List of companies founded by Harvard University alumni

Last updated

This is a list of companies founded by Harvard University alumni, including attendees who enrolled in degree programs at Harvard University but did not eventually graduate. Companies founded by alumni of Radcliffe College ("Harvard Annex", 1879-1999) are not included in this list. [1] This list is not exhaustive, as it only includes notable companiesof which the founding and development history is well recorded by reliable sources. In particular, subsidiaries are listed with their owners in parentheses.

Contents

Harvard is a highly successful university in attracting funding for start-up companies, and its alumni have created a large number of companies. [2] [3] [4] According to PitchBook, from 2006 to 2017, Harvard produced 844 company founders as alumni or current students, creating 750 companies, fourth most among all universities in the world. [5] [6]

In this list, founders of a company which merged with other companies to form a new company are counted as founders of the new company. However, founders of a company which later dissolved into several successor companies are not counted as founders of those successor companies; this same rule applies to spin-off companies. Finally, a defunct company is a company that had stopped functioning completely (e.g., bankrupt) without dissolving, merging or being acquired.

Top companies by revenues

Fortune Global 500 (2017)

This list shows companies in Fortune Global 500 founded or co-founded by Harvard alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune Global 500 companies is $21,609M in 2016. [7]

CompanyRegionFortune Global 500

(2017) [8]

Revenue in US$ millions

(2016) [8]

TypeCategoryYear foundedComments
1 CVS United States 14177,526Public Health care 1963
2 Cardinal Health United States35121,546Public Pharmaceuticals 1971
3 Microsoft United States6985,320Public Computer software 1975
4 Citigroup*United States7482,386Public Banking 1812 (Citibank/Citicorp)
5 Morgan Stanley*United States26737,949Public Finance 1935 (the original Morgan Stanley)
6 Gilead Sciences United States35830,392Public Biotech 1987
7 TSMC Taiwan 36929,388Public Semiconductor 1987
8 Meta Platforms United States39327,638Public Social networking 2004

*:Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by Harvard alumni.

Fortune 1000 (2017)

This list shows companies in Fortune 1000 (only for companies within the U.S.) founded or co-founded by Harvard alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune 1000 companies was $1,791M in 2016. [9]

CompanyFortune 1000

(2017) [10]

Revenue in US$ millions

(2016) [10]

TypeCategoryYear foundedComments
1 CVS 7177,526PublicHealth care1963
2 Cardinal Health 15121,546PublicPharmaceuticals1971
3 Microsoft 2885,320PublicComputer software1975
4 Citigroup*3082,386PublicBanking1812 (Citibank/Citicorp)
5 Morgan Stanley*7637,949PublicFinance1935 (the original Morgan Stanley)
6 Gilead Sciences 9230,392PublicBiotech1987
7 Meta Platforms 9827,638PublicSocial networking2004
8 Thermo Fisher Scientific*15418,274PublicTechnology1956 (Thermo Electron)
 – Fidelity Investments**173†15,900PrivateFinancial services1946†Equivalently [11]
9 Textron 20013,788Public Conglomerate 1923
10 Cognizant 20413,487PublicIT services1994
11 Biogen*24811,449Public Biotechnology 1978
12 BlackRock 25511,155Public Investment management 1988
13 Baker Hughes*2859,841Public Oil and gas 1908 (Hughes Tool Company)
 – Bloomberg L.P.**298†9,400PrivateTechnology1981†Equivalently [11]
14 Blackstone Group 5035,126PublicFinancial services1985
 – Boston Consulting Group**510†5,000Private Consulting 1963†Equivalently [11]
15 Intuit 5274,831PublicSoftware1983
16 Electronic Arts 5564,396Public Video game 1982
17 Cabot Corporation 8292,411PublicChemicals1882
18 Carlyle Group 8692,274Public Private equity 1987
19 Fitbit 8982,170Public Electronics 2007

*:Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by Harvard alumni.

**:Fidelity Investments, Bloomberg L.P., and Boston Consulting Group are not listed in Fortune 1000. Their revenues are provided by Forbes .

Former Fortune-listed companies

For each company, only the latest rankings (up to three years) are shown in this list.

