List of Indian scientists

Last updated December 12, 2024

The following article is a list of Indian scientists spanning from Ancient to Modern India, who have had a major impact in the field of science and technology.

Ancient India (Pre 300 BCE)

Lagadha, astronomer, author of one of the oldest known treatises on astrology (around late 2nd millennium BCE and early 1st millennium BCE)
Baudhayana, mathematician, author of oldest surviving texts of Indian mathematics (around 1st millennium BCE)
Jivaka, physician, widely regarded as a model healer in the Eastern world during ancient times (5th century BCE)
Sushruta, father of plastic surgery, author of Sushruta Samhita which is one of the most important ancient medical treatise (600–500 BCE)
Panini, father of linguistics (600–400 BCE)
Charaka, physician (400–300 BCE)
Kanada, natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy which talks about atomism.(Unclear; 600–200 BCE)
Shalihotra, veterinarian (3rd century BCE)

Classical period (300 BCE–500 CE)

Pingala, mathematician and linguist (3rd–2nd century BCE)
Chanakya, polymath (375–283 BCE)
Aryabhata, mathematician and astronomer, author of Aryabhatiya (476–550 CE)

Early medieval period (500–1000 CE)

Varahamihira, astronomer (5th–6th century CE)
Vagbhata, physician (6th century CE)
Brahmagupta, mathematician and astronomer (598–688 CE)
Bhaskara I, mathematician and astronomer (600–680 CE)
Haridatta, astronomer (6th century CE)
Lalla, astronomer and astrologer (720–790 CE)
Madhava-kara, physician (7th–8th century CE)
Gautama Siddha, astrologer, astronomer and compiler in Tang Dynasty, introduced 0 and Indian numerals in China (8th century CE)
Shankaranarayana, astronomer and astrologist (840–900 CE)
Mahavira, mathematician (9th century CE)
Halayudha, mathematician (10th century CE)
Aryabhata II, mathematician and astronomer (920–1000 CE)
Manjula, astronomer (Born 932 CE)
Utpala, astronomer (9th–10th CE)
Vijayanandi, astronomer (940–1010 CE)

Late medieval period (1000–1500 CE)

Sripati, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician (1019–1066 CE)
Brahmadeva, mathematician and astronomer (1060–1130 CE)
Satananda, astronomer (1068–1099 CE)
Bhaskara II, mathematician and astronomer (1114–1185 CE)
Suryadeva Yajvan, astronomer and astrologer (1191– at least 1248 CE)
Govinda Bhattathiri, astronomer and astrologer (1237–1295 CE)
Madhava of Sangamagrama, mathematician and astronomer, founded Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics (1340–1425 CE)
Mahendra Suri, astronomer, wrote the Yantraraja, the first Indian treatise on the astrolabe (1340–1400 CE)
Parameshvara Nambudiri, astronomer (1380–1460 CE)
Nilakantha Somayaji, astronomer (1444–1544 CE)
Damodara, astronomer (15th century CE)
Keshava of Nandigrama, astrologer and astronomer (1496–1507)

Early modern period (1500–1800 CE)

Jyesthadeva, astronomer (1500–1575 CE)
Paarangot Jyeshtadevan Namboodiri, mathematician and astronomer (1500–1610 CE)
Shankara Variyar, astronomer and mathematician (1500–1560 CE)
Achyutha Pisharadi, Sanskrit linguist, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician (1550–1621 CE)
Nilakantha Daivajna, astronomer and astrologer (6th century CE)
Kamalakara, astronomer and mathematician (1616–1700 CE)
Puthumana Somayaji, astronomer and mathematician (1660–1740 CE)
Jagannatha Samrat, astronomer and mathematician (1652–1744 CE)
Sawai Jai Singh, ruler and astronomer, commissioned Jantar Mantar observatory (1688–1743 CE)
Sankara Varman, astronomer and mathematician (1774–1839 CE)

