The Precursor Class was essentially a larger version of the LNWR "Improved Precedent" Class, being Whale's first attempt at producing a locomotive which would remove the requirement for express trains to be double headed (then standard practice on the LNWR).[5] 130 examples of the class were constructed at Crewe Works between March 1904 and August 1907,[6] their introduction allowing Whale to phase out the unreliable compound locomotives favoured by his predecessor, Francis Webb.[7][8][9] As built, they were saturated, although a small number were fitted with superheaters between February 1913 and September 1919.[3]
Precursor Class no. 1117 Vandal at Shrewsbury engine shed, soon after emerging from Crewe Works in November 1904 (from an old postcard).
Whilst the Precursors created issues for crews as some of the cab controls were difficult to operate or reach,[11] they were generally successful in terms of operating performance.[12] However, having apparently experienced difficulty keeping time on trials between Crewe and Carlisle, they were not used on heavier gradients such as the climb to Shap.[lower-alpha 1] A consequence of this was the introduction of an extended version of the Precursors, the 4-6-0"Experiment" Class, in 1905.[14] Nevertheless, double heading was still necessary on many trains north of Preston due to accelerated schedules and increased loads.[15]
In 1910, the Precursors were developed by Whale's successor, Charles Bowen-Cooke, into the 4-4-0 superheated "George the Fifth" Class.[5][16] The main visual difference was that the Precursors had separate splashers over each of the driving wheels while the Georges had combined splashers that covered both pairs.
The LNWR reused numbers and names from withdrawn locomotives, with the result that the numbering system was completely haphazard. Starting with the first of the class 513 "Precursor" in 1913, were given superheaters, the process continuing until just after grouping in 1923. Most of the superheated engines were also converted from having slide valves to piston valves.
This resulted in two main subclasses; saturated locomotives with 19 by 26 inches (480mm ×660mm) cylinders, and superheated locomotives with 20.5 by 26 inches (520mm ×660mm) cylinders. The LMS gave them the power classification 3P. The saturated engines were given the LMS numbers in the 5187–5266 series, though not all survived long enough to receive them. The superheated engines were given the LMS numbers 5270–5319 (5267–5269 were not used).
The LMS continued to superheat engines until 1926, these rebuilds retained their LMS number. Also, three superheated engines became saturated via boiler swaps.
Withdrawals of the saturated engines started in 1927 and the last engine in as built condition was withdrawn in 1935. The four superheated engines which retained slide valves were withdrawn from 1931 to 1936. Withdrawals of the superheated engines with piston valves began in 1935. Those not withdrawn had 20000 added to their numbers from 1934 to 1937 to make room for Black Fives.
By the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, only 11 Precursors were still in service.[3][17] A single example, 25297 "Sirocco", was inherited by British Railways in 1948, but this was withdrawn in June 1949 before the number it had been allocated (58010) could be applied.[18][19]
None were preserved.
Accidents
Great Bridgeford
On 17 June 1932, locomotive number 5278 Precursor was hauling the 7:23p.m.Crewe to Stafford and Birmingham New Street express passenger service when, at around 7:52p.m., the engine and all four coaches derailed just to the south of Great Bridgeford station, Staffordshire.
Of the 70 to 80 passengers on board the train, three were killed immediately and a fourth died in hospital the next day. Together with the driver and fireman, 9 passengers received injuries serious enough to require hospital care, whilst a further 18 were treated at the scene and able to continue their journeys.[20][21]
(a) Name changed November 1904.[23] (b) Name removed September 1936.[24] (c) Name changed May 1911.[25][24] (d) Name changed November 1914 and December 1915.[23] (e) Name removed August 1933.[24] (f) Superheater fitted. (g) Superheater fitted but later removed. (h) Converted to LNWR George the Fifth Class. (i) 20000 added to LMS number. (j) Allocated, but never carried number 58010 by British Railways.
↑ Although the withdrawal dates listed are drawn from both Baxter[3] and Yaedon,[17] information from the latter was preferred in the 10 instances where these sources disagreed. Two of Baxter's dates appear to be misprints, namely June 1947 for 25297 Sirocco, and June 1957 for 25302 Shamrock. There are 7 further discrepancies of one month, and one of two months. Differences of a single month could possibly be explained by Yaedon's method of correcting for the fact that until August 1927, LMS stock returns were based on calendar months, but then the company accountants decided to split the year up into periods of 4 weeks.[22]
Related Research Articles
George Whale was an English locomotive engineer who was born in Bocking, Essex, and educated in Lewisham, London. He worked for the London and North Western Railway (LNWR).
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The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) "Precursor Tank" Class was a type of 4-4-2 tank steam locomotive. Fifty were built to the design of George Whale between May 1906 and April 1909, being a tank engine version of his "Precursor" Class.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 Baxter, Bertram (1979). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 2B: London and North Western Railway and its constituent companies. Ashbourne: Moorland Publishing Company. pp.260–264. ISBN0903485842.
↑ Yeadon, Willie B. (1995). A Compendium of LNWR Locomotives 1912–1949. Part One: Passenger Tender Engines. Nottingham: Booklaw/Railbus. p.39. ISBN1899624368.
↑ Patrick, David J. (2007). The Railway Photographs of P. W. Pilcher. Chester: London & North Western Railway Society. pp.12, 75. ISBN9780954695149.
Casserley, H. C. & Johnston, Stuart W. (1974) [1966]. Locomotives at the Grouping 3: London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan. pp.62–64. ISBN0-7110-0554-0.
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