Leroy Charles Griffith (born March 26, 1932) is an American theater and nightclub proprietor, former Broadway and off-Broadwaytheater producer and director, and former burlesque and adult filmproducer. In a career spanning 75 years, he has owned, leased, or operated more than 70 theaters, cinemas, and nightclubs across the United States, dating from the burlesque era of the 1950s to the present.
During burlesque's heyday, Griffith was a prolific producer of live stage shows featuring showgirls, strippers, comedians, vaudevillians, and other stars of the era. As burlesque declined in popularity, he made the crossover to exhibiting as well as producing adult films and operating strip clubs, notably past and present Miami-area clubs such as Club Madonna, Deja Vu, and Wonderland.
His business endeavors in the adult entertainment industry have, for decades, put him at odds with restrictive municipalities, and he has taken legal action, often successfully, to defend his constitutional rights and be able to operate his establishments.
Early years
Griffith was born in Poplar Bluff, Missouri, to Stella Duncan and Floyd Roy Griffith. His father was a theater owner. The younger Griffith began as a projectionist, cashier, and usher at a local theater in his hometown.
At 17, he left for St. Louis and a job working concessions at the Grand Burlesque Theatre for East Coast-based theater concessions magnate Oscar Markovich (1895-1982). At the Grand, Griffith started as a "candy butcher," hawking candy and trinkets to burlesque audiences before and during intermission.[1] "In those days," Griffith recalled in a 1993 interview, "they had probably 30 people in the cast, a chorus line, an orchestra, two comics, a singer, a vaudeville act, and then five exotic dancers. It was a good show."[2]
At age 17, Griffith left a small town and got his big-city start selling candy in the now-demolished Grand Burlesque Theatre in St. Louis, Mo.
Griffith discovered that any profit to be made was not from the show itself but from the concession stand: "That's where I was. In between acts, the pitchman would sell prize packages, candy, stuff like that. Concessions was where the real money was, just like it is with regular movies today."[2] After working his way up to concessions manager, Griffith began accruing money for higher ambitions.
A June 1955 Billboard magazine column noted that the 23-year-old "Leroy Griffith, concession manager at the Folly [Theater], Kansas City, Mo., is now the owner of the Missouri Coffee Shop with an enlarged dining room and a new air-conditioned system."[3]
After discharge from the military, Griffith acquired his first theater, the Star,[4][5] in Portland, Oregon. After a limited operation of a Kansas City, Missouri, restaurant and another period of short-term employment with Markovich, he opened a theater in Detroit, Michigan. He was in his mid-twenties.
According to a 1959 Billboard article, Griffith was described as one of the "brigade of regulars" employed by the popular King Reid Shows, a carnival that traveled the New England and Canada circuit and which was founded by Vermont showman and state legislator "King" Reid Lefèvre (1904-1968).[6] Griffith managed the carnival's popular "Club 17 Revue," which featured burlesque shows.[7]
Theater and club owner
Outside his Roxy Theater (today, Club Madonna) in Miami Beach, Fla., c.1975.
Identifying "legitimate theaters" that were going out of business, Griffith began acquiring them. "These places would go under," he said in a 1993 interview, "and I'd go in and take over and make them successful with an adult policy."[2] He gradually acquired scores of theaters throughout the United States.
Converting such theaters to adult fare proved popular and lucrative. He recounted to the New York Times in 1970 that he built a brand new theater and showed The Sound of Music, but lost money. Upon switching to an adult policy, he reaped $4,000 the first week (equivalent to $32,000 in 2024).[8]
Burlesque producer
From the late 1950s to the late 1960s, Griffith was one of the nation's leading producers of burlesque entertainment. Nightly, and during matinees, the curtains went up in his circuit of theaters throughout the country — from small cities such as Fort Wayne, Indiana, to metropolises like Chicago and New York City — with live shows featuring showgirls, strippers, comedians, vaudevillians, and other performing stars of the era.