19th century CE

Radhanath Sikdar, mathematician, calculated height of Mt. Everest (1813–1870 CE)
Gode Venkata Juggarow, astronomer (1817–1856 CE)
Pathani Samanta, astronomer (1835–1904 CE)
Jagdish Chandra Bose, polymath, father of radio science (1858–1937 CE)
Sir M. Visvesvaraya, civil engineer and statesman (1861–1962 CE)
Prafulla Chandra Ray, chemist (1861–1944 CE)
Shankar Abaji Bhise, invented type setting machine (1867–1935 CE)
Indumadhab Mallick, polymath, inventor of icmic cooker (1869–1917 CE)
Upendranath Brahmachari, physician (1873–1946 CE) synthesised urea-stibamine (carbostibamide) for the treatment of Kala-azar visceral leishmaniasis
Shiv Ram Kashyap, botanist (1882–1934 CE)
Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia, geologist (1883–1969 CE)
Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje, scholar and agronomist (1884–1967 CE)
M. O. P. Iyengar, botanist and phycologist (1886–1963 CE)
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C. V. Raman), physicist (1888–1970 CE)
Srinivasa Ramanujan, mathematician (1887–1920 CE)
Satya Churn Law, naturalist and ornithologist (1888–1984 CE)
Sisir Kumar Mitra, radio and atmospheric physicist (1890–1963 CE)
Birbal Sahni, paleobotanist (1891–1949 CE)
K. R. Ramanathan, physicist and meteorologist (1893–1984 CE)
K. Ananda Rau, mathematician (1893–1966 CE)
Meghnad Saha, astrophysicist (1893–1956 CE)
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, statistician (1893–1972 CE)
Jnan Chandra Ghosh, chemist (1894–1959 CE)
Satyendra Nath Bose, theoretical physicist, father of God Particle (1894–1974 CE)
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, colloid chemist (1894–1955 CE)
Yellapragada Subbarow, biochemist (1895–1948 CE)
Sunder Lal Hora, ichthyologist (1896–1955 CE)
Salim Ali, ornithologist and naturalist (1896–1987 CE)
Janaki Ammal, botanist (1897–1984 CE)
K.S. Krishnan, physicist (1898–1961 CE)
M. S. Krishnan, geologist (1898–1970 CE)
Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao, physicist (1898–1972 CE)

