List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings

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The following is a list of Ottoman sieges and landings from the late 1200s to World War I.

Contents

A map of the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1307 to 1683. Emperi Otoman - Expansion territoriala de 1307 a 1683.png
A map of the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1307 to 1683.
Ottoman territories acquired between 1481 and 1683 (See: list of territories) Ottoman empire.svg
Ottoman territories acquired between 1481 and 1683 (See: list of territories)

Rise (1299–1453)

EventDateResult
Conquest of the island of Kalolimnos (present day İmralı Island) and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara

Conquest of Gallipoli (Battle of Gallipoli (1312))

1308

1312

Conquest of Mudanya by the Ottoman Emirate and the first Ottoman landings in Thrace, southeastern Europe1321
Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf of Gemlik on the Marmara Sea by the Ottoman Emirate1333
Naval victories of Umur Bey against the Serbian infantry, Byzantine and Genoese fleets off the Aegean coasts of Anatolia, Rhodes, the Dardanelles Strait, Macedonia and Morea

(Battle of Stephaniana)

1334–1348
Conquest of Üsküdar (formerly Scutari or Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy (formerly Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, the Marmara Island, Thrace and Gallipoli, Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357, Conquest of Byzantine Empire, Serbian Empire, Second Bulgarian Empire (Battle of Demotika)1352
First Ottoman landings in Attica, Morea and the Adriatic Sea 1372
First conquests and acquisitions in North Macedonia (Battle of Maritsa, Mrnjavčević lands)1371

1373

Conquest of Moravian Serbia (Battle of Dubravnica)

Siege and conquest of Sofia

Siege and conquest of Niš and Pirot (Battle of Pločnik)

Siege and conquest of Thessaloniki and Macedonia (Greece)

1381

1385

1386

1387

Conquest of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Battle of Bileća)

Conquest of most of the southern Balkans (Battle of Kosovo) including northern Bulgaria and Wallachia

1388

1389

Landings at Chios, Euboea, Attica, Morea 1390–1391
Conquest of northern Albania and southern Montenegro 1392
Landings at Morea 1394
Ottoman blockade of Constantinople (1394–1402) begins

Conquest of Wallachia(Battle of Rovine)

1394

1395

Reconquest of northern Bulgaria (Battle of Nicopolis)

Conquest of Albania

1396
Conquest of several coastal settlements on the Aegean Sea coasts of Greece and of several Anatolian beyliks on the Black Sea coasts of Anatolia 1397
Landings at Thessaly, Morea, Albania and Epirus

Conquest against Mongols (Battle of Ankara)

1397–1399

1402

Second Ottoman siege of Constantinople 1411
First conquest of Kurvingrad

Conquest of several islands in the Aegean Sea

1413

1415–1416

Conquest of the strategic port of Samsun in the Black Sea1417
Third Ottoman siege of Constantinople 1422
Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea1423
Ottoman-Venetian War1423–1430
Conquest of the strategic port of Sinop (Sinope) in the Black Sea1424
Conquest of Smyrna from the Anatolian Beylik of that city1426
Reconquest of Thessalonica 1422–1430
Conquest of Ioannina [1] 1430
First siege of Belgrade

First siege and conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Attempted reconquest of Albania (see Siege of Krujë (1450))

1440

1441-1444 1448–1450

Conquest of Arta, in Epirus [2] Second conquest of Kurvingrad 1449

1451

Conquest of Constantinople (İstanbul), Imbros (currently Gökçeada), Lemnos and Thasos 1453

Growth (1453–1550)

EventDateResult
Landings at the Dodecanese Islands

Second Conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress)

Second siege of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1456))

1454

1455

1456

Conquest of Despotate of the Morea, Serbian Despotate and the Duchy of Athens 1458 1459 1460
Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and the Genoese colony of Amasra 1461
Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos1462
Conquest of Kingdom of Bosnia and the castle of Riniassa and its dependent region of Preveza [3] 1463
Ottoman-Venetian War 1463–1479
Conquest of castles and forts in Albania and failed sieges of Krujë (see Siege of Krujë (1466) and Siege of Krujë (1467))1466
Siege of Negroponte (1470) 1470
Siege of Shkodër Archived 10 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine 1474
Conquest of Crimea1475
Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania and second siege of Shkodra 1477 1478
Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy1477 1478
Conquest of Vonitsa, Lefkas, Cephalonia, and Zante [4] 1463
First siege and capture of Otranto 1480
First siege of Rhodes

Conquest of Herzegovina

1480 1481

1482

Ottoman conquest of Kilia (Kiliya) and Akkerman(Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi) 1484
Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa1487 1490
Landings at Elche, Almeria, Málaga1490 1495
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto1496
Conquest of Montenegro (Zeta under the Crnojevići)1496

1499

Ottoman-Venetian Wars 1499 1503
Battle of Zonchio 1499
Landings at Corfu1500
Capture of the Isle of Pianosa1501
Capture of several towns in Sardinia1501
Landings at Piombino1501
Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia1501
Reconquest of Morea1503
Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia1505
Landings at Sicily1506
Landings at Liguria1508 1509
Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily1510
Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers1510
Landings at Reggio Calabria1511
Conquest of Moldavia 1512
Landings at Andalusia and Minorca1512
Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell1513 1514
Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia1514
Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily1514
Conquest of Syria1516
Conquest of Algeria from Spain1516 1517
Landings at Elba and Liguria1516
Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire1517
Landings at Capo Limiti, Capo Rizzuto, Calabria1517
Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France1519
Third siege and conquest of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1521))