Even as burlesque's popularity faded in the 1960s, one of Griffith's Florida theaters was reported to be thriving as one of the 20 remaining burlesque theaters in the nation.[9] When finally the genre ceased to be a popular and profitable attraction, one of its last remaining producers adapted to changing tastes and times, converting his burlesque houses to adult film theaters and strip clubs.
A promotional poster for Griffith's Broadway revue, Hello Burlesque.
Broadway and off-Broadway producer
This Was Burlesque, a revue conceived by and starring burlesque star Ann Corio, was staged for 124 performances at Griffith's Hudson Theater on Broadway during the 1964–65 season, from March to June 1965.[10][11][12] It went on to tour across the U.S. in various productions over the next two decades.[13]
Griffith also produced Hello Burlesque, a 1965 show featuring showgirl Julie Taylor, "Miss Sex 5th Avenue".
He directed and co-produced The Wonderful World of Burlesque, an off-Broadway show that ran for 211 performances at the Mayfair Theater, from May to June 1965.[14][15]
Signing his Mundo depravados co-stars Tempest Storm and Herb Jeffries (far left) to film contracts in 1967.
Film producer
Griffith produced the sexploitation films Bell, Bare and Beautiful (1963), Lullaby of Bareland (1964), The Case of the Stripping Wives (1966), Mundo depravados (1967), and My Third Wife, George (1968).[16] These films were exhibited in nationwide screenings, then later released in video format.
He was one of the first producers ever to hire a bi-racial couple to star in a film when he cast Tempest Storm and Herb Jeffries, "Hollywood's First Black Singing Cowboy,"[17] as the stars of his 1967 film Mundo depravados. Storm's 1959 marriage to Jeffries, according to the New York Times, "broke midcentury racial taboos, costing her work".[18]Interracial marriage in the U.S. was not declared legal until a 1967 Supreme Court ruling.
Griffith's theaters and clubs
Griffith owned, leased, or operated more than 70 theaters, cinemas, and nightclubs throughout the U.S., mostly concentrated in the Northeast, the Rust Belt, and the South.
Florida
In addition to various theaters throughout Miami and Miami Beach, Griffith has operated these Florida theaters:
He bought the Boulevard in 1970 for $125,000[19] and renamed it the Pussycat, creating three different theaters within: the Pussycat, the center theater, was a 900-seat theater that showed adult films; the Kitty Cat featured female performers; and the Tomcat featured male performers. Later rebrandings of the theater-turned-strip club would include the names Wonderland and Gold Rush.
Miami-area theaters of Griffith's included (from left) the Boulevard, Cameo, Carib, Paramount, and Roxy.
Miami Beach
On a visit to Miami Beach in 1961, Griffith noticed the Paris Theater was for sale. He originally leased it, then bought it, and staged burlesque there, under the name Paris Follies. Featured headliners included Tempest Storm and Blaze Starr. He sold it in 1986, then bought it back after its owners failed with the nightclub Paris Moderne, and later sold it again.[2]
But while he staged burlesque at the Paris in the early '60s, Griffith didn't call it "burlesque"; doing so would have been against local law.
"You couldn't even use the word," he recalled three decades later. "I had one big stage show called 'The Top Stars of Burlesque,' with Blaze Starr and all these people. I told the city, 'It's not burlesque. It's the top stars of burlesque. There's no law against the people of burlesque.' The city decided they'd fix me by charging me $1,000 for a special license to do the show. I said fine. I was going to have to pay $1,600 for a regular permit anyway."[2]
In February 1963, Griffith appeared before the Miami Beach city council to plead for live stage burlesque to "liven up a dead town."[20]
Griffith continued to open new venues throughout South Florida, from Broward County in the north to Key West in the south. In addition to bringing in live acts, he began showing movies. He also began producing films and exhibiting them in his theaters nationwide.
