 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(July 2010) |
| Military of the Ottoman Empire |
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The following is a list of Ottoman sieges and landings from the late 1200s to World War I.
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| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Conquest of the island of Kalolimnos (present day İmralı Island) and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara Conquest of Gallipoli (Battle of Gallipoli (1312)) | 1308 1312 | |
| Conquest of Mudanya by the Ottoman Emirate and the first Ottoman landings in Thrace, southeastern Europe | 1321 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf of Gemlik on the Marmara Sea by the Ottoman Emirate | 1333 | |
| Naval victories of Umur Bey against the Serbian infantry, Byzantine and Genoese fleets off the Aegean coasts of Anatolia, Rhodes, the Dardanelles Strait, Macedonia and Morea | 1334–1348 | |
| Conquest of Üsküdar (formerly Scutari or Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy (formerly Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, the Marmara Island, Thrace and Gallipoli, Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357, Conquest of Byzantine Empire, Serbian Empire, Second Bulgarian Empire (Battle of Demotika) | 1352 | |
| First Ottoman landings in Attica, Morea and the Adriatic Sea | 1372 | |
| First conquests and acquisitions in North Macedonia (Battle of Maritsa, Mrnjavčević lands) | 1371 1373 | |
| Conquest of Moravian Serbia (Battle of Dubravnica) Siege and conquest of Sofia Siege and conquest of Niš and Pirot (Battle of Pločnik) Siege and conquest of Thessaloniki and Macedonia (Greece) | 1381 1385 1386 1387 | |
| Conquest of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Battle of Bileća) Conquest of most of the southern Balkans (Battle of Kosovo) including northern Bulgaria and Wallachia | 1388 1389 | |
| Landings at Chios, Euboea, Attica, Morea | 1390–1391 | |
| Conquest of northern Albania and southern Montenegro | 1392 | |
| Landings at Morea | 1394 | |
| Ottoman blockade of Constantinople (1394–1402) begins Conquest of Wallachia(Battle of Rovine) | 1394 1395 | |
| Reconquest of northern Bulgaria (Battle of Nicopolis) Conquest of Albania | 1396 | |
| Conquest of several coastal settlements on the Aegean Sea coasts of Greece and of several Anatolian beyliks on the Black Sea coasts of Anatolia | 1397 | |
| Landings at Thessaly, Morea, Albania and Epirus Conquest against Mongols (Battle of Ankara) | 1397–1399 1402 | |
| Second Ottoman siege of Constantinople | 1411 | |
| First conquest of Kurvingrad Conquest of several islands in the Aegean Sea | 1413 1415–1416 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port of Samsun in the Black Sea | 1417 | |
| Third Ottoman siege of Constantinople | 1422 | |
| Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea | 1423 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian War | 1423–1430 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port of Sinop (Sinope) in the Black Sea | 1424 | |
| Conquest of Smyrna from the Anatolian Beylik of that city | 1426 | |
| Reconquest of Thessalonica | 1422–1430 | |
| Conquest of Ioannina [1] | 1430 | |
| First siege of Belgrade First siege and conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Attempted reconquest of Albania (see Siege of Krujë (1450)) | 1440 1441-1444 1448–1450 | |
| Conquest of Arta, in Epirus [2] Second conquest of Kurvingrad | 1449 1451 | |
| Conquest of Constantinople (İstanbul), Imbros (currently Gökçeada), Lemnos and Thasos | 1453 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Landings at the Dodecanese Islands Second Conquest of Novo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Second siege of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1456)) | 1454 1455 1456 | |
| Conquest of Despotate of the Morea, Serbian Despotate and the Duchy of Athens | 1458 1459 1460 | |
| Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and the Genoese colony of Amasra | 1461 | |
| Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos | 1462 | |
| Conquest of Kingdom of Bosnia and the castle of Riniassa and its dependent region of Preveza [3] | 1463 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian War | 1463–1479 | |
| Conquest of castles and forts in Albania and failed sieges of Krujë (see Siege of Krujë (1466) and Siege of Krujë (1467)) | 1466 | |
| Siege of Negroponte (1470) | 1470 | |
| Siege of Shkodër Archived 10 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine | 1474 | |
| Conquest of Crimea | 1475 | |
| Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania and second siege of Shkodra | 1477 1478 | |
| Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy | 1477 1478 | |
| Conquest of Vonitsa, Lefkas, Cephalonia, and Zante [4] | 1463 | |
| First siege and capture of Otranto | 1480 | |
| First siege of Rhodes Conquest of Herzegovina | 1480 1481 1482 | |
| Ottoman conquest of Kilia (Kiliya) and Akkerman(Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi) | 1484 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa | 1487 1490 | |
| Landings at Elche, Almeria, Málaga | 1490 1495 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto | 1496 | |
| Conquest of Montenegro (Zeta under the Crnojevići) | 1496 1499 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian Wars | 1499 1503 | |
| Battle of Zonchio | 1499 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1500 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Pianosa | 1501 | |
| Capture of several towns in Sardinia | 1501 | |
| Landings at Piombino | 1501 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia | 1501 | |
| Reconquest of Morea | 1503 | |
| Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia | 1505 | |
| Landings at Sicily | 1506 | |
