Argentina
- Proposed state or autonomous area:
Wallmapu [4] [5] - Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, [4] Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, [5] Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America . Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
Wallmapu [4] [5] There are no significant separatist movements in the country.
The South Is My Country 
Republic of São Paulo 
Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon 
Nordeste Independente [12] [10] [13] 
República de Santa Cruz [16] [17]
República de Santa Cruz 
Nación Camba 
Aymara people 
Qullasuyu 
Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto Wallmapu [4] [5] [18] 
Patagonia 
Chiloé 
Republic of Amazonia Aymara people Qullasuyu Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South' [41] The foreign relations of Peru are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. is an important first-tier state in South America, Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945, and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.
Bolivia traditionally has maintained normal diplomatic relations with all hemispheric states except Chile. Foreign relations are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, headed by the Chancellor of Bolivia, Rogelio Mayta.
Tacna, officially known as San Pedro de Tacna, is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. A very commercially active city, it is located only 35 km (22 mi) north of the border with Arica y Parinacota Region from Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of the Caplina River. It is Peru's tenth most populous city.
The Historic Centre of Lima is the historic city centre of the city of Lima, the capital of Peru. Located in the city's districts of Lima and Rímac, both in the Rímac Valley, it consists of two areas: the first is the Monumental Zone established by the Peruvian government in 1972, and the second one—contained within the first one—is the World Heritage Site established by UNESCO in 1988, whose buildings are marked with the organisation's black-and-white shield.
The Wiphala is a square emblem commonly used as a flag to represent some native peoples of the Andes that include today's Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, northwestern Argentina and southern Colombia. The 2009 Constitution of Bolivia established the southern Qullasuyu Wiphala as another national symbol of Bolivia, along with the main flag of Bolivia.
Justiniano Borgoño Castañeda was a Peruvian brigadier general and politician who served as the 29th President of Peru, an office he held for four months in 1894. The son of a brigadier general in the Peruvian Army, Borgoño left behind agricultural administration to join the Army following the outbreak of the Peruvian Civil War of 1856–1858. He returned to military service nearly twenty years later to serve in the War of the Pacific, during which he survived a leg wound and being taken as a prisoner of war for three months.
As established in the Colombian Constitution of 1991, women in Colombia have the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote ; to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to receive an education; to serve in the military in certain duties, but are excluded from combat arms units; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parental and religious rights. Women's rights in Colombia have been gradually developing since the early 20th Century.
The Chilean occupation of Peru began on November 2, 1879, with the beginning of the Tarapacá campaign during the War of the Pacific. The Chilean Army successfully defeated the Peruvian Army and occupied the southern Peruvian territories of Tarapacá, Arica and Tacna. By January 1881, the Chilean army had reached Lima, and on January 17 of the same year, the occupation of Lima began.
States of Colombia existed from February 27, 1855, in the Republic of New Granada and the Granadine Confederation, where they were called "federal states". In the United States of Colombia they were called "sovereign states".
Juan José Halty Sarobe is a Chilean former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Irton Marx is a Brazilian journalist, politician and activist. He is known for organizing a movement to separate the southernmost state of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, to form a new country called "Republic of Pampas".
The Chilean Inca trail is a local and popular term among local tourism initiatives and Chilean anthropologists and archaeologists for the various branches of the Qhapak Ñan in Chile and its associated Inca archaeological sites.
Velia Vidal Romero is a Colombian activist, writer, reading promoter, and cultural manager. She is the director of the Motete cultural educational corporation and creator of the FLECHO.
In June 2022, following Gustavo Petro's election as President of Colombia, a vocal group of protesters in Medellín, the capital of Antioquia, took to the streets to reject the election results. Antioquia, known for its conservative leanings and strong support for former President Álvaro Uribe, witnessed significant unrest among residents who opposed Petro, a progressive candidate.