CompanyFortune Global 500Fortune 1000TypeCategoryYear founded
1 Viacom Inc. 196 (2005)176 (2004)171 (2003) [12] 69 (2005)64 (2004)66 (2003) [13] Dissolved Mass media 1971
2 Sun Microsystems ---204 (2010)187 (2009)184 (2008) [14] AcquiredTechnology1982
3 Polaroid ---742 (2001)694 (2000)705 (1999) [15] AcquiredPhotography1937
4 3Com ---827 (2003)596 (2002)294 (2000) [16] AcquiredTechnology1979

Timeline

Index

This index also contains companies listed in section "Notable defunct & dissolved".

YearCompanies founded
2014 Jet.com
2013 Sherpa Capital
2011 Stitch Fix
2010 Birchbox
2009 Quora
2008 Airbnb Cloudera Clover Food Lab
2007 Fitbit Zynga
2006 Khan Academy
2004 3G Capital Facebook Pershing Square Capital Management Yelp
2003 The Children's Investment Fund Management
2001 OkCupid
2000 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation StubHub TripAdvisor
1999 Bluemercury Collabnet CQS SparkNotes
1998 Oxygen Media
1997 athenahealth Lone Pine Capital
1996 LinkExchange Polaris Partners Valve PlanetAll
1995 Evercore Partners
1994 Cognizant
1991 3DO York Capital Management
1990 Citadel LLC
1988 BlackRock
1987 Carlyle Group Gilead Sciences TSMC
1986 Access Industries Staples
1985 Blackstone Group Computervision Free Software Foundation
1984 Bain Capital Boston Beer Hellman & Friedman
1983 Intuit Monitor Group Thinking Machines Corporation
1982 Baupost Group Electronic Arts Sun Microsystems
1981 Bloomberg L.P. Carsey-Werner
1980 Broderbund
1979 3Com Software Arts Burr, Egan, Deleage & Co.
1978 Biogen

(Biogen)

 O'Reilly Media Personal Software/Visicorp

(Paladin Software)

1977 Elliott Management Corporation
1975 Bridgewater Associates Microsoft
1972 Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers
1971 Cardinal Health Viacom Inc.
1969 National Lampoon
1963 Boston Consulting Group CVS
1958 Boston Whaler
1957 Harvard Student Agencies
1956 Thermo Electron

(Thermo Fisher Scientific)

1951 WGBH Educational Foundation
1948 BBN Technologies New York City Ballet
1946 Fidelity Investments
1937 Polaroid
1935 Morgan Stanley

(Morgan Stanley)

1931 Carl M. Loeb & Co.

(Loeb, Rhoades & Co.)

1925 Fairchild Aircraft
1923 Textron
1914 The New Republic
1908 Hughes Tool Company

(Baker Hughes)

1897 Cabot, Cabot & Forbes
1886 Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
1882 Cabot Corporation
1874 Shepley Bulfinch
1857 The Atlantic
1830 Boston Society of Natural History
1813 Boston Manufacturing Company
1812 Citibank/Citicorp

(Citigroup)

1792 Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River

2000–present

CompanyTypeStockCategoryYear foundedTotal foundersFounder/co-founder from Harvard
3G Capital PrivateInvestment20045 [17]
  1. Co-founder Alex Behring MBA [17]
  2. Co-founder Jorge Paulo Lemann BA [17]
Airbnb PrivateTravel20083 [18]
  1. Co-founder Nathan Blecharczyk BA [19]
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Non-profitFoundation20002 [20]
  1. Co-founder Bill Gates (undergraduate attendee) [21]
Birchbox PriviateCosmetics20102 [22]
  1. Hayley Barna MBA [22]
  2. Katia Beauchamp MBA [22]
Cloudera PublicNYSE: CLDRSoftware20084 [23]
  1. Co-founder Jeff Hammerbacher BA [24]
Clover Food Lab PrivateRestaurant20081 [25]
  1. Ayr Muir MBA [25]
Facebook Public NASDAQ: FBSocial networking20044 [26]
  1. Mark Zuckerberg (undergraduate attendee) [26]
  2. Chris Hughes BA [26]
  3. Dustin Moskovitz (undergraduate attendee) [26]
  4. Eduardo Saverin BA [26]
Fitbit Public NYSE: FIT Electronics 20072 [27]
  1. Co-founder James Park (undergraduate attendee) [28]
Jet.com (NYSE: WMT)E-commerce20143 [29]
  1. Co-founder Nathan Faust MBA [30]
Khan Academy PrivateEducation20061 [31]
  1. Sal Khan MBA [32]
OkCupid (NASDAQ:IAC)Dating service2001 [33] 4 [34]
  1. Chris Coyne BA [35]
  2. Christian Rudder BA [36]
  3. Sam Yagan BA [37]
  4. Max Krohn BA [38]
Pershing Square Capital Management PrivateInvestment20041 [39]
  1. Bill Ackman BA, MBA [39]
Quora PrivateOnline Q&A20092 [40]
  1. Co-founder Charlie Cheever BA [41]
Sherpa Capital PrivateFinance20132[ citation needed ]
  1. Co-founder Scott Stanford BA, MBA [42]
Stitch Fix PublicNASDAQ: SFIXRetail/styling20112 [43]
  1. Co-founder Katrina Lake MBA [43]
StubHub (NASDAQ: EBAY)Ticket exchange20002 [44]
  1. Co-founder Eric Baker BA [45]
The Children's Investment Fund Management Private Hedge fund 20031 [46]
  1. Chris Hohn MBA [47]
TripAdvisor PublicNASDAQ: TRIPWeb service20002 [48]
  1. Co-founder Stephen Kaufer BA [48]
Yelp PublicNYSE: YELPWeb services20042[ citation needed ]
  1. Co-founder Jeremy Stoppelman MBA(attendee) [49]
Zynga PublicNASDAQ: ZNGASocial video game20075 [50]
  1. Co-founder Mark Pincus MBA [51]