| Landings at Liguria | 1508 1509 | |
| Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily | 1510 | |
| Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers | 1510 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria | 1511 | |
| Conquest of Moldavia | 1512 | |
| Landings at Andalusia and Minorca | 1512 | |
| Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell | 1513 1514 | |
| Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia | 1514 | |
| Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily | 1514 | |
| Conquest of Syria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Algeria from Spain | 1516 1517 | |
| Landings at Elba and Liguria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire | 1517 | |
| Landings at Capo Limiti, Capo Rizzuto, Calabria | 1517 | |
| Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France | 1519 | |
| Third siege and conquest of Belgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1521)) Landings at the Balearic Islands | 1521 | |
| Siege of Knin | 1522 | |
| Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta | 1522 | |
| Landings at Sardinia | 1525 | |
| Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily | 1526 | |
| Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania | 1526 | |
| Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia | 1527 | |
| Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns | 1527 | |
| Ottoman-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Peñón | 1529 | |
| Landings at Andalusia | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Cabrera | 1530 | |
| Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino | 1530 | |
| Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain | 1531 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria | 1532 | |
| First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea | 1534 | |
| Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis | 1534 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples | 1534 | |
| Recapture of Capri | 1535 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Tlemcen | 1535 | |
| Siege of Klis | 1537 | |
| Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos | 1537 | |
| Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento | 1537 | |
| Landings at Calabria and Corfu | 1537 | |
| Battle of Preveza | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia | 1538 1539 | |
| Capture of Diu in India | 1538 | |
| Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete | 1538 | |
| Ottoman-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean | 1538 1566 | |
| Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos | 1539 | |
| Reconquest of Castelnuovo | 1539 | |
| Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete | 1539 | |
| Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia, conquest of Serbia | 1540 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain | 1540 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers | 1541 | |
| Capture of Esztergom, Hungary | 1543 | |
| Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie | 1543 | |
| Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome | 1543 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples | 1544 | |
| Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida | 1544 | |
| Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari | 1544 | |
| Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto | 1545 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia | 1545 | |
| Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta | 1546 | |
| Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare | 1546 | |
| Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese | 1547 1548 | |
| Recapture of Gozo in Malta | 1547 | |
| Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica | 1547 | |
| Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples | 1548 | |
| Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria | 1549 | |
| Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria | 1550 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba | 1550 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Raid on Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria | 1551 | |
| Siege of Tripoli (Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta) | 1551 | |
| Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily | 1551 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza | 1552 | |
| Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese | 1552 | |
| Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola | 1552 | |
| Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio | 1552 | |
| Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba. Invasion of Corsica (Capture of Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi). Recapture of Pianosa and Capri. | 1553 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio | 1553 | |
| Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica | 1554 | |
| Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany | 1554 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino | 1555 | |
| Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria | 1555 | |
| Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria | 1555 | |
| Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia | 1556 | |
| Landings at Lampedusa | 1556 | |
| Capture of Cariati in Calabria | 1557 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia | 1557 | |
| Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca | 1558 | |
| Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain | 1558 | |
| Battle of Djerba | 1560 | |
| Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples | 1561 | |
| Siege of Oran | 1562 | |
| Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia | 1563 | |
| Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta | 1563 | |
