Below is a list of cities in Europe, with their monthly and annual sunshine duration.
Country | City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Tirana | 124 | 125 | 165 | 191 | 263 | 298 | 354 | 327 | 264 | 218 | 127 | 88 | 2,544 | [1] | |
Albania | Vlorë | 133 | 148 | 173 | 225 | 273 | 318 | 369 | 344 | 279 | 211 | 117 | 99 | 2,690 | [2] [3] | |
Albania | Durrës | 133 | 135 | 173 | 207 | 279 | 318 | 375 | 325 | 261 | 217 | 147 | 124 | 2,696 | ||
Albania | Lezhë | 130 | 130 | 173 | 201 | 270 | 306 | 363 | 322 | 258 | 208 | 138 | 118 | 2,617 | [4] | |
Armenia | Yerevan | 104.5 | 136.8 | 186.5 | 206.5 | 267.1 | 326.6 | 353.9 | 333.7 | 291.5 | 217.0 | 138 | 91.0 | 2,675 | [5] | |
Austria | Vienna | 70 | 104 | 155 | 217 | 249 | 259 | 273 | 266 | 194 | 133 | 71 | 57 | 2,048 | [6] | |
Belarus | Minsk | 34 | 72 | 133 | 185 | 270 | 267 | 271 | 251 | 154 | 103 | 39 | 28 | 1,807 | [7] | |
Belgium | Brussels | 59 | 77 | 114 | 159 | 191 | 188 | 201 | 190 | 143 | 113 | 66 | 45 | 1,546 | [8] | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Banja Luka | 65.1 | 73.5 | 133.3 | 171 | 226.3 | 252 | 282.1 | 263.5 | 180 | 136.4 | 75 | 58.9 | 1,899.3 | [9] | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | 82.2 | 101.6 | 144.8 | 157.6 | 193.8 | 231.4 | 255.7 | 239.9 | 176.6 | 155.2 | 94.5 | 62.1 | 1,895.4 | [10] | |
Bulgaria | Sofia | 88 | 114 | 160 | 182 | 230 | 258 | 302 | 288 | 220 | 164 | 106 | 66 | 2,177 | [11] | |
Bulgaria | Varna | 99 | 119 | 154 | 204 | 259 | 278 | 318 | 318 | 236 | 163 | 105 | 92 | 2,345 | [12] | |
Croatia | Zagreb | 59 | 96 | 140 | 175 | 234 | 244 | 281 | 256 | 187 | 131 | 66 | 45 | 1,913 | [13] | |
Croatia | Split | 133 | 153 | 186 | 210 | 273 | 306 | 347 | 320 | 246 | 192 | 135 | 130 | 2,631 | [14] | |
Czech Republic | Prague | 50 | 72 | 125 | 168 | 214 | 218 | 226 | 212 | 161 | 121 | 54 | 47 | 1,668 | [15] | |
Cyprus | Limassol | 195.3 | 211.7 | 244.9 | 270.0 | 344.1 | 381.0 | 390.6 | 365.8 | 315.0 | 285.2 | 225.0 | 186.0 | 3,414.6 | [16] | |
Cyprus | Nicosia | 182.9 | 200.1 | 238.7 | 267.0 | 331.7 | 369.0 | 387.5 | 365.8 | 312.0 | 275.9 | 213.0 | 170.5 | 3,314.1 | [17] | |
Denmark | Aarhus | 54 | 72 | 148 | 213 | 260 | 251 | 242 | 211 | 161 | 101 | 60 | 49 | 1,821 | [18] | |
Denmark | Copenhagen | 56 | 83 | 152 | 226 | 271 | 260 | 246 | 231 | 175 | 107 | 60 | 45 | 1,912 | [19] | |
Denmark | Rønne | 43 | 76 | 152 | 247 | 311 | 315 | 282 | 252 | 192 | 104 | 53 | 37 | 2,063 | [20] | |
Estonia | Tallinn | 30 | 59 | 148 | 217 | 306 | 294 | 312 | 256 | 162 | 88 | 29 | 20 | 1,923 | [21] | |
Estonia | Vilsandi | 37 | 69 | 150 | 226 | 316 | 314 | 330 | 271 | 176 | 100 | 38 | 24 | 2,066 | [22] | |