1980–99

CompanyTypeStockCategoryFoundedTotal alumniNotable
Access Industries Private Conglomerate 19861 [52]
  1. Len Blavatnik MBA [53]
Alta Communications Private Private equity 19962 [54]
  1. Co-founder Craig Burr BA, MBA [55]
Apollo Global Management Public NYSE :  APO Private equity19902
  1. Co-founder Leon Black MBA [56]
  2. Co-founder Josh Harris MBA [57]
athenahealth PublicNASDAQ: ATHNHealth care19972 [58]
  1. Todd Park BA [59]
  2. Jonathan S. Bush MBA [60]
Bain Capital PrivateInvestment19843 [61]
  1. Co-founder Mitt Romney JD, MBA [62]
Baupost Group PrivateInvestment management19821 [63]
  1. Seth Klarman MBA [64]
BlackRock PublicNYSE: BLKInvestment management19888 [65]
  1. Co-founder Robert S. Kapito MBA [66]
Blackstone PublicNYSE: BXFinancial services19852 [67]
  1. Co-founder Stephen A. Schwarzman MBA [68]
Bloomberg L.P. PrivateTechnology19814 [69]
  1. Co-founder Michael Bloomberg MBA [70]
Bluemercury (NYSE: M) Cosmetics 19992 [71]
  1. Co-founder Marla Malcolm Beck MBA, MPA [71]
Boston Beer PublicNYSE: SAMBeer19842 [72]
  1. Co-founder Jim Koch BA, MBA, JD [73]
Broderbund (NASDAQ:HMHC)Software19802 [74]
  1. Doug Carlston BA, JD [75]
  2. Gary Carlston BA [74]
Carlyle Group PublicNASDAQ: CGPrivate equity19873 [76]
  1. Co-founder Daniel A. D'Aniello MBA [77]
Carsey-Werner PrivateMedia production19812 [78]
  1. Co-founder Tom Werner BA [79]
Citadel LLC PrivateHedge fund19911 [80]
  1. Kenneth C. Griffin BA [81]
Collabnet PrivateCloud computing19992 [82]
  1. Co-founder Tim O'Reilly BA [83]
Computervision (NASDAQ:PTC)Software19852 [84]
  1. Co-founder Philippe Villers BA [85]
Cognizant PublicNASDAQ: CTSHIT services19943 [86]
  1. Co-founder Kumar Mahadeva MBA [87]
CQS PrivateInvestment management19991 [88]
  1. Michael Hintze MBA [89]
Electronic Arts PublicNASDAQ: EAVideo game19821 [90]
  1. Trip Hawkins BA [91]
Evercore Partners PublicNYSE: EVRInvestment banking19953 [92]
  1. Co-founder David Offensend MBA [93]
Free Software Foundation Non-profitComputer software19851 [94]
  1. Richard Stallman BA [94]
Gilead Sciences PublicNASDAQ: GILDBiotech19871 [95]
  1. Michael L. Riordan MBA [95]
Hellman & Friedman PrivatePrivate equity19842 [96]
  1. Warren Hellman MBA [96]
  2. Tully Friedman JD [97]
Intuit PublicNASDAQ: INTUSoftware19832 [98]
  1. Co-founder Scott Cook MBA [99]
LinkExchange (NASDAQ:MSFT)Advertising19962 [100]
  1. Tony Hsieh BS [101] [102]
  2. Sanjay Madan BS [100]
Lone Pine Capital PrivateHedge fund19971 [103]
  1. Stephen Mandel, Jr MBA [104]
Monitor Group (Deloitte)Strategy consulting19836 [105]
  1. Michael Porter MBA, PHD [106]
  2. Joseph B. Fuller BA [107]
  3. Mark B. Fuller BA, MBA, JD [108]
  4. Mark T. Thomas MBA [109]
  5. Michael A. Bell MBA [110]
  6. Thomas Craig MBA [59]
Oxygen Media (NASDAQ: CMCSA)TV channel19985 [111]
  1. Co-founder Tom Werner BA [112]
Polaris Partners PrivateVenture capital19963 [113]
  1. Co-founder Terry McGuire MBA [114]
SparkNotes (NYSE:BKS)Publisher19994 [115] [116]
  1. Chris Coyne BA [117]
  2. Christian Rudder BA [118]
  3. Sam Yagan BA [119]
  4. Max Krohn BA [120]
Staples PrivateOffice supplies19862 [121]
  1. Thomas G. Stemberg BS, MBA [122]
  2. Leo Kahn BA [123]
Sun Microsystems (NYSE: ORCL)Technology19824 [124]
  1. Co-founder Scott McNealy BA [125]
TSMC PublicNYSE: TSMSemiconductor19871 [126]
  1. Morris Chang (undergraduate attendee) [126]
Valve PrivateVideo game19962 [127]
  1. Co-founder Gabe Newell (undergraduate attendee) [127]
York Capital Management PrivateInvestment management19911 [128]
  1. Jamie Dinan MBA [128]