Early 20th century CE

Kedareswar Banerjee, crystallographer (1900–1975 CE)
L. A. Ramdas, physicist and meteorologist (1900–1979 CE)
Raj Chandra Bose, mathematician (1901-1987 CE)
Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai, mathematician (1901–1950 CE)
Panchanan Maheshwari, botanist, invented test-tube fertilisation technique of Angiosperms (1904–1966 CE)
Kailas Nath Kaul, agronomist (1905–1983 CE)
Benjamin Peary Pal, agronomist (1906–1989 CE)
Daulat Singh Kothari, physicist (1906–1993 CE)
Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar, physicist (1908–1991 CE)
Homi Jehangir Bhabha, nuclear physicist, father of Indian nuclear programme (1909–1966 CE)
Nautam Bhatt, physicist (1909–2005 CE)
P.R. Pisharoty, physicist and meteorologist (1909–2002 CE)
Suri Bhagavantam, physicist (1909–1989 CE)
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, theoretical physicist, known for Chandrasekhar Limit (1910–1995 CE)
Kamala Sohonie, biochemist (1911–1998 CE)
A. S. Rao, physicist (1914–2003 CE)
Sambhu Nath De, pathlogist (1915–1985 CE)
Asima Chatterjee, chemist (1917–2006 CE)
M. S. Balakrishnan, phycologist (1917–1990 CE)
Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan, nuclear chemist (1917–2007 CE)
Anna Mani, physicist and meteorologist (1918–2001 CE)
Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya, physicist and mathematician (1918–2010 CE)
Shya Chitaley, paleobotanist (1918–2013 CE)
V. S. Huzurbazar, statistician (1919–1991 CE)
Vikram Sarabhai, physicist and astronomer, established Physical Research Laboratory (1919–1971 CE)
K. S. Chandrasekharan, mathematician (1920–2017 CE)
Satish Dhawan, aerospace engineer (1920–2002 CE)
Siva Brata Bhattacherjee, X-ray crystallographer (1921–2003 CE)
Vasudeva Krishnamurthy, algologist (1921–2014 CE)
G. N. Ramachandran, biophysicist (1922–2001 CE)
Har Gobind Khorana, biochemist (1922–2011 CE)
Yelavarthy Nayudamma, chemical engineer (1922–1985 CE)
Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, theoretical physicist (1923–2005 CE)
B. V. Sreekantan, astrophysicist (1923–2019 CE)
Homi Sethna, nuclear physicist and chemist (1923–2010 CE)
Harish-Chandra, mathematician and physicist (1923–1983 CE)
Ranjan Roy Daniel, physicist (1923–2005 CE)
M. S. Swaminathan, agronomist (1925–2023 CE)
Nitya Anand, medicinal chemist (1925–2024 CE)
Raja Ramanna, nuclear physicist (1925–2004 CE)
Narinder Singh Kapany, physicist (1926–2020 CE)
Syed Zahoor Qasim, marine biologist (1926–2015 CE)
Samarendra Nath Biswas, theoretical physicist (1926–2005 CE)
Yash Pal, space scientist (1926–2017 CE)
Gopinath Kartha, crystallographer (1927–1984 CE)
Purnima Sinha, physicist (1927–2015 CE)
Tanjore Ramachandra Anantharaman, metallurgist (1927–2009 CE)
Vainu Bappu, astronomer (1927–1982 CE)
M. G. K. Menon, physicist (1928–2016 CE)
U. Aswathanarayana, geologist (1928–2016 CE)
Asoke Nath Mitra, theoretical physicist (1929–2022 CE)
Arvind Joshi, computational linguist (1929–2017 CE)
Amar Bose, electrical engineer (1929–2013 CE)
Govind Swarup, radioastronomer (1929–2020 CE)
Kookal Ramunni Krishnan, physician (1929–1999 CE)
Krityunjai Prasad Sinha, theoretical physicist (1929–2023 CE)
Shrinivas Kulkarni, mathematician (1930–2012 CE)
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, aerospace engineer, missile man of India (1931–2015 CE)
E. C. George Sudarshan, theoretical physicist (1931–2018 CE)
Manilal Bhaumik, physicist (1931–present CE)
Nilamber Pant, space scientist (1931–present CE)
P. K. Iyengar, nuclear physicist (1931–2011 CE)
Surindar Kumar Trehan, mathematician (1931–2004 CE)
C. S. Seshadri, mathematician (1932–2020 CE)
Ganeshan Venkataraman, condensed matter physicist (1932–present CE)
M. S. Narasimhan, mathematician (1932–2021 CE)
Obaid Siddiqi, biologist (1932–2013 CE)
Ratan Lal Brahmachary, biochemist (1932–2018 CE)
Udipi Ramachandra Rao, space scientist (1932–2017 CE)
Daya-Nand Verma, mathematician (1933–2012 CE)
Amartya Sen, economist and philosopher (1933–present CE)
Vasant Ranchhod Gowarikar, meteorologist (1933–2015 CE)
Roddam Narasimha, aerospace scientist and fluid dynamicist (1934–2020 CE)
Ajoy Ghose, mining engineer (1934–2019 CE)
C. N. R. Rao, chemist (1934–present CE)
Gandikota V. Rao, atmospheric scientist (1934–2004 CE)
Subramania Ranganathan, bioorganic chemist (1934–2016 CE)
