List of active separatist movements in North America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

1. They are active movements with active members.
2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
3. They are citizens / people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

• De facto state (de facto entity): for regions without diplomatic recognition but with de facto autonomy.
• [Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • Ethnic / ethnoreligious / racial / regional / religious group(s).

Antigua and Barbuda

Barbuda

• Proposed state: Independence for Barbuda or federalism
  • Political parties: Barbuda People's Movement ^{[1] [2]}

Belize

Toledo District ^{[3] [4]}

• Ethnic group: Maya peoples
  • Proposed: autonomy for Maya peoples in southern Belize
  • Political party: Maya Leaders Alliance ^[5]

Canada

Main articles: Secessionist movements of Canada, Indigenous self-government in Canada, and Council of the Haida Nation

Cascadia

Cascadia

• Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
  • Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion ^{[6] [7] [8]}

Western Canada

Western Canada

• Proposed state: West Canada (includes Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan as well as (sometimes) Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut)
  • Political party: Maverick Party, ^{[9] [10] [11]} Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan

Alberta

• Proposed: Independence for Alberta ^{[12] [13] [14]} or unification with the United States ^{[15] [16] [17]}
  • Political parties: Independence Party of Alberta, Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta, Republican Party of Alberta (Unification with USA)

Saskatchewan

• Proposed: Independence for Saskatchewan ^{[18] [19] [20]}
  • Political party: Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan

Quebec

• Proposed: Independence for Quebec or autonomy ^{[21] [22] [23] [24] [25]}
  • Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québécois (RRQ)
  • Political parties (secessionist): Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec, Climat Québec
  • Political parties (autonomist): Coalition Avenir Québec, Équipe Autonomiste

British Columbia

• Proposed state: British Columbia
  • Political party: Progressive Nationalist Party of British Columbia, ^{[26] [27] [28]} BC Independence Party

Northern Ontario

• Proposed: Splitting Northern Ontario out as an independent state
  • Political party: Northern Ontario Party ^{[29] [30] [31]}

Vancouver Island

• Proposed: Breaking Vancouver Island off from British Columbia to create a new province or independence ^{[32] [33] [34]}

Nuxalk

• Proposed state: Nuxalk Nation
  • Advocacy group: Nuxalk Nation (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization until 2008) ^[35]

Cape Breton Island ^[36]

• Proposed: Breaking Cape Breton Island off from Nova Scotia or have autonomy

Nunavik ^[37]

• Ethnic group: Inuit
  • Proposed: autonomy for Nunavik

Newfoundland ^[38]

• Proposed: independence for Newfoundland

Heiltsuk Nation

• Ethnic group: Heiltsuk
  • Proposed: self determination for Heiltsuk Nation ^[39]

Colombia

San Andrés y Providencia

See also: List of active separatist movements in South America § Colombia

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Raizal State
  • Advocacy group: Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination (AMEN-SD) ^{[40] [41] [42] [43] [44]}

Denmark

Map of Greenland

For other movements in Denmark, see List of active separatist movements in Europe § Denmark.

Greenland

• Ethnic group: Greenlandic Inuit, Danish Greenlanders, others
• Proposed: Independence for Greenland ^{[45] [46]}
  • Political parties: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.

Dominican Republic

Cibao

• Proposed state: República del Cibao or autonomy ^{[47] [48]}
  • Advocacy group: MiCibao ^[49]

France

Map of Guadeloupe

Map of Martinique

Main articles: Overseas France, Overseas country of France, Overseas collectivity, and Overseas departments and regions of France

Further information: List of active separatist movements in Europe § France, List of active separatist movements in South America § France, List of active separatist movements in Africa § France, and List of active separatist movements in Oceania § France

Guadeloupe

• Proposed state: Republic of Guadeloupe ^{[50] [51] [52]}
  • Political parties: United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible, Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe ^[53]
  • political party (autonomist): Guadeloupe Communist Party

Martinique

• Proposed state: Republic of Martinique ^{[51] [52]}
  • Political party: Martinican Independence Movement, ^[54] Build the Martinique Country, Péyi-A
  • political party (autonomist): Martinican Progressive Party