1960–79

CompanyTypeStockCategoryYear foundedTotal foundersFounder/co-founder from Harvard
3Com (NYSE:HPE)Technology19794 [129]
  1. Co-founder Bruce Borden BA [130]
Biogen (OB)

—> Biogen

—> Public (merged)NASDAQ: BIIBBiotechnology1978 (OB)5 (OB) [131]
  1. Co-founder Walter Gilbert BS, MS [132]
Boston Consulting Group PrivateConsulting19631 [133]
  1. Bruce Henderson MBA [134]
Bridgewater Associates PriviateHedge fund19751 [135]
  1. Ray Dalio MBA [136]
Cardinal Health PublicNYSE: CAHPharmaceuticals19711 [137]
  1. Robert D. Walter MBA [138]
CVS PublicNYSE: CVSHealth care19633 [139] [140]
  1. Co-founder Ralph Hoagland MBA [141] [142]
Elliott Management Corporation PrivateHedge fund19771 [143]
  1. Paul Singer JD [144]
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers PrivateFinance19724[ citation needed ]
  1. Co-founder Frank J. Caufield MBA [145]
  2. Co-founder Thomas Perkins MBA [146]
Microsoft PublicNASDAQ: MSFTComputer software19752 [147]
  1. Co-founder Bill Gates (undergraduate attendee) [21]
O'Reilly Media PrivatePublishing19781 [148]
  1. Tim O'Reilly BA [83]
Personal Software/Visicorp

—> Paladin Software

—> Private (merged)Technology1978 (Visi)2 (Visi) [149]
  1. Co-founder Dan Fylstra MBA [150]
Software Arts (NYSE:IBM)Technology19792 [151]
  1. Daniel Bricklin MBA [151]

1900–59

CompanyTypeStockCategoryYear foundedTotal foundersFounder/co-founder from Harvard
BBN Technologies (NYSE:RTN)Technology19483 [152]
  1. Co-founder Leo Beranek (PhD) [153]
Boston Whaler (NYSE:BC)Boat manufacturer19582 [154] [155]
  1. Co-founder Richard Fisher BA [155]
Fairchild Aircraft (NASDAQ: ESLT) Aviation 19251 [156]
  1. Sherman Fairchild (undergraduate attendee) [157]
Fidelity Investments PrivateFinancial services19461 [158]
  1. Edward C. Johnson II BA [159]
Harvard Student Agencies Non-profitStudent-run business19576 [160]
  1. John Monro BA [161]
  2. Dustin Burke BA [162]
  3. Harold Rosenwald BA, JD [163]
  4. Greg Stone (Unknown) [160]
  5. John Giannetti (Unknown) [160]
  6. Theodore Elliot (Unknown) [160]
Hughes Tool Company (HTC)