— Griffith, recalling local regulations in 1960s-era Miami Beach
As burlesque was petering out across the rest of the country, Griffith added the Gayety on Collins Avenue to his theater chain in July 1964.[22] In 1965, the Gayety was reported to be thriving as one of the 20 remaining burlesque theaters in the nation.[9] Later, as a strip club, its names would include SoBe Showgirls and Deja Vu. Across the street, he also operated the 21st Street Adult Theater.
On the city's storied Lincoln Road, he had three theaters: the Beach, the Carib, and the Flamingo. "I used to do [benefit] shows at the Carib, which seated over 2,000 people," Griffith recounted in a 1993 interview, "and donated the theater, staff, advertising, and helped get talent. This all went to the widows and orphans of the firemen and the policemen."[2]
On the city's other major thoroughfare, Washington Avenue, Griffith operated the Cameo, the Paris, the Plaza Art, and the Roxy. Griffith generated publicity at the Roxy when, in 1967, he publicly invited city officials to a screening of the film, Man and Wife. "It was advertised as the art of making love 49 different ways," he recalled in 1993. "I don't remember inviting them, but I vaguely remember the incident. I think that was the first hard-core movie ever shown down here."[2] According to press accounts at the time, the officials seemed to think the movie was boring, but not obscene.[2]
"One time Sammy Davis Jr.(above left, with Griffith in 1966), Frank Sinatra, and [comedian]Belle Barth came into the Gayety Theater [in Miami Beach] when I was running it. We had a Chinese dinner together, and then started watching the coming attractions for an X-rated film that was going to be running. For fun we shut the sound off and the three of them – Frank, Sammy, and Belle – improvised the sounds to go along with the scenes. They were all moaning and groaning and making funny noises. It was hysterical." — Griffith
A young Mickey Rourke once worked for Griffith as a cashier and projectionist in Miami Beach.[2]
Controversy over use of Madonna name
In 1994, Griffith converted the Roxy from an adult movie theater to an all-nude strip club (Club Madonna), which it remains today. Griffith successfully withstood an attempt by attorneys for the pop singer Madonna to prevent him from using the name.[24][25] According to an April 1994 item in the Daily Mail —
The singer, who wants to open a parade of strip clubs herself, had her lawyer fire off a letter to the club's owner, Leroy Griffith, telling him he would have to change the name of his establishment "because it gives the impression that my client endorses your club and its activities." An attorney for the club hit back saying: "If Madonna wants to take down the sign, she'll have to stop by with a ladder and do it herself."[26]
Newsweek reported that her lawyers claimed she had been "injured" by her perceived association with the club and that its name was "a serious violation of our client's rights" under U.S. trademark law. Griffith's attorney countered that Madonna is a name "that's been in the public domain for a couple of thousand years."[25] Griffith declared to a local TV station, "Our name is Club Madonna, Incorporated, and it will be there as long as we're legally allowed to do so, and I think that'll be for a long, long time."[27]
Stormy Daniels
Griffith – once a guest aboard Donald Trump's private helicopter long before Trump became president – hired Trump's one-time sex partner and adult film star Stormy Daniels for a two-night appearance at Club Madonna in 2018, during her “Make America Horny Again” tour. "I got her at the right price," Griffith told a local newspaper.[28]
Mid-Atlantic U.S.
Griffith's theaters in the Mid-Atlantic region included:
Griffith earned the scrutiny of then-U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy after he promoted his Gayety Burlesque Theater in the nation's capital with a sign that included the abbreviation "F.B.I.". Kennedy summoned Griffith to his Justice Department office, demanding an explanation. After Griffith explained that it stood for "Fine Burlesque Inside," Kennedy is said to have laughed.
Ohio
Griffith was co-operator of Toledo'sTown Hall Theater with "Queen of Burlesque" Rose La Rose (1916-1972), a nationally-renowned stripper who, having shrewdly saved and invested her earnings, retired in 1958, settled in Toledo, and purchased the Town Hall and, eventually, another local theater.[29] She was one of the rare women on the burlesque circuit to evolve from performer to theater owner in her own right.