Haiti

Gonâve Island

• Proposed state: Gonâve Island or autonomy ^{[55] [56]}
  • Advocacy group: La Gonâve en avant ^{[57] [58]} Jatibonicu Taino Tribal Nation

Grand'Anse, Sud, Sud-Est and Nippes

• Proposed: autonomy for south Haiti ^[59]

Honduras

Coastal Departments of Honduras ^[60]

• Ethnic group: Garifuna
  • Proposed: autonomy for the Garifuna
  • Political party: Organización Fraternal Negra Hondureña

Mexico

Autonomist movements

Zapatista

Chiapas

• Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
• De facto autonomous area: Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
  • Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation ^{[61] [62] [63] [64]}

Triqui

• Ethnic group: Triqui
• Proposed autonomous area: Oaxaca
  • Militant organization: Movement for Triqui Autonomy ^{[65] [66] [67]}

El Norte / Aridoamerica

• Ethnic groups: Norteño people
• Proposed state: Aridoamerican Confederacy
  • Advocate group: Proyecto Aridoamerica A.C. ^[68] Partido Aridoamericano

Nuevo León

• Proposed state: Royal Republic of Nuevo León
  • Advocacy group: National Anti-AMLO Front(FRENAA) ^{[69] [70] [71] [72] [73]}

Netherlands

Curaçao

• Proposed: Independence for Curaçao ^[74]
  • Political parties: Movement for the Future of Curaçao, ^[75] Sovereign People ^[76]
  • Referendums: 1993 and 2005

Aruba

• Proposed: Independence for Aruba
  • Political party: People's Electoral Movement (Aruba) ^{[77] [78]}
  • Referendum: 1977

Sint Maarten

• Proposed: Independence, autonomy or unification with Saint Martin
  • Political party: Unified Resilient St. Maarten Movement ^[79]
  • Referendums: 1994 and 2000

Bonaire ^[80]

• Proposed: independence or autonomy for Bonaire
  • Political party: Bonaire Democratic Party

Saba ^[81]

• Proposed: independence for Saba
  • Advocacy group: People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Nicaragua

Miskitu

• Ethnic group: Miskito people
• Proposed: Greater autonomy for Miskitu ^{[82] [83]}
  • Political party: General Assembly of the Council of Elders ^[84]

Panama

Madungandí ^[85]

• Ethnic group: Guna people
  • Proposed: Establishment of a second Guna reserve
  • Advocates: Guna people

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Nevis and the neighbour Saint Kitts island

Nevis ^[86]

• Proposed: Greater autonomy for Nevis
  • Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party, ^[87] Concerned Citizens' Movement ^[88]

Trinidad and Tobago

Tobago

• Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for Tobago ^{[89] [90]}
  • Political party: Tobago Organisation of the People, ^[91] Progressive Democratic Patriots, ^{[89] [90]} Tobago Forwards, One Tobago Voice ^[92]

United States

Main article: Secession in the United States

See also: List of active separatist movements in Oceania § United States

Cascadia

• Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
  • Advocacy group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion ^{[6] [7] [8] [93] [94]}

Native Americans

• Proposed states and/or autonomous regions: Multiple
  • Advocacy groups: Lakota Freedom Movement, ^{[95] [96]} Mohawk Warrior Society, American Indian Movement, American Indian Movement of Colorado, International Indian Treaty Council, Red Power movement

Southern US

Southern United States

• Proposed state or autonomous region: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
  • Advocacy groups: League of the South, ^{[97] [98] [99]} other neo-Confederate and non-confederate southern separatist groups.