| Ottoman expedition to Aceh (Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression) | 1565 | |
| Siege of Malta (including capture of Fort Saint Elmo and the Bastion of Castille on Fort Saint Michael) | 1565 | |
| Siege of Szigetvár | 1566 | |
| Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean | 1566 | |
| Landings at Puglia | 1566 | |
| First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Battle of Gozo | 1570 | |
| Conquest of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice, sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta | 1570–1571 | |
| Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice | 1571 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1571 | |
| Battle of Lepanto | 1571 | |
| Landings at Puglia and Corfu | 1573 | |
| Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain | 1574 | |
| Landings at Morocco | 1574 | |
| Landings at Calabria | 1576 | |
| Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco | 1578 | |
| Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine | 1584 | |
| Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean | 1585 | |
| Recapture of Esztergom, Hungary | 1605 | |
| Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant | 1609 | |
| Landings at Malta and southern Morea | 1614 | |
| Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon | 1616 | |
| Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean | 1617 | |
| Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August | 1625 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Lundy in the Bristol Channel. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years | 1627 | |
| Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland | 1627 | |
| Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia | 1627 1660 | |
| Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland | 1627 | |
| Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland | 1631 | |
| Capture of Baltimore, County Cork, in Ireland | 1631 | |
| Reconquest of Azov from the Russians | 1642 | |
| Start of the Cretan War: Conquest of Chania in Crete | 1645 | |
| Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete | 1646 | |
| Siege of Candia (Heraklion) in Crete begins | 1648 | |
| Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark | 1655 1660 | |
| Final stage of the Siege of Candia, ends with capture of city. End of the Cretan war. | 1666–1669 | |
| Sieges of Chyhyryn in Ukraine | 1677-1678 | |
| Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River | 1679 | |
| Reconquest of Chios during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1684–1699) | 1695 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Recapture of Preveza [5] | 1701 | |
| Ottoman invasion of western Georgia | 1703 | Conquest of Batumi, Poti, and Anaklia |
| Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria | 1708 | |
| Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians | 1711 | |
| Start of the Eighth Ottoman-Venetian War with the reconquest of Morea | 1715 | |
| Conquest of Souda in Crete and the island of Tinos in the Cyclades | 1715 | |
| Unsuccessful siege of Corfu | 1716 | |
| Turkish-Russian War | 1738 | |
| Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea | 1769 | |
| Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos after the Orlov Revolt | 1770 | |
| Battle of Chios followed by Battle of Chesme | 1770 | |
| Failed landing at Kerch against Russian navy | 1774 | |
| Failed landing at Kinburn against Russian army | 1787 | |
| Defeat by Russian fleet near Yılan Island and naval skirmishes around Ochakov | 1788 | |
| Battles with Russian fleet at Tendra and Kerch | 1791 | |
| Battle with Russian fleet off Cape Kaliakra | 1791 | |
| Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Ottoman fleet | 1799 | Creation of Septinsular Republic |
| Reconquest of Egypt | 1801 | |
| Defense of Dardanelles against British and Russians | 1807 | |
| Battle of Athos | 1807 | |
| Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia | 1812 1813 | |
| Greek Revolution begins | 1821 | |
| Recapture of Chios from the Greek rebels and massacre of the population | 1822 | |
| First Siege of Missolonghi | 1822 | |
| Recapture of the island of Psara from the Greek rebels and massacre of its population | 1824 | |
| Third Siege of Missolonghi | 1825–1826 | |
| Battle of Navarino | 1827 | |
| Battle of Sinope | 1854 | |
| Defeat of the Russian forces in the Crimean War, led by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia | 1854 1856 | |
| Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River | 1857 | |
| Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkodër | 1862 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Battle of Gallipoli | 1915–1916 | Ottoman victory and saving of the capital Constantinople from invasion |
| Turkish War of Independence | 1919–1923 | Turkish Nationalist victory; the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate (1922) and the formation of the Republic of Turkey (1923) |
Ahmed Muhiddin Piri, better known as Piri Reis, was an Ottoman navigator, geographer and cartographer. He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-ı Bahriye, a book that contains detailed information on early navigational techniques as well as relatively accurate charts for their time, describing the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
The Battle of Preveza was a naval engagement that took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in the Ionian Sea in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Holy League. The battle was an Ottoman victory which occurred in the same area in the Ionian Sea as the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. It was one of the three largest sea battles that took place in the sixteenth century Mediterranean, along with the Battle of Djerba and the Battle of Lepanto.