Faroe Islands | Tórshavn | 14 | 36 | 71 | 106 | 124 | 125 | 111 | 98 | 80 | 49 | 20 | 6 | 840 | [23] | |
Finland | Helsinki | 38 | 70 | 138 | 194 | 284 | 297 | 291 | 238 | 150 | 93 | 36 | 29 | 1,858 | [24] | |
France | Lyon | 74 | 101 | 170 | 191 | 221 | 254 | 283 | 253 | 195 | 130 | 76 | 54 | 2,002 | [25] | |
France | Marseille | 150 | 156 | 215 | 245 | 293 | 326 | 366 | 327 | 254 | 205 | 156 | 143 | 2,836 | [26] | |
France | Nice | 156.7 | 166.1 | 218.0 | 229.2 | 270.9 | 309.8 | 349.3 | 223.2 | 249.8 | 191.1 | 151.5 | 145.2 | 2,760.5 | [27] | |
France | Paris | 63 | 79 | 129 | 166 | 194 | 202 | 212 | 212 | 168 | 118 | 68 | 51 | 1,662 | [28] | |
Georgia | Tbilisi | 99 | 102 | 142 | 171 | 213 | 249 | 256 | 248 | 206 | 164 | 103 | 93 | 2,046 | [29] | |
Germany | Berlin | 47 | 74 | 121 | 159 | 220 | 222 | 217 | 211 | 156 | 112 | 51 | 37 | 1,626 | [30] | |
Germany | Frankfurt | 50 | 80 | 121 | 178 | 211 | 219 | 233 | 219 | 156 | 103 | 51 | 41 | 1,662 | [30] | |
Germany | Dresden | 62.0 | 82.1 | 127.0 | 187.3 | 222.0 | 221.3 | 233.8 | 222.8 | 164.2 | 103 | 67.9 | 60.0 | 1,770.4 | [31] | |
Greece | Athens | 130 | 134 | 183 | 231 | 291 | 336 | 363 | 341 | 276 | 208 | 153 | 127 | 2,773 | [32] | |
Greece | Heraklion | 119.9 | 132.3 | 181.5 | 234.8 | 298.5 | 356.2 | 368.3 | 343.5 | 303.8 | 275.8 | 206.9 | 115.4 | 2778.6 | [33] | |
Greece | Mytilene | 115.4 | 129.3 | 185.6 | 226.2 | 295.0 | 355.7 | 382.9 | 352.0 | 289.2 | 219.8 | 144.4 | 95.7 | 2,791.2 | [33] | |
Greece | Rhodes | 145.2 | 161.0 | 214.8 | 244.9 | 310.7 | 358.1 | 368.8 | 343.6 | 296.2 | 244.8 | 174.7 | 131.1 | 2993.9 | [33] | |
Greece | Samos | 140.1 | 148.2 | 201.1 | 241.4 | 310.4 | 370.7 | 394.6 | 373.8 | 303.8 | 241.0 | 170.5 | 126.4 | 3022.0 | [33] | |
Greece | Ierapetra | 155.6 | 158.8 | 208.3 | 240.2 | 319.1 | 355.4 | 384.7 | 367.7 | 307.5 | 235.9 | 201.3 | 167.0 | 3101.5 | [34] | |
Hungary | Budapest | 62 | 93 | 137 | 177 | 234 | 250 | 271 | 255 | 187 | 141 | 69 | 52 | 1,988 | [35] | |
Hungary | Debrecen | 57.6 | 85 | 146.8 | 190.3 | 251.4 | 266.4 | 295.3 | 274.3 | 201.7 | 155.1 | 72.2 | 47 | 2,043.1 | [36] | |
Hungary | Miskolc | 40.8 | 69.5 | 128.3 | 177.2 | 224 | 224.2 | 254.5 | 236.4 | 180.8 | 141.6 | 53.2 | 36 | 1,766.5 | [37] | |
Iceland | Reykjavík | 20 | 60 | 109 | 164 | 201 | 174 | 168 | 155 | 120 | 93 | 41 | 22 | 1,326.2 | [38] | |
Ireland | Dublin | 59 | 75 | 109 | 160 | 195 | 179 | 164 | 157 | 129 | 103 | 71 | 53 | 1,453.2 | [39] | |
Italy | Cagliari | 150 | 163 | 209 | 218 | 270 | 311 | 342 | 321 | 243 | 209 | 150 | 127 | 2,726 | [40] | |
Italy | Milan | 59 | 96 | 152 | 177 | 211 | 243 | 285 | 251 | 186 | 130 | 66 | 59 | 1,915 | [41] | |