For a detailed table of Griffith's theaters and clubs, click here.
Legal battles
Police raids were a common risk of the trade for Griffith. One night, he and his dancers were arrested, only to return and open up the same night.[1]
Miami officials once revoked his business license, but Griffith, undeterred, popped into his box office briefly, only for police to enter and arrest him for operating a theater: "I would get in the police car. We were arrested 24 times, I think, in one night."[1] He blamed his frequent skirmishes with municipalities on "politicians wanting their name in the papers. You have those problems in this business."[1]
v. The City of Indianapolis (1962)
Griffith's Ritz Theater, in Indianapolis, Ind., began hosting burlesque performances in 1962 in addition to showing adult films. Outcry from neighborhood residents led to intense scrutiny from city officials and the local newspaper, resulting in the arrest of the show's star and Griffith on indecency charges and the confiscation of 15 film reels in a June 1962 raid. The city revoked the theater's license the next month.[30][31]
Fear of Love controversy, Miami Beach (1970)
Fear of Love, Emile A. Harvard's avante-garde "educational" and "provocative comedy in two acts" with "graphic demonstrations of marriage behavior," was staged live at the Roxy in Miami Beach in 1970. Its cast members, both male and female, performed nude.
The play, according to a synopsis of its previously-produced film version, was "an accurate presentation of married people having sexual difficulties and the unique, progressive approach in which a modern marriage counselor tries to solve them" and based "on actual cases."[32][33]
Griffith told The Miami Herald's entertainment editor in a Sept. 10 column that he anticipated no legal harassment over his production, pointing to a California court ruling that "nothing in a play on the stage is obscene."[34]
On Sept. 23, Mayor Jay Dermer called for a grand jury investigation of the Roxy for showing the play. He charged that it showed "live complete nudity, simulated sexual intercourse and homosexuality among females" and had "an extremely thin plot."[35]
Though the city's vice squad officers and the chairman of Dermer's advisory committee to combat pornography branded the play pornographic, a municipal judge ruled that it was not obscene.[35]
Griffith slammed the mayor's move as "just another way of harassment and getting his name in the paper." He told The Miami Herald, "I suggest Mayor Dermer see a few of the plays around town, including 'Hair,' and stop watching the Saturday morning cartoons. This is 1970."[35]
On Sept. 29, a grand jury indictment was unsealed; vice squad officers raided the Roxy that evening, arresting Griffith and his cast as they left the stage following a performance.[36]
On the night of Oct. 5, six of the play's cast members were arrested for the second time in a week on charges of lewd and lascivious conduct. Griffith was charged with "operating a house of ill fame and presenting an obscene performance." An actor who was the only member of the cast who did not disrobe on stage was charged with participating in an obscene performance. Griffith complained to detectives, "People are being robbed out on the street and you guys are in here."[36]
The next day, Griffith won a temporary restraining order from a local judge to keep the Roxy from being raided again. When the judge dissolved the order three weeks later, Griffith pulled the play from the Roxy's schedule.[37]
v. Linda Lovelace (1974)
"If a judge in Washington, D.C., decides that the nekkid female torso isn't indecent, many showmen around the nation will follow the lawsuit brought by Hudson Burlesk producer Leroy Griffith."
— Walter Winchell, in his July 31, 1966, nationally-syndicated gossip column
In 1974, Griffith won a $32,038 judgment for damages against Linda Lovelace, who appeared in the 1972 hardcore film Deep Throat. He had hired her for $15,000 a week for four weeks[39] to star in a live, Las Vegas-style stage revue at his Paramount Theater in Miami, slated for November 1973, but she failed to appear. The judge awarded Griffith just half of the amount he sought.[40]
v. Miami Mayor Maurice Ferré (1982)
Miami Mayor Maurice Ferré, bent on keeping "indecent" sex films off cable television in his city, sponsored a non-binding straw vote to ban them. Miami voters gave only a narrow 51 to 49 percent approval to his effort. Declaring "I don't know how to define it, but I know it when I see it," Ferré urged that a committee be named to decide what was obscene.
