List of military installations in Newfoundland and Labrador

Last updated

This is a list of former and current military installations in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

List of military installations in Newfoundland & Labrador
NameLocationOperatorBranchDateCoordinatesRef
Allan's Island Radar Station Allan's Island Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 46°50′52″N55°48′17″W / 46.84778°N 55.80472°W / 46.84778; -55.80472 (Allan's Island Radar Station) [1]
Battle Harbour LORAN-A Battle Harbour Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy 1942–1983 52°14′52.2″N55°36′40.6″W / 52.247833°N 55.611278°W / 52.247833; -55.611278 (Battle Harbour) [2]
Bell Island Battery Bell Island Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°37′49″N52°55′36″W / 47.63039°N 52.9267°W / 47.63039; -52.9267 (Bell Island) [3]
Big Bay Radar Site Labrador Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1992–present 55°44′19″N60°25′47″W / 55.73861°N 60.42972°W / 55.73861; -60.42972 (Big Bay LRR LAB-4) [4] [5]
Border Beacon Labrador Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1958–1965 55°19′58″N63°12′51″W / 55.332761°N 63.214139°W / 55.332761; -63.214139 (Border Beacon) [6]
Cape Bonavista LORAN-A Cape Bonavista Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy 1942–2012 48°41′48.5″N53°05′18.2″W / 48.696806°N 53.088389°W / 48.696806; -53.088389 (Cape Bonavista) [7]
Brig Harbour Radar Station Brig Harbour Island Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1942–1945 54°32′44″N57°10′23″W / 54.54556°N 57.17306°W / 54.54556; -57.17306 (Brig Harbour Island) [8]
Cape Bauld Radar Station Quirpon Island Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1942–1945 51°38′10″N55°25′49″W / 51.63611°N 55.43028°W / 51.63611; -55.43028 (Cape Bauld) [8]
Cape Kakiviak Radar Site Torngat Mountains Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1992–present 59°59′15″N64°09′55″W / 59.98750°N 64.16528°W / 59.98750; -64.16528 (Cape Kakiviak LRR LAB-1) [5]
Cape Kiglapait Radar Site Kiglapait Mountains Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1992–present 57°08′07″N61°28′32″W / 57.13528°N 61.47556°W / 57.13528; -61.47556 (Cape Kiglapait LRR LAB-3) [5]
Cape Makkovik Air Station Cape Makkovik Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 55°13′30″N59°08′45″W / 55.22500°N 59.14583°W / 55.22500; -59.14583 (Cape Makkovik AS N-28A) [9] [10]
Cape Race LORAN-C Cape Race Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Coast Guard.svg  United States Coast Guard 1965–2012 46°46′33″N53°10′28″W / 46.77583°N 53.17444°W / 46.77583; -53.17444 (Cape Race) [11]
Cape Ray Radar Station Table Mountain Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1942–1945 47°42′39″N59°13′36″W / 47.71083°N 59.22667°W / 47.71083; -59.22667 (Cape Ray) [8]
Cape Spear Radar Station Cape Spear Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°31′25″N52°37′10″W / 47.52361°N 52.61944°W / 47.52361; -52.61944 (Cape Spear) [12] [13] [9] [14] [15]
Cartwright Air Station Cartwright Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1952–1968 53°43′28″N56°57′51″W / 53.72444°N 56.96417°W / 53.72444; -56.96417 (Cartwright AS N-27) [9] [10]
Cartwright Radar Site Cartwright Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1998–present 53°33′04″N56°49′48″W / 53.55111°N 56.83000°W / 53.55111; -56.83000 (Cartwright LRR LAB-6) [5]
Castle Hill Placentia Royal Standard of the King of France.svg France Flag of France.svg  French Army 1662–1713 47°15′04″N53°58′17″W / 47.25111°N 53.97139°W / 47.25111; -53.97139 (Castle Hill) [16]
CFB Gander Gander Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1941–present 48°56′13″N54°34′05″W / 48.93694°N 54.56806°W / 48.93694; -54.56806 (CFB Gander) [17]
CFB Goose Bay Happy Valley-Goose Bay Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1941–present 53°19′09″N60°25′33″W / 53.31917°N 60.42583°W / 53.31917; -60.42583 (CFB Goose Bay) [18]
CFS Saglek Saglek Bay Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1988–present 58°29′01″N62°40′07″W / 58.48361°N 62.66861°W / 58.48361; -62.66861 (CFS Saglek) [5]
CFS St. John's St. John's Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy 1949–present 47°34′59″N52°41′38″W / 47.58306°N 52.69389°W / 47.58306; -52.69389 (CFS St. John's) [19]