—> Baker Hughes

—> Public (merged)NYSE: BHGEOil field services1908 (HTC)1 (HTC) [164]
  1. Howard R. Hughes, Sr. (undergraduate attendee) [165]
Morgan Stanley (OMS)

—> Morgan Stanley

—> Public (merged)NYSE: MSFinancial services1935 (OMS)2 (OMS) [166]
  1. Co-founder Henry Sturgis Morgan BA [167]
The New Republic PrivateMagazine19143 [168]
  1. Co-founder Herbert Croly (Undergraduate attendee) [169]
  2. Co-founder Walter Lippmann BA [170]
New York City Ballet Non-profitDancing19482 [171]
  1. Co-founder Lincoln Kirstein BA, MA [172]
Polaroid (PLR IP Holdings, LLC)Photography19371 [173]
  1. Edwin H. Land (undergraduate attendee) [173]
Textron PublicNYSE: TXTConglomerate19231 [174]
  1. Royal Little (BEng) [175]
Thermo Electron (TE)

—> Thermo Fisher Scientific

—> Public (merged)NYSE: TMOTechnology1956 (TE)2 (TE) [176]
  1. Co-founder Peter M. Nomikos MBA [176]
WGBH Educational Foundation Non-profitBroadcasting19511 [177]
  1. Ralph Lowell BA [178]

Before 1900

CompanyTypeStockCategoryYear foundedTotal foundersFounder/co-founder from Harvard
The Atlantic Monthly (now The Atlantic)PrivateMagazine18573 [179]
  1. Co-founder Oliver W. Holmes Sr. BA [180]
  2. Co-founder James R. Lowell (LLD) [181]
Boston Society of Natural History (now the Boston Museum of Science)non-profitMuseum18307 [182]
  1. Co-founder Walter Channing BA [183]
  2. Co-founder George B. Emerson BS [184]
Cabot, Cabot & Forbes PrivateReal estate18973 [185]
  1. Co-founder Francis Murray Forbes BA [186]
Cabot Corporation PublicNYSE: CBTChemicals18822 [187]
  1. Co-founder Godfrey L. Cabot BS [188]
Citibank/CitiCorp

—> Citigroup

PublicNYSE: CBanking1812 (Citibank)15 (Citibank) [189]
  1. Co-founder Samuel Osgood BA, MA [189]
Conservative Life (CL)

—> Pacific Life

—> Mutual (merged)Insurance1880s (CL)1 (CL) [190]
  1. Frederick H. Rindge (undergraduate attendee) [191]
Locks and Canals on the Merrimack River PrivateInfrastructure17925 [192]
  1. Co-founder Dudley Atkins Tyng BA, LLD [193]
Shepley Bulfinch PrivateArchitecture18741 [194]
  1. Henry H. Richardson (undergraduate attendee) [195]
Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge PrivateArchitecture18863 [196]
  1. Co-founder Charles A. Coolidge BA [197]

Notable defunct & dissolved

CompanyTypeStockCategoryYear foundedTotal foundersFounder/co-founder from Harvard
3DO BankruptVideo games19911 [198]
  1. Trip Hawkins BA [91]
Boston Manufacturing Company DefunctTextiles18131 [199]
  1. Francis Cabot Lowell BA [200]
Burr, Egan, Deleage & Co. DissolvedPrivate equity19793 [201]
  1. Co-founder Craig Burr BA, MBA [55]
Carl M. Loeb & Co. (long series of mergers leading to Morgan Stanley)Brokerage1931 (Carl)2 (Carl) [202] [203]
  1. Co-founder John Langeloth Loeb Sr. BA [203]
National Lampoon DefunctMagazine19693 [204]
  1. Douglas Kenney BA [205]
  2. Henry Beard BA [206]
  3. Robert Hoffman BA, MBA [207]
PlanetAll (acquired by Amazon.com)Social networking19962 [208]
  1. Warren Adams MBA [209]
  2. Brian Robertson MBA [210]
Thinking Machines Corporation DefunctComputer hardware19832 [211]
  1. Co-founder Sheryl Handler MS [211]
Viacom Inc. DissolvedMedia19711 [212]
  1. Sumner Redstone BA, JD [213]

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