Griffith filed suit to stop the committee, whereupon Ferré abandoned his proposal. Thwarted in his bid to fight indecency, the mayor pledged to introduce a charter amendment on softcore pornography for Miami voters to decide, one which would specifically define what was indecent and leaving courts to determine which specific films met that definition.[41]
v. The City of Hialeah, Fla. (1985)
Griffith turned Hialeah's Atlas Cinema into an X-rated theater in August 1985, outraging Mayor Raul Martinez. "The issue is not censorship," Martinez said at the time. "It is morality. They will bring in derelicts, the sick of mind. They're like herpes – wherever they go, everybody gets infected. We don't need that."[2]
The day after opening, in a pre-emptive strike, Griffith's lawyers sued the city, charging that a Hialeah zoning ordinance banning porn cinemas within 500 feet of residences was unconstitutional. His court challenge failed and the theater was ordered shut down.[2]
v. Dade County, Fla. (1987)
Between 1976 and 1987, the Pussycat was raided 18 times. Efforts by the county to charge him with a felony for screening two obscene movies within 5 years collapsed when Griffith's attorney pointed out that too much time had elapsed between incidents. When prosecutors then indicated they might like to charge him with a simple misdemeanor for the more recent indiscretion (showing the 1985 adult film American Babylon), his attorney argued it had been two years since that film had been confiscated, thus denying Griffith his right to a speedy trial. The judge agreed and threw out the case.[2]
In April 1987, the Dade State Attorney's Office filed a ten-page complaint demanding that the Pussycat be shut down. This time the charge was brought under the Florida Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act. Because the Pussycat had been raided 18 times in eleven years, prosecutors contended, it must be an ongoing criminal enterprise. "That's not what the RICO Act was put in for," Griffith retorted. A judge agreed and dismissed the complaint.[2]
v. The City of Miami (1987)
In 1987, city officials confiscated movie projectors, a refreshment stand, and other property from Griffith's Pussycat Theater. He had just won a court fight with the city over his right to exhibit a film called Three Ripening Cherries. He was accused of owing more than $50,000 in fines dating back to 1978. The city bungled part of the collection process in a technical snafu, so Griffith ended up accountable for only $21,400.[2]
An auction of his theater equipment was conducted to satisfy that debt. The winning bid came in at $13,500, from Griffith himself, effectively reducing his penalties by another $8,000.[2]
v. The City of Hollywood, Fla. (1987)
Griffith's attorneys filed suit in November 1987 against Hollywood, Fla., asking a Broward County judge to declare the city's ordinances banning nude dancing unconstitutional. They asserted that the city's censorship was a violation of the First Amendment.
"If I was a judge taking bribes, a banker trying to swindle my customers out of bank funds, a doctor selling drugs, I might feel bad. But seeing a nude girl? There's nothing immoral about that. And there are more judges and lawyers and cops and bankers in jail than theater owners. I'm not hurting anyone, or stealing, or anything like that."[2]
— Griffith, in a 1993 interview
The suit followed a series of incidents in 1985 in which police raided Griffith's Cine 1 & 2 Theater a dozen times, dismantling projectors and arresting employees on obscenity charges.[42]
v. The City of Miami Beach (1989-2020s)
In late 1989, after the cities of Fort Lauderdale and North Miami Beach outlawed alcohol in establishments featuring nude entertainers, Miami Beach officials – led by Mayor Alex Daoud – feared strip club operators would gravitate to their city and that Miami Beach "would be overrun with sex-mad, drunken men and immoral, naked women."[2]
Confronting Miami Beach city commissioners in 2009 on the city's ban of alcohol in nightclubs featuring nudity.