Landings at the Balearic Islands

1521
Siege of Knin 1522
Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta1522
Landings at Sardinia1525
Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily1526
Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania1526
Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia1527
Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns1527
Ottoman-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera1529
Capture of the Isle of Peñón1529
Landings at Andalusia1529
Capture of the Isle of Cabrera1530
Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino1530
Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain1531
Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria1532
First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea1534
Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis1534
Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples1534
Recapture of Capri1535
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Tlemcen 1535
Siege of Klis 1537
Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos1537
Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento1537
Landings at Calabria and Corfu1537
Battle of Preveza 1538
Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia1538
Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia1538 1539
Capture of Diu in India1538
Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete1538
Ottoman-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean1538 1566
Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India1538
Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos1539
Reconquest of Castelnuovo 1539
Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete1539
Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia, conquest of Serbia1540
Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain1540
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers1541
Capture of Esztergom, Hungary1543
Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie1543
Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome1543
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples1544
Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida1544
Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari1544
Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto1545
Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia1545
Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta1546
Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare1546
Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese1547 1548
Recapture of Gozo in Malta1547
Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica1547
Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples1548
Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria1549
Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria1550
Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba1550

Transformation (1550-1700)

EventDateResult
Raid on Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria1551
Siege of Tripoli (Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta)1551
Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily1551
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza1552
Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese1552
Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola1552
Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio1552
Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba.
Invasion of Corsica (Capture of Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi).

Recapture of Pianosa and Capri.

1553
Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio1553
Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica1554
Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany1554
Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino1555
Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria1555
Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria1555
Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia1556
Landings at Lampedusa1556
Capture of Cariati in Calabria1557
Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia1557
Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca1558
Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain1558
Battle of Djerba 1560
Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples1561
Siege of Oran1562
Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia1563
Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta1563
Ottoman expedition to Aceh (Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression)1565
Siege of Malta (including capture of Fort Saint Elmo and the Bastion of Castille on Fort Saint Michael)1565
Siege of Szigetvár 1566
Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean1566
Landings at Puglia1566
First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia1569
Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia1569
Battle of Gozo1570
Conquest of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice, sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta 1570–1571
Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice1571
Landings at Corfu1571
Battle of Lepanto 1571
Landings at Puglia and Corfu1573
Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain1574
Landings at Morocco1574
Landings at Calabria1576
Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco1578
Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine1584
Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean1585
Recapture of Esztergom, Hungary1605
Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant1609
Landings at Malta and southern Morea1614
Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon1616
Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean1617
Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August1625
Capture of the Isle of Lundy in the Bristol Channel. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years1627
Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland 1627
Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia1627 1660
Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland1627
Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland1631
Capture of Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland1631
Reconquest of Azov from the Russians1642
Start of the Cretan War: Conquest of Chania in Crete1645
Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete1646
Siege of Candia (Heraklion) in Crete begins 1648
Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark1655 1660
Final stage of the Siege of Candia, ends with capture of city. End of the Cretan war.1666–1669
Sieges of Chyhyryn in Ukraine 1677-1678
Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River1679
Reconquest of Chios during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1684–1699) 1695

Stagnation (1700–1827)

EventDateResult
Recapture of Preveza [5] 1701
Ottoman invasion of western Georgia 1703Conquest of Batumi, Poti, and Anaklia
Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria1708
Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians1711
Start of the Eighth Ottoman-Venetian War with the reconquest of Morea 1715
Conquest of Souda in Crete and the island of Tinos in the Cyclades1715
Unsuccessful siege of Corfu 1716
Turkish-Russian War1738
Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea1769
Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos after the Orlov Revolt 1770
Battle of Chios followed by Battle of Chesme 1770
Failed landing at Kerch against Russian navy1774
Failed landing at Kinburn against Russian army1787
Defeat by Russian fleet near Yılan Island and naval skirmishes around Ochakov 1788
Battles with Russian fleet at Tendra and Kerch 1791
Battle with Russian fleet off Cape Kaliakra 1791
Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Ottoman fleet1799Creation of Septinsular Republic
Reconquest of Egypt1801
Defense of Dardanelles against British and Russians 1807
Battle of Athos 1807
Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia1812 1813
Greek Revolution begins1821
Recapture of Chios from the Greek rebels and massacre of the population 1822
First Siege of Missolonghi 1822
Recapture of the island of Psara from the Greek rebels and massacre of its population 1824
Third Siege of Missolonghi 1825–1826
Battle of Navarino 1827
Battle of Sinope 1854
Defeat of the Russian forces in the Crimean War, led by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia1854 1856
Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River1857
Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkodër1862

Decline (1828–1908)

Dissolution (1908–1922)

EventDateResult
Battle of Gallipoli 1915–1916Ottoman victory and saving of the capital Constantinople from invasion
Turkish War of Independence 1919–1923Turkish Nationalist victory; the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate (1922) and the formation of the Republic of Turkey (1923)

See also

References and sources

  1. Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 974.
  2. Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 974.
  3. Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, pp. 972-975.
  4. Nikos D. Karabelas, 2015, The Ottoman conquest of Preveza and its first castle, p. 975.
  5. Nikos D. Karabelas, 2012, Ottoman fortifications in Preveza in 1702, pp. 48-49.

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