Italy | Naples | 115 | 128 | 158 | 189 | 245 | 279 | 313 | 295 | 234 | 189 | 126 | 105 | 2,375 | [42] | |
Italy | Rome | 121 | 133 | 167 | 201 | 264 | 285 | 332 | 298 | 237 | 195 | 129 | 112 | 2,473 | [43] | |
Latvia | Riga | 31 | 62 | 127 | 183 | 264 | 288 | 264 | 229 | 153 | 93 | 39 | 22 | 1,754 | ||
Lithuania | Vilnius | 32 | 57 | 121 | 179 | 252 | 246 | 260 | 237 | 154 | 95 | 35 | 23 | 1,691 | [44] | |
Luxembourg | Luxembourg | 43 | 82 | 118 | 165 | 208 | 210 | 232.5 | 208 | 159 | 108.5 | 57 | 43 | 1,634 | ? | |
Malta | Valletta | 169 | 178 | 227 | 254 | 310 | 337 | 377 | 352 | 270 | 224 | 195 | 161 | 3,054 | [45] | |
Moldova | Chișinău | 75 | 80 | 125 | 187 | 254 | 283 | 299 | 295 | 226 | 169 | 75 | 58 | 2,126 | ||
Monaco | Monaco | 149.8 | 158.9 | 185.5 | 210 | 248.1 | 281.1 | 329.3 | 296.7 | 224.7 | 199 | 155.2 | 136.5 | 2,575 | [46] | |
Montenegro | Podgorica | 123 | 126 | 170 | 194 | 251 | 276 | 340 | 314 | 252 | 201 | 126 | 109 | 2,481 | ||
Netherlands | Amsterdam | 69 | 94 | 146 | 197 | 230 | 217 | 225 | 203 | 154 | 116 | 66 | 58 | 1,779 | [47] | |
Netherlands | Eindhoven | 55 | 100 | 116 | 167 | 256 | 329 | 206 | 202 | 218 | 120 | 70 | 34 | 1,873 | [48] | |
North Macedonia | Skopje | 87 | 113 | 161 | 198 | 245 | 276 | 323 | 305 | 248 | 188 | 115 | 80 | 2,339 | ||
Norway | Bergen | 32 | 69 | 109 | 215 | 254 | 239 | 230 | 196 | 116 | 88 | 43 | 22 | 1,613 | [49] | |
Norway | Oslo | 40 | 76 | 126 | 178 | 220 | 250 | 246 | 216 | 144 | 86 | 51 | 35 | 1,668 | [50] | |
Norway | Tromsø | 3 | 32 | 112 | 160 | 218 | 221 | 205 | 167 | 92 | 49 | 6 | 0 | 1,265 | [51] [ circular reference ] | |
Poland | Warsaw | 44.6 | 66.5 | 139.4 | 210.1 | 272.4 | 288.8 | 295.4 | 280.2 | 193.1 | 122.6 | 50.6 | 33.6 | 1,997.1 | [52] | |
Portugal | Faro | 182.1 | 172.0 | 242.6 | 253.6 | 305.0 | 326.9 | 360.6 | 344.9 | 279.1 | 227.0 | 191.6 | 159.0 | 3,044.4 | [53] | |
Portugal | Lisbon | 143 | 157 | 208 | 234 | 291 | 303 | 353 | 344 | 261 | 214 | 156 | 143 | 2,806 | [54] | |
Portugal | Portimão | 158.7 | 168.7 | 202.4 | 264.7 | 319.9 | 337.1 | 382.8 | 356.3 | 265.2 | 219.8 | 174.9 | 168.3 | 3,018.8 | [55] | |
Portugal | Porto | 124 | 129 | 192 | 217 | 258 | 274 | 308 | 295 | 224 | 184 | 139 | 124 | 2,468 | [56] | |
Portugal | Tavira | 170.8 | 193.4 | 206.0 | 277.4 | 334.6 | 358.1 | 395.3 | 370.4 | 290.5 | 243.0 | 172.5 | 164.9 | 3,176.9 | [55] | |
Romania | Bucharest | 71 | 85 | 140 | 186 | 245 | 267 | 288 | 282 | 225 | 177 | 87 | 62 | 2,115 | [57] | |
Russia | Moscow | 37 | 65 | 142 | 213 | 274 | 299 | 323 | 242 | 171 | 88 | 33 | 14 | 1,901 | [58] | |