The imminent debut of the Gold Club, whose owners had intended to introduce nudity and alcohol in their new building on 5th Street, spurred the City Commission to pass local legislation prohibiting such a mix.[2]
Griffith announced that if the Gold Club was allowed to open with liquor and nudity, he would move his hard-core films from the Gayety Theater to the Roxy, which then was showing second-run movies for general audiences. In turn, he would convert the Gayety into an upscale nude bar to compete with the Gold Club.
Daoud said, "We don't have to sit idly by and watch [adult clubs] open up. It would be detrimental to the growth of our city that has been developing so nicely."[2]
The city passed an ordinance in January 1990 prohibiting not only nudity and alcohol sharing the same room, but also banning any nudity near schools and churches. The Gold Club did open with nude dancers, but soon folded under the handicap of the no-liquor policy.
"There's nothing immoral about the human body. Evil's all in the mind."[2]
— Griffith
Griffith, meanwhile, successfully changed the Gayety into an all-nude, alcohol-free strip club, Deja Vu, and turned the Roxy into another one, Club Madonna. Daoud was removed from office a year later after being implicated on unrelated corruption charges for which he was later convicted and imprisoned.[2] Daoud said in 2012 that he supported the city's ordinance partly because of fears of a strip club deluge and also because he hoped to squeeze a $25,000 bribe out of the Gold Club's lobbyist, former mayor Harold Rosen.[43] Griffith and Daoud have since become close friends.
From the early 2000s to the early 2020s, Griffith was involved in legal disputes with the City of Miami Beach over its 1989-1990 ordinances banning the sale of alcohol in any establishment featuring nudity. He sued several city officials in federal court, alleging they conspired to deny him a fair hearing before the City Commission after he sued the wife of one commissioner for libel, slander, and defamation after she waged a campaign against him, claiming, among other things, that he was a tax cheat.[44][45][46]
Griffith married Linda Rivera in 1989. His children are from two previous marriages.
In May 1964, Griffith saved the life of his 18-month-old son, Cash, after pulling him unconscious from the family pool at their Venetian Islands home. He credited his effort to reading about mouth-to-mouth resuscitation instructions while on an airplane flight the week before.[49]
Griffith's son Charles was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison after the 1985 mercy killing of his three-year-old daughter, who had been in a months-long coma in a Miami children's hospital following a freak accident. He was granted a retrial and, in 1995, took a deal to plead guilty to second-degree murder; he was released with credit for time served and good behavior.[50][51] Charles Griffith later published an addiction recovery magazine and opened a sober house for women transitioning from substance rehab, both dedicated as memorials to his late daughter.[52]
Philanthropy
Griffith, for years, hosted annual shows at his Carib Theater benefiting the Miami Beach Police and Firemen's Benevolent Association. In 1969, Miami Beach police chief Rocky Pomerance was disturbed by the publicity from Griffith's $2,200 donation to the association. Pomerance asked the group to give it back on the premise that "simple ethical morality" demanded it, but he was rebuffed. The group used the donation to create a scholarship fund for children of police and firemen killed before retirement.[53]
The city's police softball teams and the Miami Beach Policemen's Relief and Pension Fund have also been beneficiaries of Griffith's charitable giving. In 1997, the MBPD recognized Griffith for his donation of bicycles to the department, for use by its bike patrol officers.
Nationally syndicated gossip writer Earl Wilson thanked Griffith in a December 1965 column "for his welcome Christmas check for the 'Earl Wilson Help the Needy Fund' which arrived just in time to aid some deserving folk."[54]
Work
Broadway and off-Broadway stage productions
This Was Burlesque (1965) - co-producer
Hello Burlesque (1965) - producer
The Wonderful World of Burlesque (1965) - co-producer, director
Filmography
Bell, Bare and Beautiful (1963) - producer, writer, actor (Theater Manager)
Formerly located at 550 Washington Avenue.[91][92] Griffith's first acquisition upon settling in South Florida in 1961. The Art Deco building's interior has been transformed into an upscale restaurant.