Comfort Cove LORAN-C Comfort Cove Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Coast Guard.svg  United States Coast Guard 1966–2012 49°19′54″N54°51′43″W / 49.33167°N 54.86194°W / 49.33167; -54.86194 (Comfort Cove LORAN-C) [20]
Cut Throat Island Air Station Cut Throat Island Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 54°29′47″N57°08′00″W / 54.49639°N 57.13333°W / 54.49639; -57.13333 (Cut Throat Island N-27A) [9] [10]
Elliston Ridge Air Station Bonavista Peninsula Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 48°37′33″N53°03′31″W / 48.62583°N 53.05861°W / 48.62583; -53.05861 (Elliston Ridge AS N-22B) [9] [10]
Elliston Ridge Radar Station Bonavista Peninsula Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 48°37′38″N53°03′27″W / 48.62722°N 53.05750°W / 48.62722; -53.05750 (Elliston Ridge AS N-22B) [12] [13] [9] [14] [15]
Ernest Harmon Air Force Base Stephenville Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1942–1976 48°32′38″N58°33′12″W / 48.54389°N 58.55333°W / 48.54389; -58.55333 (Ernest Harmon AFB) [21] [22]
Fire Control Station No. 11 White Hills Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°35′10″N52°40′20″W / 47.5859746°N 52.6722603°W / 47.5859746; -52.6722603 (White Hills) [23]
Fire Control Station No. 12 Logy Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°38′48″N52°39′41″W / 47.646611°N 52.661472°W / 47.646611; -52.661472 (Red Cliff) [23]
Fire Control Station No. 16 Flatrock Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°42′06″N52°41′58″W / 47.7017029°N 52.6993566°W / 47.7017029; -52.6993566 (Flatrock) [23]
Fogo Island Radar Station Fogo Island Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 49°42′32″N54°04′19″W / 49.70889°N 54.07194°W / 49.70889; -54.07194 (Fogo Island Radar Station) [12] [13] [9] [14] [15]
Fort Amherst St. John's Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Great Britain Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1770–1945 47°33′49″N52°40′49″W / 47.56361°N 52.68028°W / 47.56361; -52.68028 (Fort Amherst) [24]
Fort Ferryland Ferryland Flag of England.svg EnglandEnglish White Ensign 1620.svg  Royal Navy 1620–1673 47°01′25″N52°53′03″W / 47.023497°N 52.884213°W / 47.023497; -52.884213 (Fort Ferryland) [25] [26]
Fort Frederick Placentia Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Great Britain Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1721–1746 47°14′57″N53°57′42″W / 47.24917°N 53.96167°W / 47.24917; -53.96167 (Fort Frederick) [16]
Fort McAndrew Argentia Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1941–1946 47°17′17″N53°58′51″W / 47.28806°N 53.98083°W / 47.28806; -53.98083 (Fort McAndrew) [23]
Fort Plaisance Placentia Royal Standard of the King of France.svg France Flag of France.svg  French Army 1662–1713 47°15′10″N53°58′05″W / 47.252851°N 53.968001°W / 47.252851; -53.968001 (Fort Plaisance) [16]
Fort Point Trinity Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Great Britain Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1744–1820 48°21′55″N53°20′42″W / 48.36528°N 53.34500°W / 48.36528; -53.34500 (Fort Point) [27]
Fort Royal Placentia Royal Standard of the King of France.svg France Flag of France.svg  French Army 1687–1713 47°15′04″N53°58′17″W / 47.25111°N 53.97139°W / 47.25111; -53.97139 (Fort Royal) [16]
Fort Saint Louis Placentia Royal Standard of the King of France.svg France Flag of France.svg  French Army 1690–1713 47°15′05″N53°57′52″W / 47.251348°N 53.964388°W / 47.251348; -53.964388 (Fort Saint Louis) [16]
Fort Townshend St. John's Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Great Britain Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1775–1871 47°33′58″N52°42′40″W / 47.56611°N 52.71111°W / 47.56611; -52.71111 (Fort Townshend) [28]
Fort Waldegrave St. John's Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Great Britain Flag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1798–1871 47°34′08″N52°41′27″W / 47.56889°N 52.69083°W / 47.56889; -52.69083 (Fort Waldegrave)
Fort William St. John's Flag of England.svg EnglandEnglish White Ensign 1620.svg  Royal Navy 1698–1871 47°34′15″N52°42′02″W / 47.57083°N 52.70056°W / 47.57083; -52.70056 (Fort William) [29]