S. Pancharatnam, optical physicist (1934–1969 CE)
Animesh Chakravorty, chemist (1935–present CE)
Vinod Johri, astrophycisist (1935–2015 CE)
E. S. Raja Gopal, condensed matter physicist (1936–2018 CE)
Jasbir Singh Bajaj, physician and diabetologist (1936–2019 CE)
Rajagopala Chidambaram, nuclear physicist (1936–present CE)
Yusuf Hamied, pharmaceutical scientist, (1936–present CE)
Dronamraju Krishna Rao, geneticist (1937–2020 CE)
B. L. K. Somayajulu, geochemist (1937–2016 CE)
Jogesh Pati, theoretical physicist (1937–present CE)
Raj Reddy, computer scientist (1937–present CE)
Raghavan Narasimhan, mathematician, solved Levi problem for complex manifolds (1937–2015 CE)
Subhash Mukhopadhyay, physician (1937–1981 CE)
Ganapathi Thanikaimoni, palynologist (1938–1986 CE)
A. P. Balachandran, theoretical physicist (1938–present CE)
Chanchal Kumar Majumdar, condensed matter physicist (1938–2000 CE)
Govindarajan Padmanabhan, biochemist and biotechnologist (1938–present CE)
Jayant Narlikar, astrophysicist (1938–present CE)
Shipra Guha-Mukherjee, botanist (1938–2007 CE)
Ajoy Ghatak, physicist (1939–present CE)
Dadaji Ramaji Khobragade, agronomist (1939–2018 CE)
V. K. Aatre, electrical engineer (1939–present CE)
K. R. K. Easwaran, molecular biophysicist (1939–present CE)
M. L. Madan, biotechnologist (1939–present CE)
Narasimhaiengar Mukunda, theoretical physicist (1939–present CE)
Surendra Nath Pandeya, medicinal and organic chemist (1939–2012 CE)
Ramamurti Rajaraman, theoretical physicist (1939–present CE)
Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan, space scientist (1940–present CE)
Sujoy K. Guha, biomedical engineer (1940–present CE)
Darshan Ranganathan, organic chemist (1941–2001 CE)
M. S. Raghunathan, mathematician (1941–present CE)
Nambi Narayanan, aerospace engineer (1941–present CE)
T. V. Ramakrishnan, theoretical physicist (1941–present CE)
Madhav Gadgil, ecologist (1942–present CE)
Patcha Ramachandra Rao, metallurgist (1942–2010 CE)
Probir Roy, particle physicist (1942–present CE)
Ravindra Shripad Kulkarni, mathematician, known for Kulkarni-Nomizu product (1942–present CE)
Shivram Bhoje, nuclear physicist (1942–present CE)
Subhendu Guha, photovoltaicist (1942–present CE)
Sam Pitroda, telecommunication engineer (1942–present CE)
Aditi Pant, oceanographer (1943–present CE)
G Madhavan Nair, space scientist (1943–present CE)
Anil Kakodkar, nuclear physicist (1943–present CE)
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, chemical engineer (1943–present CE)
V. Balakrishnan, theoretical physicist (1943–present CE)
Abhay Bhushan, computer scientist (1944–present CE)
Avinash Kak, computer scientist (1944–present CE)
Jagdish Shukla, meteorologist (1944–present CE)
Naresh Dadhich, theoretical physicist (1944–present CE)
Phoolan Prasad, mathematician (1944–present CE)
S. A. Hussain, ornitholohist (1944–2009 CE)
Tej P Singh, biophysicist (1944–present CE)
Vijay Kumar Kapahi, astrophysicist (1944–1999 CE)
K. N. Shankara, space scientist (1945–2017 CE)
Prem Chand Pandey, planetary scientist (1945–present CE)
Subhash Chandra Lakhotia, cytogeneticst (1945–present CE)
Ranajit Chakraborty, geneticist (1946–2018 CE)
Srikumar Banerjee, metallurgical engineer (1946–2021 CE)
Sudipta Sengupta, structural geologist (1946–present CE)
Vijay P. Bhatkar, computer scientist (1946–present CE)
A. Sivathanu Pillai, aerospace engineer (1947–present CE)
Dattatreyudu Nori, radiation oncologist (1947–present CE)
Mathukumalli Vidyasagar, control theorist (1947–present CE)
Prem Shanker Goel, space scientist (1947–present CE)
Sushanta Kumar Dattagupta, condensed matter physicist (1947–present CE)
Archana Bhattacharyya, physicist (1948–present CE)
K. S. R. Krishna Raju, ornithologist (1948–2002 CE)
M. R. S. Rao, biologist (1948–2023 CE)
Predhiman Krishan Kaw, plasma physicist (1948–2017 CE)
Thirumalachari Ramasami, leather scientist (1948–present CE)
Abhay Ashtekar, theoritical physicist (1949–present CE)
Jyeshtharaj Joshi, chemist and nuclear physicist (1949–present CE)
K. Radhakrishnan, space scientist (1949–present CE)
Sulabha K. Kulkarni, nanotechnologist (1949–present CE)
V. K. Saraswat, aeronautic engineer (1949–present CE)
Lilabati Bhattacharjee, mineralogist and crystallographer (unknown)
Ram Chet Chaudhary, agronomist (unknown)
Radha Balakrishnan, theoretical physicist (unknown)