Located at 1536 7th Avenue in Tampa's Ybor City section. Closed in the 1970s, then was renovated and reopened c. 2000. It is home today to the Tampa Improv Comedy Club.[97][98]
Located at 1503 E. 7th Avenue in Tampa's Ybor City section. Opened as the Rivoli; expanded in the 1930s as the Ritz and showed movies until 1982. Reopened in 2008 and is used for concerts and special events.[99][100]
Formerly located at 336 S. State Street, two blocks from the Gayety. Opened as a venue for vaudeville and movies, it was a burlesque house by the 1930s and closed in 1953. It is the site today of Pritzker Park.[105][106]
Located at 3422 / 3430 N. Illinois Street. Considered one of the leading movie houses in the city. Burlesque took over in 1962. Known as the Northside from 1958 to 1970. Remodeled, it became a rock concert venue and resumed its former name, but closed in 1972.[108][109][110]
Located at 4710 S. Carrollton Avenue. A classic Art Deco-style theater, it suffered water damage during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 but has since been refurbished as a banquet hall.[111][112]
Located at 300 W. 12th Street.[126][127] Following a renovation in the 1980s, it remains in use today. Was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Village East Cinema•12th Street Cinemas•Casino East•Century•Eden•Entermedia•Louis N. Jaffe Art•Molly Picon's Yiddish Folk•Phoenix•Second Avenue•Stuyvesant•Yiddish Art
Located at 235 West 46th Street. It was a theater in the basement of the Paramount Hotel. From 1938 to 1951, theatrical impresario and song writer Billy Rose operated his Diamond Horseshoe nightclub there.
Located at 511 E. 36th Street. Called "The Carolina’s Most Unusual Theater" in newspaper ads in the '60s, it was restored in recent years and today (as the Neighborhood) features bands and musicians.[143][144]
Located at 2523 N. High Street, it opened in the silent picture era as The Piccadilly. An adult movie theater from the '50s to its demolition.[153][154]
Located at 626 SW 4th Street. Renamed the Blue Mouse in 1958. Famous stripper Tempest Storm co-owned and operated the Capitol in the 1950s.[164][165][166][167]
Located at 13 NW 6th Avenue. Opened as the Princess, screening silent movies. Became the Star Burlesk in 1939, presenting burlesque shows. Refurbished, it remains in operation today.[4][5]
Formerly located at First Avenue and Madison Street. Opened as a burlesque theater featuring, among others, Sophie Tucker and Belle Baker. It later presented legit stage theater, then adult movies before its demolition.[179][180]
Formerly located at 425-433 9th Street NW.[183][184] Opened as The Imperial. Renamed Moore’s Garden Theatre in 1913. Renamed The Central in 1922. Renamed by Griffith as the Gayety Burlesque; presented live burlesque from the 1950s to its closing in the 1970s.
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The Columbia Theatre was an American burlesque theater on Seventh Avenue at the north end of Times Square in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Operated by the Columbia Amusement Company between 1910 and 1927, it specialized in "clean", family-oriented burlesque, similar to vaudeville. Many stars of the legitimate theater or of films were discovered at the Columbia. With loss of audiences to cinema and stock burlesque, the owners began to offer slightly more risqué material from 1925. The theater was closed in 1927, renovated and reopened in 1930 as a cinema called the Mayfair Theatre. It went through various subsequent changes and was later renamed the DeMille Theatre. Nothing is left of the theater.
The Roxy Theater is a former movie theater located at 1527 Washington Avenue in Miami Beach, Florida. In 1994, the Roxy was converted into an adult nightclub and renamed Club Madonna. It is owned and operated by theater and nightclub proprietor and former Broadway theater producer Leroy Griffith.
