List of historic properties in Holbrook, Arizona

Last updated

List of historic properties
in Holbrook, Arizona
Holbrook-Building-South Central Avenue Commercial Historic District-1888.jpg
South Central Avenue Commercial Historic District
AZMap-doton-Holbrook.png
Map of Holbrook in the Navajo County of the state of Arizona

This is a list which includes a photographic gallery, of historic structures in Holbrook, a city in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. Some of the structures of historical significance are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Other structures, which are located on the historic Route 66 are eligible to be listed in National Register of Historic Places in accordance to the "Route 66 in Arizona Survey Report". Holbrook was founded in 1881, and incorporated in 1917.

Contents

Brief history

The first known inhabitants of the Holbrook area were the Pre-Columbian Puebloans and Anasazi. The Agate House built by the Puebloans, made out of petrified wood in the Petrified Forest, serves as evidence that they inhabited that area approximately from the year 900 to 1200 AD. [1] The Anasazi pueblo village compound in the forest was inhabited from 1250 to 1350 AD. It contains over 100 rooms and kivas. [2] The area was later inhabited by the Hopi, Navajos and Apaches. The Navajos and Apaches often fought each other and against the Puebloans. [3] [4]

The first Europeans to arrive in the area were the Spanish conquistadores. Captain Don Garcia de Cardenas and his party arrived in Arizona, which at the time was part of "New Mexico", in 1540. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola and camped some sixty miles east of what was to become Holbrook. Coronado sent an expedition west to find the Colorado River, and they crossed the Little Colorado River some twenty-five miles east of the future Holbrook site and found a colorful area which they named "El Desierto Pintada" (The Painted Desert). The expedition was then led by the Hopis to the Grand Canyon. The area became part of Mexico when Mexico gained its independence from Spain. [5]

United States Territory

Wagon Road Marker Holbrook-Historic Wagon Road Marker-1858-59-2.jpg
Wagon Road Marker

The United States fought against Mexico in what is known as the Mexican–American War. The war ended officially when the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed and forced onto the remnant Mexican government. It specified its major consequence, the Mexican Cession of the northern territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México to the United States. [5] [6] [7]

From 1851 to 1857 the U.S. Army sent three expeditions along the 35th parallel. the company led by Lt.Edward Fitzgerald Beale built a ten foot wide wagon road known as Beale's Wagon Road. The area was known as Navajo Springs, after a spring a dozen miles northeast of Holbrook. Soon afterwards a store and saloon were established at the confluence of the Rio Puerco and Little Colorado Rivers two miles east of what was to become Holbrook, and the area became known as the Horsehead Crossing. The wagon road that Lt. Beale built became a popular immigrant trail during the 1860s and 1870s, and it was this survey which marked out for the first time a practicable highway along the 35th parallel that has been used from that day on. [8] [9]

Among the migrants who moved westward through Beale's Wagon Road were members of the Mormon religion who in 1876 founded Joseph City. The Atlantic and Pacific railroad began their expansion westward under the supervision of Henry Randolph Holbrook, the railroad chief engineer. The railroad workers set up a camp a mile from Joseph City (at the time the city was called St. Joseph City). Later, they established a temporary railroad station at Horsehead Crossing in present-day Holbrook. John W. Young, a grading contractor, named the station "Holbrook" in honor of the A & P chief engineer. The name stuck and on September 24, 1881, after the railroad reached Holbrook Station, the town of Holbrook was founded. [10]

Lawlessness

Bucket of Blood Street Holbrook-Bucket of Blood Steet.jpg
Bucket of Blood Street
Sheriff Commodore Perry Owens Sheriff Commodore Perry Owens.jpg
Sheriff Commodore Perry Owens
Hashknife Brand Aztec Brand.jpg
Hashknife Brand

The town became a booming cow-town after the Aztec Land and Cattle Company was established in 1884. The Aztec soon became known as the Hashknife Outfit because their brand resembled the knife used by range-land “chuckwagon” cooks. The company hired cowboys of ill repute who often rode into the main commercial district branding and firing their guns.