Late 20th century CE

Gomatam Ravi, quantum physicist (1950–present CE)
Jitendra Nath Goswami, astrophysicist (1950–present CE)
Kamanio Chattopadhyay, materials engineer (1950–present CE)
Sankar K. Pal, computer scientist (1950–present CE)
Chitra Mandal, biologist (1951–present CE)
Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha, theoretical physicist (1951–present CE)
H. R. Krishnamurthy, theoretical physicist (1951–present CE)
Himmatrao Bawaskar, physician (1951–present CE)
Indrani Bose, theoretical physicist (1951–present CE)
Swapan Chattopadhyay, physicist (1951–present CE)
Amitava Raychaudhuri, particle physicist (1952–present CE)
G. R. Desiraju, structural chemist (1952–present CE)
A. S. Kiran Kumar, space scientist (1952–present CE)
Bikas Chakrabarti, physicist (1952–present CE)
Rohini Godbole, physicist (1952–2024 CE)
Salim Yusuf, physician (1952–present CE)
Samir K. Brahmachari, biophysicist (1952–present CE)
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, structural biologist (1952–present CE)
Vidya Arankalle, virologist (1952–present CE)
Amar Gupta, computer scientist (1953–present CE)
Ghanshyam Swarup, molecular biologist (1953–present CE)
Michael Lobo, genealogist (1953–present CE)
S. K. Shivakumar, space communications engineer (1953–2019 CE)
Shobhona Sharma, molecular biologist (1953–present CE)
Veena Parnaik, cell biologist (1953–present CE)
Biman Bagchi, chemist (1954–present CE)
C. K. Raju, polymath (1954–present CE)
Ravindra Kumar Sinha, biologist (1954–present CE)
Harsh Vardhan Batra, biotechnologist (1955–present CE)
Ashoke Sen, theoretical physicist (1956–present CE)
Gaiti Hasan, molecular biologist (1956–present CE)
Narendra Karmarkar, mathematician, developed Karmakar algorithm (1956–present CE)
Shrinivas Kulkarni, astronomer (1956–present CE)
Sunil Mukhi, theoretical physicist (1956–present CE)
Varun Sahni, theoretical physicist (1956–present CE)
K. Sivan, aerospace engineer (1957–present CE)
Thanu Padmanabhan, theoretical physicist (1957–2021 CE)
Mylswamy Annadurai, aerospace engineer (1958–present CE)
Nagendra Kumar Singh, agronomist (1958–present CE)
Pamposh Bhat, environmentalist (1958–present CE)
Santanu Bhattacharya, chemical biologist (1958–present CE)
Vinod K. Singh, chemist (1959–present CE)
Debasish Ghose, robotics engineer (1960–present CE)
Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya, high-energy physicist (1960–present CE)
Ram Rajasekharan, biologist (1960–present CE)
Madan Rao, condensed matter and biological physicist (1960–present CE)
Bharat Ratra, cosmologist and astroparticle physicist (1960–present CE)
K. Sridhar, physicist (1961–present CE)
Lov Grover, computer scientist (1961–present CE)
P. Kunhikrishnan, space scientist (1961–present CE)
Tapan Misra, digital hardware engineer (1961–present CE)
Kalpana Chawla, astronaut and aerospace engineer (1962–2003 CE)
Rajeev Motwani, theoretical computer scientist (1962–2009 CE)
Shekhar C. Mande, computational biologist (1962–present CE)
Uddhab Bharali, inventor, invented pomegrante de-seeder (1962–present CE)
Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava, bioinformatician (1963–present CE)