Deseret ^[100]

• Ethnic group: Mormons
• Proposed state or autonomous region: Deseret
  • Advocacy groups: Deseret nationalists (#DezNat)

Aztlán

See also: Chicano nationalism, Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, and Reconquista (Mexico)

• Ethnic group: Chicano Movement, Chicano
• Proposed: Greater autonomy for Aztlán ^{[101] [102]}
  • Advocacy groups: MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlán , ^[103] "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán"), ^{[101] [104]} Freedom Road Socialist Organization, ^[105] which calls for self-determination for the Chicano nation in Aztlan up to and including the right to secession. ^[106]

Boundaries of the Republic of New Afrika

New Afrika

Main article: African-American self-determination

• Ethnic group: African Americans
• Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New Afrika ^{[107] [108]}
  • Advocacy group: Pan-Africanists ^[109] Black Radical Congress, Moorish sovereign citizens, Nuwaubian Nation, Huey P. Newton Gun Club, Black Lives Matter (Factions)
  • Political parties: New Black Panther Party, African People's Socialist Party, Not Fucking Around Coalition, Black Hammer Party, Revolutionary Black Panther Party, Black Riders Liberation Party, Washitaw Nation

New England in the USA in red

New England

• Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of New England ^[110]
  • Advocacy groups: New England Independence Campaign, ^{[111] [112] [110]} New England Autonomy Movement, ^[113] People's Initiative of New England ^[114]
  • Political Party: Yankee National Party (includes both the Mid-Atlantic and New England) ^[115]

Alaska

Alaska

• Ethnic group: Alaskan Creoles, Alaska Natives, Americans, Russian Americans
• Proposed state: Republic of Alaska ^{[116] [117]}
  • Political party: Alaskan Independence Party ^[118]

California

California

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Second Californian Republic / "New" California or autonomy
  • Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
  • Advocacy groups: Yes California, ^[119] Californians for Independence
  • Political parties: California National Party, ^[120] California Freedom Coalition ^[121]

Texas

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Republic of Texas
  • Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos
  • Advocacy groups: Texas Nationalist Movement, ^{[122] [123]} Republic of Texas (group)

New Hampshire ^{[124] [125]}

• Proposed state or autonomous area: New Hampshire
  • Advocacy groups: NHexit, ^{[126] [127]} Foundation for New Hampshire Independence, ^[128] Free State Project

Vermont

• Proposed state or autonomous area: Vermont Republic
  • Political party: Vermont Independence Party ^{[129] [130] [131]} Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (Anarchist)
  • Advocacy group: Second Vermont Republic ^{[132] [133]}

Florida

• Proposed: Independence for Florida
  • Ethnic group: Americans, Floridanos and other Hispanics and Latinos in Florida, Portuguese, Haitians, Other West Indies People, Indigenous peoples of Florida (Including: Seminoles and Miccosukee)
  • Political Party: Independent Party of Florida (1993)

Territories

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

Main article: Independence movement in Puerto Rico

• Proposed: Independence, statehood, autonomy, independence under free association ^{[134] [135]} or reunification with Spain as an autonomous community ^{[136] [137]}
  • Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
  • Advocacy groups: Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico, ^[138] Hostosian National Independence Movement ^[139] (MINH), Socialist Front (FS), Movimiento Puertorriqueño Reunificacionista con España (MPRE)
  • Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic

United States Virgin Islands

• Proposed: Republic of the Virgin Islands or greater autonomy for the United States Virgin Islands ^[140] or unification with the British Virgin Islands
  • Political party: Independent Citizens Movement ^[141]

United Kingdom

Bermuda ^{[142] [143] [144]}

• Proposed state: Bermuda
  • Political party: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda), ^{[145] [146]} One Bermuda Alliance (historically), Gombey Liberation Movement

Cayman Islands ^{[147] [148]}

• Proposed state Cayman Islands
  • Political party: People’s Progressive Movement

British Virgin Islands ^[149]

• Ethnic group: people of the British Virgin Islands
  • Proposed state: Republic of the Virgin Islands
  • Political party: Progressive Virgin Islands Movement

See also

• Alliance for Yucatan Party
• American Redoubt

• Christian exodus movement
• Diagolon, Canadian alt-right organization
• Inuit Nunangat
• Land Back
• Lists of active separatist movements
• Lists of historical separatist movements
• Northwest Territorial Imperative
• Republic of Florida Militia

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