This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
Kabylia is a charter member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) [6]
Kabylia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [7]
Central-Eastern Angola
Lunda-Tchokwé people 
Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda 
Cabinda is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6]
Ambazonia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6]
Dar El Kuti (Republic of Logone)
Dar El Kuti is a self-proclaimed state supported by the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC), a Muslim rebel movement in the Central African Republic. [21]
Anjouan 
South Congo (Brazzaville)[ citation needed ]
State of South Congo [24] [25] 
Katanga is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6] 
Dankalia or unification with 
Ethiopia Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation, 
Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama, 
Saho People's Democratic Movement [31] [32] [33] [34] 
Free Annobón [36] [37] 
Somalia 
Oromia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) Oromo Liberation Front, 
Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia 
Sidama National Liberation Front [40] 
Amhara 
Afar Region 
Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir.
Republic of Zabon 
Mayotte continues to have autonomist and separatist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st department in 2011. [45]
Mombasa Republic is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6] Rift Valley, Western Province, Nyanza
Azimio la Umoja [49] [50] [51] [52] 
Cyrenaica [54] South Libya
Toubou [55] [56] 
Toubouland Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya [57] Nyika
Azawad Azawad is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6] 
Rodrigues 
Started in Morocco during the 1920s, [68] [69] and was revitalized in 2013. [70] The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States. [70]
Caprivi Liberation Army [71] 
United Democratic Party 
Zambesia [13] [14] or Caprivi Strip [72] or 
Barotseland 
Rehoboth area [73] 
Republic of Biafra (defunct) Biafra is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6] 
Republic of Oduduwa
Yorùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and Akoko in Edo state. Republic of Oduduwa
Niger Delta Republic [80] was declared in February 1965 by Isaac Adaka Boro, [81] but failed to be established and remains an inspiration if not an aspiration. [82] 
Arewa Republic 
Ogoniland [86] 
Kingdom of Benin 
Madeira 
Republic of Casamance
Somaliland 
Cape Republic [93] 
Sovereign State of Good Hope [97] 
Goringhaicona Khoikhoin Indigenous Traditional Council, [a] [6] First Indigenous Nation of South Africa (FINSA)
Venda 
Republic of the Canary Islands 
Canary Islands is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States [6]
Ceuta 
Darfur or proposed unification with Chad [103] [104] 
Beja state [105] [106] [104] 
Zanzibar 
Acholi Traditionalist catholicism Christian nationalism, 
Acholi Nationalism [108] 
British Indian Ocean Territory
Barotseland 
Mthwakazi Republic Party (M.R.P) [123] [124] [125] Secession is the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity. The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession. A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.
Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, regional, governmental, or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greater autonomy are usually not considered separatists. Some discourse settings equate separatism with religious segregation, racial segregation, or sex segregation, while other discourse settings take the broader view that separation by choice may serve useful purposes and is not the same as government-enforced segregation. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to secessionism, as has been discussed online.
Below are the articles listing active separatist movements by continent:
Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Middle Africa is an analogous term used by the United Nations in its geoscheme for Africa and consists of the following countries: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. The United Nations Office for Central Africa also includes Burundi and Rwanda in the region, which are considered part of East Africa in the geoscheme. These eleven countries are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Six of those countries are also members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and share a common currency, the Central African CFA franc.
Regionalism is a political ideology that seeks to increase the political power, influence and self-determination of the people of one or more subnational regions. It focuses on the "development of a political or social system based on one or more" regions, and/or the national, normative, or economic interests of a specific region, group of regions or another subnational entity, gaining strength from or aiming to strengthen the "consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a homogeneous population", similarly to nationalism. More specifically, "regionalism refers to three distinct elements: movements demanding territorial autonomy within unitary states; the organization of the central state on a regional basis for the delivery of its policies including regional development policies; political decentralization and regional autonomy".
Presented below is a list of the lists of historical separatist movements by continent:
The Southern Cameroons was the southern part of the British League of Nations mandate territory of the British Cameroons in West Africa. Since 1961, it has been part of the Republic of Cameroon, where it makes up the Northwest Region and Southwest Region. Since 1994, pressure groups in the territory claim there was no legal document in accordance to UNGA RES 1608(XV) paragraph 5, and are seeking to restore statehood and independence from the Republic. They renamed the British Southern Cameroons as Ambazonia.
The Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination (BAMOSD) is a militant organization that seeks for the independence of Bakassi, a territory of Cameroon and formation of the Democratic Republic of Bakassi. The movement played a leading role in the Bakassi conflict.
Secession in China refers to several secessionist movements in the People's Republic of China. Many current separatist movements in China arise from the country's ethnic issues. Some of the factors that have created these ethnic issues include history, nationalism, economic and political disparity, religion, and other factors. China has historically had tensions between the majority Han and other minority ethnic groups, particularly in rural and border regions. Historically, other ruling ethnicities, such as the Manchu of the early-Qing dynasty, experienced ethnic issues as well.
The Ambazonia Governing Council (AGovC) is an Ambazonian independence movement. The movement has been known as "hardline" compared to other major Ambazonian separatist movements, and unwilling to engage with federalists. Starting off with a complicated relationship with the larger Interim Government of Ambazonia (IG), following the 2019 Ambazonian leadership crisis, the AGovC officially allied itself to the faction of the IG loyal to the first President of Ambazonia, Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe.
