Galicia irredenta [1] ("Unredeemed Galicia") or Galicia estremeira [2] ("Outer" or "External Galicia"), also spelled as Galiza irredenta [3] and Galiza estremeira [4] and also known as Faixa Leste [5] or Franxa Leste [6] ("Eastern Strip"), is a term used for all Galician-speaking territories located outside of Galicia. These are all located in Spain, in either Asturias or Castile and León. [7] [8] These territories are sometimes divided into three subregions: El Bierzo (O Bierzo in Galician), Eo-Navia (Eo-Navia in Galician) and As Portelas (or Upper Sanabria, As Portelas or Alta Seabra in Galician). [9]
There have been several attempts from these territories to join Galicia. An example is Porto de Sanabria, a small village where, in 2018, a vote was organized to join to the region due to the lack of response from the government of Castile and León to requests from locals to fix a road. 202 people voted in favor, 19 against and 6 did a blank vote. However, this vote did not intend any official change and was only made to know the opinion of the inhabitants. [10]
Another example was that of El Bierzo, a comarca where more people prefer to join Galicia than to stay in Castile and León. There are people who have proposed to turn it into a new province of Spain and join it to Galicia. [11] This initiative became more serious when a request was sent in 2021 to the Xunta de Galicia asking it to recognize El Bierzo as a new province of Galicia. [12] This proposal was rejected by the Spanish prominent parties PP and PSOE. [13]
Galicia is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law. Located in the northwest Iberian Peninsula, it includes the provinces of A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra.
The Galician Nationalist Bloc is a political alliance of left-wing Galician nationalist parties. It is self-defined as a "patriotic front".
The Socialists' Party of Galicia is a centre-left political party in Galicia, Spain. It is the Galician affiliate of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). It defines itself as a Galicianist, social-democratic party.
The Galician People's Front is a Galician political organization with a socialist and independentist ideology.
El Bierzo is a comarca in the province of León, Spain. Its capital is the town of Ponferrada. Other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo, the historical capital.
Galician nationalism is a form of nationalism found mostly in Galicia, which asserts that Galicians are a nation and that promotes the cultural unity of Galicians. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.
Xosé Manuel Hixinio Beiras Torrado is a Galician politician, economist, writer and intellectual. He is professor of Structural Economy at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Santiago de Compostela. He is a former member of the National Council of the Galician Nationalist Bloc, he is currently the leader of Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood, an independentist political party. He formerly had representation in the Galician parliament.
Galician is a Western Ibero-Romance language. It is spoken by some 2.4 million people, mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Spanish. The language is also spoken in some border zones of the neighbouring Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and León, as well as by Galician migrant communities in the rest of Spain, in Latin America including Puerto Rico, the United States, Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe.
The 2012 Galician regional election was held on Sunday, 21 October 2012, to elect the 9th Parliament of the autonomous community of Galicia. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in the Basque Country.
Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood is a political party in Galicia. Formed in 2012, under the guidance of historical leader Xosé Manuel Beiras, Anova was formed by Encontro Irmandiño, the FPG, Movemento pola Base, the Galician Workers Front and independent militants. Anova defines itself as a Galician nationalist, socialist, feminist, Galician independentist, ecologist, internationalist organization. Its internal organization is run by assemblies.
Galiza Ceibe-OLN was an independentist and socialist political party in Galicia, Spain. Galiza Ceibe was founded on 1980 by the Galician Party of the Proletariat as a political and electoral front, originally to present a list in Vigo and in other galician municipalities under the name Agrupación Electoral Galicia Ceibe in the 1979 local elections.
Galiza Nova is the youth organisation of the Galician Nationalist Bloc, founded in 1988.
The Galician Movement for Socialism is a Galician communist, pro-independence and feminist organization. The MGS was born in March 2009, although its origins go back to the summer of 2006. The MGS works inside the Galician Nationalist Bloc and the Confederación Intersindical Galega.
The Galician Socialist Party was a socialist and Galician nationalist political party active in Galicia.
Commitment to Galicia is a Galician political party with a Galician nationalist, progressive ideology.
Galician Workers' Front is a Galician political organization. It was formed in 2010 by militants of the trade union world, mainly of the Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG). The organization was integrated in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) until 2012, when the FOGA abandoned the BNG and was one of the three parties that formed Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood.
Encontro Irmandiño is a political organization that is part of Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood in Galicia, Spain. It used to be an internal current in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). EI was founded in 2007 and has an ideology based in Galician nationalism, direct democracy, anticapitalism, feminism and alter-globalization.
The Galician independence movement or the Galician separatist movement is a political movement which supports the independence of Galicia and Galicia irredenta from Spain, plus the North Region from Portugal (Gallaecia).
Galician Socialist Space is a Galician political party integrated in Máis Galiza and Compromiso por Galicia.
The Exército Guerrilheiro do Povo Galego Ceive was an armed organization formed in 1986 mainly by members of Galiza Ceibe-OLN. It was considered a terrorist organisation by the Spanish Government. The main goals of the organization were the independence of Galicia and the transformation of society according to the principles of socialism. The EGPGPC was operative between 1987 and 1991, a time during which the EGPGC made a total of 90 armed actions and a multitude of provisioning actions.