Terrill's Cottage Saloon was a popular cowboy gathering place. According to local lore a gunfight took place in 1891 where two men were murdered. There was so much blood spilled on the floors that it looked like a "bucket of blood" and hence the saloon was renamed the Bucket of Blood Saloon. Twenty-six men were killed in what also became known as the Bucket of Blood Street. [10] [11]

Apache Chief Geronimo had been at war with the United States for some time, before surrendering in 1886. On September 13, 1886, some of his people were escorted by the US Cavalry to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Depot in Holbrook from Fort Apache and placed on a train which took them to Fort Marion in Florida where they were imprisoned. [12]

Navajo County was split from Apache County on March 21, 1895. There had been a rivalry between the towns of Winslow and Holbrook as to who was to have the County Seat of Navajo. Holbrook received the majority of the votes. The first county sheriff was Commodore Perry Owens, a gunman who had previously served as the sheriff of Apache County. The county was the location of many of the events which occurred during the Pleasant Valley War. [10]

Andy Blevins, a member of the Hashknife Outfit who was wanted in Texas, bragged about killing two men in the Pleasant Valley War. On September 4, 1887, Sheriff Commodore Perry Owens decided to serve Belvins with an arrest warrant. The sheriff went alone to the Belvins house and a shoot out known as the "Holbrook Shout-Out" ensued. Sheriff Owens was fired upon by the occupants of the Blevins house and, in the space of a few seconds, he killed Andy, his brother Sam and Mose Roberts. [10] [13]

The town gained a reputation as being "Too Tough For Women or Churches". [14] Holbrook was said to be the only county seat in the U.S. that didn't have a church. Dr. Sidney Sapp, was the Judge of the Superior Court of Navajo County. He was also, the founder of the "Holbrook News". Judge Sapp was married to Alma Sapp who protested that she will not live in a town without a church. Judge Sapp decided to collect enough funds to establish a church. The Community Church building was finally built in 1912. [15]

Holbrook was affected by two large fires, one in 1888 and another in 1902. Both fires destroyed many of the businesses which were established in the area. Holbrook was also affected by many floods which were harder to control. [10]

Holbrook is incorporated

On March 6, 1917, the City of Holbrook, which is now known as the "Gateway to the Petrified Forest", was finally incorporated. The first appointed city mayor was W. R. Scorse and the first person who was elected as mayor on May 28, 1917, was George W. Hennesey. [10] [16]

The historic Route 66, which runs through Holbrook, was completed in 1926. [17] [18] The establishment of Route 66 was one of the major factors which contributed to the growth of the city. People who emigrated to the western part of the United States and tourists from different parts of the country often stopped and visited the city. As a consequence many motels were built, among them the Wigwam Motel, also known as the "Wigwam Village #6", located at 811 West Hopi Drive. [19]

Some of the structures in Holbrook are listed in the National Register of Historic places. There are other structures, which according to the "Route 66 in Arizona Survey Report" are eligible to be listed in National Register of Historic Places. [20] The fact that a property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places or that it may be eligible to be listed as such, does not mean that the property is safe from being demolished by its owner. According to Jim McPherson, Arizona Preservation Foundation Board President:

"It is crucial that residents, private interests, and government officials act now to save these elements of our cultural heritage before it is too late." [21]

The Navajo County Historical Society, which is in charge of show casing the legacy given to Holbrook and neighboring areas from its early residents, is located in the historic Navajo County Courthouse. The museum, which is also an official Arizona Visitors Center, has a collection of items related to the history of Holbrook on exhibit. The society's mission is to "collect, preserve and disseminate as a public trust, the heritage of the citizens of Navajo County". [22]

Structures pictured

The Bucket of Blood Saloon Holbrook-Building- Bucket of Blood Saloon-1888-2.jpg
The Bucket of Blood Saloon
The Santa Fe Railroad Depot Holbrook-Building-BNSF-Santa Fe Train Depot-1.jpg
The Santa Fe Railroad Depot
A Wigwam Motel Tepee Holbrook-Motel-Wigwam Motel-1930-2.jpg
A Wigwam Motel Tepee
Petrified wood in the Petrified Forest National Park Petrified Forest National Park-2.jpg
Petrified wood in the Petrified Forest National Park
The Agate House Petrified Forest National Park-Agate House-900-3.jpg
The Agate House

The following is a short description of the structures which are either individually or as part of the historic district, listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Also, pictured are structures which were related to the historic 1887, "Holbrook Shoot Out" between Commodore Perry Owens, the local sheriff, with cattle rustlers.

  1. The Bucket of Blood Saloon was originally constructed as the Cottage Saloon. It was built in 1888 by Byron Terrill. It is located at 119 Bucket of Blood Street (South Central). [10]
  2. The Robinson & Co. Drug Store was built in 1888 by Dr. Thomas P. Robinson. Deputy Sheriff Frank J. Wattron was a part owner and therefore the building was commonly known as Wattron's Drug Store. [10]
  3. The Pioneer Saloon was built in 1889, by Henry H. Scorse. Used as a billiard hall after prohibition. [10]
  4. The H.H. Scorse Mercantile was built in 1890, by Henry H. Scorse. Leased by Scorse in 1896 to Julius Wetzler for the Wetzler Brothers mercantile store and after 1900 operated as Henry H. Scorse mercantile. [10]
  5. The Young T. Company Warehouse built in 1900 [10] The Warehouse belonged to John W. Young. Young was the grading contractor for Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. He named the railroad station "Holbrook" in honor of chief engineer, Henry R. Holbrook. [27]
  6. The Dusty River Grocery Store now houses the Dusty River Antiques, the building was built 1900 and is located at 105 Bucket of Blood Street. [10]
  7. The Horsehead Crossing Deli and Ice Cream Parlor was built in 1900 and is located at 112 Bucket of Blood St. [10] Horsehead Crossing had been an important point for several years. The crossing was the forerunner of Holbrook. [10]