Preveza is a city in the region of Epirus, northwestern Greece, located on the northern peninsula of the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf. It is the capital of the regional unit of Preveza, which is the southern part of the region of Epirus. The Aktio-Preveza Immersed Tunnel –the first and so far only undersea tunnel in Greece– was completed in 2002. The 1,570 m long immersed tunnel connects Preveza in the north, to Aktio of western Acarnania to the south. The ruins of the ancient city of Nicopolis lie 7 kilometres north of Preveza.
The Battle of Modon, aka the Second Battle of Lepanto, took place in August 1500 during the war of 1499–1503 between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. The Ottomans, who had won the Battle of Zonchio the previous year, were again victorious under Admiral Kemal Reis.
Murat Reis the Elder was an Ottoman privateer and admiral, who served in the Ottoman Navy. He is regarded as one of the most important Barbary corsairs.
Occhiali was an Italian farmer, then Ottoman privateer and admiral, who later became beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, and finally Grand Admiral of the Ottoman fleet in the 16th century.
Gedik Ahmed Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and admiral who served as Grand Vizier and Kapudan Pasha during the reigns of sultans Mehmed II and Bayezid II.
Aruj Barbarossa, known as Oruç Reis to the Turks, was an Ottoman corsair who became Sultan of Algiers. The elder brother of the famous Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa, he was born on the Ottoman island of Midilli and died in battle against the Spanish at Tlemcen.
Hayreddin Barbarossa, also known as Hayreddin Pasha, Hızır Hayrettin Pasha, and simply Hızır Reis, was an Ottoman corsair and later admiral of the Ottoman Navy. Barbarossa's naval victories secured Ottoman dominance over the Mediterranean during the mid-16th century.
Piali Pasha was an Ottoman Grand Admiral between 1553 and 1567, and a Vizier (minister) after 1568. He is also known as Piale Pasha in English.
Kemal Reis was an Ottoman privateer and admiral. He was also the paternal uncle of the famous Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis, who accompanied him in most of his important naval expeditions.
The Ottoman Navy or The Imperial Navy, also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottomans first reached the sea in 1323 by capturing Praenetos, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future navy.
Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis was the admiral of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the Sanjak Bey of Rhodes. He played an important role in the Ottoman conquests of Egypt (1517) and Rhodes (1522) during which he commanded the Ottoman naval forces. He also helped establish the Ottoman Indian Ocean Fleet based in Suez, which was later commanded by his son, Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis.
Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis was an Ottoman admiral who is best known for commanding the Ottoman naval expedition to Sumatra in Indonesia (1568–1569).
Salah Rais was the 7th King of Algiers, an Ottoman privateer and admiral. He is alternatively referred to as Sala Reis, Salih Rais, Salek Rais and Cale Arraez in several European sources, particularly in Spain, France and Italy.
Dragut was an Ottoman corsair, naval commander, governor, and noble. Under his command, the Ottoman Empire's maritime power was extended across North Africa. Recognized for his military genius, and as being among "the most dangerous" of corsairs, Dragut has been referred to as "the greatest pirate warrior of all time", "undoubtedly the most able of all the Turkish leaders", and "the uncrowned king of the Mediterranean". He was nicknamed "the Drawn Sword of Islam". He was described by a French admiral as "a living chart of the Mediterranean, skillful enough on land to be compared to the finest generals of the time" and that "no one was more worthy than he to bear the name of king". Hayreddin Barbarossa, who was his mentor, stated that Dragut was ahead of him "both in fishing and bravery".
The castle of Bouka was the first major Ottoman fortification of Preveza, in northwestern Greece. It was constructed by the Ottomans in 1478, in order to control the straits of the Ambracian Gulf. In 1701, the Venetians blew the castle up before they handed Preveza over to the Ottomans, according to the terms of the Treaty of Karlowitz.
Skaros, also known as Skaros Rock, Fortress Skaros or Castle Skaros, is a rock formation and collection of ruins on the Greek island of Santorini.
St. George's Castle is an Ottoman fortification located in the city of Preveza, northwestern Greece. It was built in 1807, during the rule of Ali Pasha of Ioannina over the region (1806-1820), and it was constructed on plans drawn by the French engineer Frédéric François Guillaume de Vaudoncourt (1772-1845).
The Castle of Saint Andrew is a fortress in Preveza, Greece. First constructed by the Ottoman Empire in the early 1700s, it was expanded under Venetian rule in 1718–1797 and again under the autonomous regime of Ali Pasha of Yanina in 1807–1808 to become the largest of the several fortifications in the Preveza area.