Russia | Saint Petersburg | 18.9 | 45.5 | 120.5 | 177.9 | 255.6 | 254.3 | 267.7 | 228.1 | 134.8 | 61.8 | 23.0 | 8.1 | 1,596.2 | [59] | |
Russia | Vladikavkaz | 106 | 119 | 133 | 159 | 194 | 205 | 220 | 208 | 167 | 148 | 114 | 103 | 1,876 | [60] | |
Russia | Arkhangelsk | 14.2 | 50.6 | 129.3 | 189.1 | 252.8 | 291.0 | 298.0 | 200.9 | 111.3 | 50.3 | 14.9 | 1.8 | 1,604.2 | [61] | |
Russia | Sochi | 96 | 107 | 146 | 162 | 220 | 258 | 279 | 282 | 225 | 195 | 120 | 87 | 2,178 | [62] | |
Serbia | Belgrade | 72 | 102 | 153 | 188 | 242 | 261 | 291 | 274 | 204 | 163 | 97 | 65 | 2,112 | [63] | |
Serbia | Niš | 65 | 93 | 148 | 171 | 221 | 251 | 287 | 274 | 202 | 151 | 86 | 49 | 1,998 | [64] | |
Slovakia | Bratislava | 65.5 | 99.3 | 153.7 | 218.6 | 258.1 | 269.4 | 286.5 | 273.3 | 194.5 | 134.6 | 69.5 | 51.9 | 2,074.9 | [65] | |
Slovenia | Ljubljana | 71 | 114 | 149 | 178 | 235 | 246 | 293 | 264 | 183 | 120 | 66 | 56 | 1,974 | ||
Spain | Alicante | 181 | 180 | 227 | 247 | 277 | 302 | 330 | 304 | 250 | 217 | 173 | 164 | 2,851 | [66] | |
Spain | Almería | 194 | 191 | 232 | 261 | 297 | 325 | 342 | 315 | 256 | 218 | 183 | 178 | 2,994 | [67] | |
Spain | Badajoz | 146 | 163 | 226 | 244 | 292 | 335 | 376 | 342 | 260 | 206 | 155 | 114 | 2,860 | [68] | |
Spain | Barcelona | 158 | 171 | 206 | 239 | 258 | 287 | 293 | 264 | 229 | 196 | 153 | 137 | 2,591 | [69] | |
Spain | Cáceres | 156 | 175 | 232 | 247 | 297 | 336 | 379 | 348 | 261 | 205 | 158 | 129 | 2,922 | [70] | |
Spain | Cádiz | 184 | 197 | 228 | 255 | 307 | 331 | 354 | 335 | 252 | 228 | 187 | 166 | 3,024 | [71] | |
Spain | Córdoba | 174 | 186 | 218 | 235 | 289 | 323 | 363 | 336 | 248 | 205 | 180 | 148 | 2,905 | [72] | |
Spain | Huelva | 165 | 171 | 229 | 255 | 296 | 341 | 367 | 340 | 268 | 211 | 176 | 151 | 2,970 | [72] | |
Spain | Madrid | 148 | 157 | 214 | 231 | 272 | 310 | 359 | 335 | 261 | 198 | 157 | 124 | 2,769 | [69] | |
Spain | Murcia | 189 | 190 | 223 | 256 | 289 | 323 | 353 | 317 | 239 | 217 | 186 | 172 | 2,967 | [73] | |
Spain | Seville | 202.0 | 212.2 | 246.3 | 270.2 | 324.9 | 357.3 | 388.1 | 364.3 | 278.4 | 244.4 | 205.3 | 185.9 | 3,279.3 | [74] | |
Spain | Valencia | 171 | 171 | 215 | 234 | 259 | 276 | 315 | 288 | 235 | 202 | 167 | 155 | 2,696 | [75] | |
Sweden | Gothenburg | 44 | 69 | 167 | 211 | 239 | 256 | 234 | 196 | 168 | 99 | 47 | 32 | 1,762 | [76] | |
Sweden | Stockholm | 40 | 72 | 139 | 185 | 254 | 292 | 260 | 221 | 154 | 99 | 54 | 33 | 1,803 | [77] | |
Switzerland | Zurich | 48 | 77 | 125 | 159 | 186 | 204 | 230 | 208 | 151 | 93 | 50 | 35 | 1,566 | [78] | |
Switzerland | Geneva | 61 | 96 | 161 | 187 | 212 | 246 | 269 | 242 | 184 | 116 | 65 | 48 | 1,887 | [79] | |
