc (May 18, 2000). Game Design: Secrets of the Sages, Second Edition . Brady Games. p.  410, 411. ISBN   1566869870.
  27. ↑ Hurlbert, Jeff (1985). "The Games of 1984: In Review - Part II". Hardcore Computist . No. 19. pp. 12–7.
  28. ↑ "Critically Speaking..Apple-Compatible" (PDF). Computer Entertainer. Vol. 3, no. 10. January 1985. pp. 149–51.
  29. ↑ Wiswell, Phil; Gillette, Billy (May 1985). "User Views: New Computer Games". Enter . pp. 4–5.
  30. ↑ Trunzo, James V. (October 1985). "Karateka". Compute!. p. 76. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  31. ↑ Teverbaugh, Rick (April 1986). "Sports Scorecard" (PDF). Computer Gaming World. Vol. 1, no. 27. p. 41.
  32. ↑ Dunnington, Benn; Brown, Mark R. (December 1985 – January 1986). "C-64/128 Gallery". Info. pp. 4–5, 88–93. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  33. ↑ Moore, Rich; Plotkin, David; Kershaw, Brad; Lewis, Scott (March 1986). "Product reviews". Antic.
  34. ↑ Lesser, Hartley and Patricia (October 1987). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (126): 82–88.
  35. ↑ "Complete Games Guide" (PDF). Computer and Video Games (Complete Guide to Consoles): 46–77. October 16, 1989.
  36. ↑ "Jeux & stratégie 33". June 1985.
  37. 1 2 3 Matulef, Jeffrey (October 1, 2012). "Jordan Mechner's Karateka remake due on XBLA in November". Eurogamer . Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  38. 1 2 Takahashi, Dean (February 15, 2012). "Prince of Persia creator returns to games with remake of Karateka". Venture Beat . Retrieved February 15, 2012.
  39. 1 2 3 Takahashi, Dean (November 7, 2012). "Jordan Mechner launches Karateka remake on digital gaming platforms". Venture Beat . Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  40. 1 2 3 Webster, Andrew (August 29, 2023). "Digital Eclipse is Preserving Classic Games in the Most Entertaining Way Possible". The Verge. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023.
  41. 1 2 3 Handley, Zoey (August 29, 2023). "Review: The Making of Karateka". Destructoid. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  42. ↑ Hagues, Alana; Reynolds, Ollie (August 25, 2023). "Don't Panic, The Making Of Karateka Will Arrive On Switch This Month After All". Nintendolife. Archived from the original on August 25, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2023.
  43. ↑ "The Making of Karateka". Metacritic .
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.