List of endangered languages in Indonesia

Language Endangerment Status
by UNESCO *Atlas of the World's*
*Languages in Danger* category
Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX) ;	(lists);
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) ; Severely Endangered (SE) ; Definitely Endangered (DE) ; Vulnerable (VU) ;	(list); (list); (list); (list);
Safe
Safe (NE) ;	(lists);
	Other categories
Revived (RE) ; Constructed (CL) ;	(list); (list);
	Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger ; Endangered Languages Project ; Ethnologue ; Unclassified language ; List of languages by total number of speakers ;
	; UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger categories
	v ; t ; e ;

Last updated August 26, 2024

An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":^[1]

Vulnerable
Definitely endangered
Severely endangered
Critically endangered

Language	Locations	Status	Comments
Alune language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable	Alune people
Amahai language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Ampibabo Lauje language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Andio language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Anus language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered	Korur language
Aputai language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered	Wetarese languages
Arguni language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
As language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable	Raja Ampat languages
Auye language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Awera language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Awyi language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Bahonsuai language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Baleasang language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Baras language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Severely endangered
Bedoanas language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Benggoi language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Besoa language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable	Badaic language
Biak language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Boano language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Bonerif language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered	Beneraf language
Bonggo language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Budong-Budong language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Critically endangered
Burate language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Busoa language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Dabra language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Dakka language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Damal language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable	Amung language
Dampelas language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Demisa language ^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Dondo language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Doutai language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Dubu language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable	Tebi language
Duriankere language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Dusner language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Emplawas language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Enggano language ^[1]	Sumatra	Vulnerable
Erokwanas language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Fayu language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Foya language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered	Foja Mountains
Gebe language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable
Gorap language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Helong language ^[1]	Nusa Tenggara	Severely endangered
Hoti language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Hulung language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Ibu language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Iresim language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Isirawa language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Itik language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Javindo Creole language ^[1]	Java	Critically endangered
Kadai language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Kaibobo language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Kaiy language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Kalao language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Kamarian language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Kao language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Kapori language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Karas language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Kayupulau language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Keder language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Kembra language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Kodeoha language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Kofei language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Koneraw language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Koroni language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Kowiai language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Kwansu language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Kwerisa language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Laiyolo language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Lauje language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Legenyem language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Lemolang language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Lengilu language ^[1]	Kalimantan	Critically endangered
Liki language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Lisela language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable
Lola language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable
Lolak language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Critically endangered
Lom language ^[1]	Sumatra	Critically endangered	Bangka Malay
Loun language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Mander language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Mansim language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Maremgi language ^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Massep language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Momuna language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Mor language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Moraori language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered	Morori language
Napu language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable	Badaic language
Narau language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Nila language (Seram Island), Nila ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Nusa Laut language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Obokuitai language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Oirata language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Onin language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Ormu language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Padoe language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Palu'e language ^[1]	Nusa Tenggara	Definitely endangered
Panasuan language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Paulohi language ^[1]	Maluku	Critically endangered
Pauwi language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Peco' Creole language ^[1]	Java	Critically endangered
Pendau language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Pyu language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Rahambuu language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Salas language ^[1]	Maluku	Severely endangered
Saluan language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Saparua language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Saponi language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Sause language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Senggi language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Serili language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable
Sobei language ^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Taba language ^[1]	Maluku	Vulnerable
Taikat language ^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Taje language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Critically endangered
Tajio language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Taloki language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Talondo language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Tarpia language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Tause language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Taworta language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Te'un language (Seram Island)^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Tialo language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Tobati language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered
Tofanma language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Tomadino language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Tombelala language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Toratán language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Totoli language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Uhunduni language ^[1]	Papua	Vulnerable
Ujir language ^[1]	Maluku	Definitely endangered
Usku language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Wano language ^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Wari language^[1]	Papua	Definitely endangered
Waru language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Definitely endangered
Woria language ^[1]	Papua	Critically endangered
Wotu language ^[1]	Sulawesi	Vulnerable
Yoki language ^[1]	Papua	Severely endangered

Related Research Articles

An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a "dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an "extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, they are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide.

Lists of endangered languages are mainly based on the definitions used by UNESCO. In order to be listed, a language must be classified as "endangered" in a cited academic source. Researchers have concluded that in less than one hundred years, almost half of the languages known today will be lost forever. The lists are organized by region.

Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, or governments. Some argue for a distinction between language revival and language revitalization. There has only been one successful instance of a complete language revival: that of the Hebrew language.

In linguistics, language death occurs when a language loses its last native speaker. By extension, language extinction is when the language is no longer known, including by second-language speakers, when it becomes known as an extinct language. A related term is linguicide, the death of a language from natural or political causes, and, rarely, glottophagy, the absorption or replacement of a minor language by a major language.

The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages. It originally replaced the Red Book of Endangered Languages as a title in print after a brief period of overlap before being transferred to an online only publication.

Gorum, or Parengi, is a nearly-extinct minor Munda language of India.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.

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[UNESCO-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2 . Retrieved 2015-04-11.

[1]

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	(lists)
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e