The Roxy Cinema on Cavendish Street in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England is a former cinema, and one of only two remaining original cinema buildings in the town. Built in 1937 in the Streamline Moderne-style it replaced a late 19th-century theater also called the Roxy. The cinema was purchased by Odeon in 1943, and again by Classic Cinemas in 1967. Throughout its various forms, the cinema only had one screen, although it could seat up to 1,200 people. Its days as a cinema ended in 1976 when it was soon converted into a nightclub.
The Boulevard Theater is a former movie theater located at 7770 Biscayne Boulevard in Miami, Florida. It is owned by theater and nightclub proprietor and former Broadway theater producer Leroy Griffith.
2424 North Lincoln Avenue is a building in Lincoln Park, Chicago, adjacent to the Biograph Theater. From 1912 to 2006, it variously housed the Fullerton Theater, an auto garage, the Crest Theater, and the 3-Penny Cinema. Since 2009 it has been Lincoln Hall, a music venue.
The Mutual Burlesque Association, also called the Mutual Wheel or the MBA, was an American burlesque circuit active from 1922 until 1931. Controlled by Isidore Herk, it quickly replaced its parent company and competitor, the Columbia Amusement Company, as the preeminent burlesque circuit during the Roaring Twenties. Comedians Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Harry Steppe, Joe Penner, Billy Gilbert, Rags Ragland, and Billy Hagan, as well as stripteasers Ann Corio, Hinda Wausau, Gypsy Rose Lee, and Carrie Finnell, performed in Mutual shows. Mae West appeared in Mutual shows from 1922 to 1925. Mutual collapsed during the Great Depression.
The Roxy Theatre is a theater building built in Greenville, North Carolina, in 1938. It served African American audiences and succeeded the Plaza Theatre in the area known as The Block. Both theaters were owned by John W. Warner, a theater owner and filmmaker. He made the local film Pitch a Boogie Woogie with his brother from New York City. The theater closed in 1972 and became a community arts center.
References
1 2 3 4 Zemeckis, Leslie (2013). "Florida". Behind the Burly Q: The Story of Burlesque in America. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN978-1-62087-691-6.
↑ Sky, Rick (April 18, 1994). "THE EDGE: Raunchy singer Madonna is insensed about a Miami strip club calling itself Club Madonna". The Daily Mail. p.17.[dead link]
↑ Huddy, John (September 10, 1970). "John Huddy". The Miami Herald. p.47.
1 2 3 "Mayor Attacks Sex in Play -- Wants Grand Jury Action". The Miami Herald. September 24, 1970.
1 2 Buchanan, Edna (October 6, 1970). "Nude Cast Takes 2nd Trip to Jail". The Miami Herald.
↑ "Around Greater Miami: Nude Play Off After Losing Raid Immunity". The Miami Herald. October 29, 1970. pp.6-D.
↑ Winchell, Walter (July 31, 1966). "Feds Tallying Vegas Loot". Spartanburg Herald-Journal: B6. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
↑ McNeil, Legs; Osborne, Jennifer (2005). The Other Hollywood: The Uncensored Oral History of the Porn Film Industry. HarperCollins. p.111. ISBN978-0060096595.
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!["One time Sammy Davis Jr. (above left, with Griffith in 1966), Frank Sinatra, and [comedian] Belle Barth came into the Gayety Theater [in Miami Beach] when I was running it. We had a Chinese dinner together, and then started watching the coming attractions for an X-rated film that was going to be running. For fun we shut the sound off and the three of them - Frank, Sammy, and Belle - improvised the sounds to go along with the scenes. They were all moaning and groaning and making funny noises. It was hysterical." -- Griffith Sammy Davis, Jr. and Leroy Griffith.jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sammy_Davis%2C_Jr._and_Leroy_Griffith.jpg/200px-Sammy_Davis%2C_Jr._and_Leroy_Griffith.jpg)