Switzerland | Sion | 93 | 131 | 188 | 210 | 229 | 254 | 271 | 250 | 208 | 160 | 96 | 68 | 2,158 | [79] | |
Switzerland | Lugano | 124 | 142 | 192 | 182 | 200 | 229 | 260 | 245 | 192 | 141 | 105 | 107 | 2,120 | [79] | |
Turkey | Istanbul | 71 | 88 | 133 | 180 | 251 | 300 | 322 | 295 | 243 | 164 | 102 | 68 | 2,218 | [80] | |
Ukraine | Kyiv | 31 | 57 | 124 | 180 | 279 | 270 | 310 | 248 | 210 | 155 | 60 | 31 | 1,955 | [81] | |
United Kingdom | Cardiff | 53.5 | 76.2 | 116.6 | 177 | 198.4 | 195.2 | 199.6 | 185.3 | 151.9 | 103.9 | 65 | 50.4 | 1,573 | [82] [83] | |
United Kingdom | Edinburgh | 53.5 | 78.5 | 114.8 | 144.6 | 188.4 | 165.9 | 172.2 | 161.5 | 128.8 | 101.2 | 71 | 46.2 | 1,426.6 | [84] | |
United Kingdom | Kingston upon Hull | 55.5 | 79 | 117.7 | 159.1 | 200.2 | 189.4 | 197.1 | 183.2 | 147.4 | 109.2 | 65.7 | 55.3 | 1,558.8 | [85] | |
United Kingdom | London | 61.5 | 77.9 | 114.6 | 168.7 | 198.5 | 204.3 | 212 | 204.7 | 149.3 | 116.5 | 72.6 | 52 | 1,632.6 | [86] | |
United Kingdom | Manchester | 32 | 50 | 99 | 153 | 175 | 153 | 171 | 154 | 116 | 79 | 42 | 43 | 1,265 | [87] | |
United Kingdom | Southampton | 63.4 | 82.7 | 125.1 | 181.6 | 215.5 | 211.7 | 223.8 | 205.8 | 152 | 112.7 | 76.3 | 55.3 | 1,705.9 | [88] |
Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorological variables that are commonly measured are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation. In a broader sense, climate is the state of the components of the climate system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere and the interactions between them. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, longitude, terrain, altitude, land use and nearby water bodies and their currents.
The desert climate or arid climate is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert climates are dry and hold little moisture, quickly evaporating the already little rainfall they receive. Covering 14.2% of Earth's land area, hot deserts are the second-most common type of climate on Earth after the Polar climate.
The climate of Virginia, a state on the east coast of the United States, is mild compared to more northern areas of the United States such as New England and the Midwest. Most of Virginia east of the Blue Ridge mountains, the southern part of the Shenandoah Valley, and the Roanoke Valley, has a humid subtropical climate. In the mountainous areas west of the Blue Ridge, the climate is warm-summer humid continental or oceanic climate. Severe weather, in the form of tornadoes, tropical cyclones, and winter storms, impacts the state on a regular basis. Central Virginia received significant snowfall of 20 inches in December 2009.