Route 66 associated structures

Vintage Pow Wow Motel sign on Route 66 Holbrook-Building-Pow Wow Trading sign-1917.jpg
Vintage Pow Wow Motel sign on Route 66

According to the "Route 66 in Arizona Survey Report" the following structures are eligible to be listed in National Register of Historic Places: [20]

Further reading

See also

References

  1. "Agate House – Petrified Forest National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". nps.gov. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  2. "Petrified Forest Anasazi People". nps.gov. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  3. DesertUSA. "Apache and Navajo Warriors – Outside Raiders". DesertUSA. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  4. "Anasazi". historytogo.utah.gov. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  5. 1 2 Weiser, Kathy (April 2015). "Two Guns – Death By Highway". Legends of America.
  6. Robarts, "Mexican War veterans" pp. 1–24[ full citation needed ]
  7. "Visit the cursed Apache Death Cave, where the angry spirits want you dead". Roadtrippers. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  8. Gerald Thompson, Edward F. Beale and the American West, University of New Mexico Press, 1983.
  9. Southwest Explorations, The Beale Wagon Road Archived October 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Vada Carlson Rodriquez, Marita R. Keams (July 28, 2014). "Highlight of Early Holbrook" (PDF). Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  11. "The History Behind Bucket Of Blood Street". onlyinyourstate.com. May 20, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  12. The Apache Wars: The Hunt for Geronimo, the Apache Kid, and the Captive Boy Who Started the Longest War in American History; By: Paul Andrew Hutton; Chapter: "The Wind and The Darkness; p. 387; Publisher: Crown/Archetype, 2016; ISBN   978-0770435820
  13. "The Shoot Out in Holbrook". True West Magazine. August 4, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  14. "Holbrook, Arizona – Too Tough For Women or Churches". Legends of America. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  15. 1 2 3 "Sapp Helps To Civilize Holbrook With Establishment Of Community Church". The Tribune. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  16. "Holbrook, Arizona – Gateway to the Petrified Forest". AmericanWestTravel.com. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  17. Paradis, pp. 96–97.
  18. Thomas W. Paradis, "From Downtown to Theme Town: Reinventing America's Smaller Historic Retail Districts", pp. 57–74 in The Themed Space: Locating Culture, Nation, and Self, ed. Scott A. Lukas (Lanham, Maryland, Lexington Books, 2007), ISBN   0-7391-2142-1
  19. "Holbrook, Route 66 Arizona". theroute-66.com. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Motley Design Group (May 25, 2012). "An Historic Resource Survey of Route 66 in Arizona" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  21. "Arizona Preservation Foundation". azpreservation.org. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  22. "Navajo County Historical Society". holbrookazmuseum.org. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  23. 1 2 "Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company depot, Holbrook, Arizona". Kansas Memory. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  24. Hoffman, Charles A. (July 16, 1997). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Arizona Rancho". National Park Service. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  25. "Holbrook Economic Development Department News Vol. 7, Issue 1" (PDF). City of Holbrook. August 11, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "National Register of Historical Places – Arizona (AZ), Navajo County". nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  27. DesertUSA.com. "Holbrook, Arizona "The Gateway to Petrified Forest National Park"". DesertUSA. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  28. Navajo Sheriff's Documents
  29. "History Of Hashknife Posse Comes Alive In Visit With Grant Brinkerhoff". The Tribune. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  30. "Holbrook – Blevins House". On the Road Arizona. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  31. "Pioneers' Cemetery Association". azhistcemeteries.org. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  32. "Sidney Sapp – Arizona". onlinebiographies.info. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  33. "National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form – Historic US Route 66 in Arizona" (PDF). May 27, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 22, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  34. "Petrified Forest National Park: 10 tips for your visit". usatoday.com. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  35. Images of 66: Digging Deeper Along the Length of Historic Route 66, Vol. 2; by David Wickline
  36. "Matriarch of Joe & Aggie's restaurant dies". Route 66 News. July 6, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2019.