Sandip Trivedi, theoretical physicist (1963–present CE)
VA Shiva Ayyadurai, systems biologist (1963–present CE)
S. Somanath, aerospace engineer (1963–present CE)
Upinder Singh Bhalla, computational neuroscientist (1963–present CE)
Charusita Chakravarty, chemist (1964–2016 CE)
Abhik Ghosh, inorganic chemist (1964–present CE)
Usha Kulshreshtha, theoretical physicist (1964–present CE)
Manjula Reddy, bacterial geneticist (1965–present CE)
Arun K. Pati, quantum physicist (1966–present CE)
Manindra Agrawal, computer scientist (1966–present CE)
G. K. Ananthasuresh, quantum physicist (1967–present CE)
Giridhar Madras, mechanical engineer (1967–present CE)
Rajesh Gopakumar, theoretical physicist (1967–present CE)
Shubha Tole, neuroscientist (1967–present CE)
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, computational biologist (1968–present CE)
Ramesh Raskar, computer scientist (1970–present CE)
Hari Balakrishnan, computer scientist (1971–present CE)
G. Naresh Patwari, chemist (1972–present CE)
Shiraz Minwalla, theoretical physicist (1972–present CE)
Subramanian Anantha Ramakrishna, optical and condensed matter physicist (1972–present CE)
Aloke Paul, chemical engineer (1973–present CE)
Ambarish Ghosh, materials scientist (1973–present CE)
Kewal Krishan, forensic anthropologist (1973–present CE)
Rajeev Kumar Varshney, agronomist and geneticist (1973–present CE)
Manjul Bhargava, mathematician (1974–present CE)
Yamuna Krishnan, organic chemist (1974–present CE)
Ritu Karidhal, aerospace engineer (1975–present CE)
Nishith Gupta, molecular biologist (1977–present CE)
Pragya D. Yadav, virologist (1978–present CE)
Akhilesh K. Gaharwar, biomedical engineer (1982–present CE)
Pranav Mistry, computer scientist, invented Samsung's SixthSense (1984–present CE)
Tathagat Avatar Tulsi, physicist (1987–present CE)
Praveen Kumar Gorakavi, polymath (1989–present CE)
Alex James, computer scientist (unknown)
Bola Vithal Shetty, chemist (unknown)
Dipan Ghosh, theoretical physicist (unknown)
Gursaran Talwar, physician (unknown)
Kavita Shah, biotechnologist (unknown)
K. N. Ganeshaiah, agronomist (unknown)
Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, biomedical engineer (unknown)
Mirza Faizan, aerospace scientist (unknown)
Maneesha S. Inamdar, biologist (unknown)
Nandini Harinath, aerospace engineer (unknown)
Padmanabhan Balaram, biochemist (unknown)
Rashna Bhandari, biologist (unknown)
Rama Govindarajan, fluid dynamicist (unknown)
Rohini Balakrishnan, bioacousticist (unknown)
Seema Bhatnagar, synthetic chemist (unknown)
Shoba Sivasankar, geneticist (unknown)
Siva S. Banda, aerospace engineer (unknown)
Sivaram Murthy, computer scientist (unknown)
Subhash Kak, computer scientist (unknown)
Subrata Roy, fluid dynamicist (unknown)
Somak Raychaudhury, astrophysicist (unknown)
Sudhir Kumar Vempati, high-energy physicist (unknown)
Suchitra Sebastian, condensed matter physicist (unknown)
Ujjwal Maulik, computer scientist (1965–present CE)
Uma Ramakrishnan, molecular ecologist (unknown)
Umesh Waghmare, physicist (unknown)
R.K. Kotnala, scientist (1982–present CE)

References

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