The climate of California varies widely from hot desert to alpine tundra, depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the Pacific Coast. California's coastal regions, the Sierra Nevada foothills, and much of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, with warmer, drier weather in summer and cooler, wetter weather in winter. The influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating warmer winters and substantially cooler summers in coastal areas.
The climate of Romania is continental, transitioning into humid subtropical on the eastern coast, influenced by polar intrusions, and therefore characterized by harsh winters. The mountain ranges of the Carpathian arc have a cool mountain climate with high humidity throughout the year.
The climate of Pennsylvania is diverse due to the multitude of geographic features found within the state. Straddling two major climate zones, the southeastern corner of Pennsylvania has the warmest climate. A portion of Greater Philadelphia lies at the southernmost tip of the humid continental climate zone, with the city proper being in the humid subtropical climate zone. Still, Philadelphia features colder, snowier winters than most locations with a humid subtropical climate. Moving west toward the mountainous interior of the state, the climate becomes markedly colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and winter snowfall amounts are greater.
The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
The climate of Ecuador is generally tropical and varies with altitude and region, due to differences in elevation and, to a degree, in proximity to the equator.
The climate of New Jersey classification of the U.S. state of New Jersey is humid subtropical in South Jersey with a humid continental climate in North Jersey, particularly in the northwestern area of the state. The northwest part of New Jersey is the snowiest due to the higher elevations that earn it a Dfb classification. During the winters, New Jersey can experience Nor'easters, which are snowstorms that affect the Northeastern United States, and Atlantic Canada. However, many would-be snow events in the state end up turning to rain due to warm ocean air being brought in by the storm. New Jersey's climate is shaped by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean which provides moisture and moderates temperatures. According to climatology research by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New Jersey has been the fastest-warming state by average air temperature over a 100-year period beginning in the early 20th century, related to global warming.
Europe is generally characterized by a temperate climate. Most of Western Europe has an Oceanic climate, in the Köppen climate classification, featuring cool to warm summers and cool winters with frequent overcast skies. Southern Europe has a distinctively Mediterranean climate, which features warm to hot, dry summers and cool to mild winters and frequent sunny skies. Central-eastern Europe is classified as having a humid continental climate, which features warm to hot summers and cold winters.
Madrid and its metropolitan area has a cold semi-arid climate which transitions to a mediterranean climate (Csa) on the western half of the city. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate and according to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Madrid has a subtropical climate. Madrid has hot summers and relatively cool winters with somewhat frequent frosts and occasional snowfalls, with 3-4 snowy days on average.
Bilbao and its metropolitan area has an oceanic climate according to the Köppen climate classification (Cfb) with mild winters and warm summers. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, Bilbao has a temperate climate and according to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Bilbao has a subtropical climate. According to the European Environment Agency, Bilbao lies within the Atlantic biogeographical region. The climate of Bilbao and the rest of the north-western part of Spain is different from the rest of the country, characterized by a higher amount of rainfall and precipitation days, fewer sunshine hours and mild temperatures, in summer comparable to northern half of Europe with temperate climate.
Climatological normal or climate normal (CN) is a 30-year average of a weather variable for a given time of year. Most commonly, a CN refers to a particular month of year, but it may also refer to a broader scale, such as a specific meteorological season. More recently, CN have been reported for narrower scales, such as day of year and even hourly scale.
Little Rock has a humid subtropical climate, with hot, usually humid summers, but subject to drought, primarily in late summer. According to the Trewartha climate classification system, Little Rock is subtropical because nine of its months exceed 50 °F (10 °C) in average temperature. Summers are usually hot, occasionally extremely hot; winters are short and cool, but with marked temperature variations, as the area is subject to alternating incursions of warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cold, dry air from Canada.
Panzgam is a village in Awantipora tehsil of Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Pulwama district headquarters and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Srinagar. It is located at the boundary of Awantipora Tehsil.