Fox Harbour Air Station St. Lewis Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 52°22′12″N55°39′52″W / 52.37000°N 55.66444°W / 52.37000; -55.66444 (Fox Harbour AS N-27C) [9] [10]
Fox Harbour LORAN-C St. Lewis Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Coast Guard.svg  United States Coast Guard 1966–2012 52°22′35″N55°42′29″W / 52.37639°N 55.70806°W / 52.37639; -55.70806 (Fox Harbour LORAN-C) [20]
Goose Air Force Base Happy Valley-Goose Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1941–1994 53°19′36″N60°24′54″W / 53.32667°N 60.41500°W / 53.32667; -60.41500 (Goose AFB) [30]
Goose Air Weapons Range Labrador Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1977–present 52°17′20″N60°57′14″W / 52.28889°N 60.95389°W / 52.28889; -60.95389 (Goose Air Weapons Range) [31]
Goose Nuclear Weapons Storage Complex Happy Valley-Goose Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1974 53°17′43.9″N60°22′36.6″W / 53.295528°N 60.376833°W / 53.295528; -60.376833 (Goose Air Base Weapons Storage Area) [30]
Harbor Defenses of St. John's St. John's Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1941–1945 47°35′10″N52°41′31″W / 47.58611°N 52.69194°W / 47.58611; -52.69194 (Harbor Defenses of St. John's) [23]
HMC Dockyard Bay Bulls Bay Bulls Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy 1940–1948 47°18′57″N52°48′37″W / 47.31583°N 52.81028°W / 47.31583; -52.81028 (HMC Dockyard Bay Bulls) [32]
HMCS Cabot St. John's Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy 1949–present 47°33′33″N52°42′12″W / 47.559211°N 52.703245°W / 47.559211; -52.703245 (HMCS Cabot) [33]
Hopedale Air Station Hopedale Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1968 55°27′59″N60°13′47″W / 55.46639°N 60.22972°W / 55.46639; -60.22972 (Hopedale AS N-28) [9] [10]
La Scie Air Station La Scie Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 49°58′50″N55°31′48″W / 49.98056°N 55.53000°W / 49.98056; -55.53000 (La Scie AS N-26B) [9] [10]
Manuels Battery Conception Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 47°31′52″N52°57′24″W / 47.53120°N 52.95673°W / 47.53120; -52.95673 (Manuels) [23]
McAndrew Air Force Base Argentia Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1948–1955 47°17′05″N53°59′21″W / 47.28472°N 53.98917°W / 47.28472; -53.98917 (McAndrew AFB) [23]
Melville Air Station Dome Mountain Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1988 53°17′45″N60°32′23″W / 53.29583°N 60.53972°W / 53.29583; -60.53972 (Melville AS N-24) [9] [10]
Mid-Canada Line Labrador Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1956–1965 55°18′47″N66°42′18″W / 55.313057°N 66.705042°W / 55.313057; -66.705042 (Mid-Canada Line Site 227) [34]
Naval Station Argentia Argentia Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Navy (official).svg  United States Navy 1941–1994 47°18′22″N53°59′24″W / 47.30611°N 53.99000°W / 47.30611; -53.99000 (Naval Station Argentia) [23]
Pepperrell Air Force Base St. John's Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1941–1961 47°35′10″N52°41′31″W / 47.58611°N 52.69194°W / 47.58611; -52.69194 (Pepperrell AFB) [35] [36]
Phillip's Head Battery Bay of Exploits Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 49°13′29″N55°18′06″W / 49.224601°N 55.301536°W / 49.224601; -55.301536 (Phillip's Head) [23]
Port aux Basques Radar Station Port aux Basques Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1942–1945 47°34′14″N59°09′04″W / 47.57056°N 59.15111°W / 47.57056; -59.15111 (Port aux Basques) [8]
Queen's Battery St. John's Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomFlag of the British Army.svg  British Army 1796–1871 47°34′07″N52°41′09″W / 47.568688°N 52.685891°W / 47.568688; -52.685891 (Queen's Battery) [37]
RAF(U) Goose Bay Happy Valley-Goose Bay Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomEnsign of the Royal Air Force.svg  Royal Air Force 1942–2005 53°18′34″N60°24′22″W / 53.30944°N 60.40611°W / 53.30944; -60.40611 (RAF(U) Goose Bay) [30]
RCAF Aerodrome Torbay St. John's Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1941–1961 47°37′07″N52°45′09″W / 47.61861°N 52.75250°W / 47.61861; -52.75250 (RCAF Aerodrome Torbay) [38]
RCAF Saglek Saglek Bay Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1970–1986 58°28′28″N62°39′15″W / 58.47444°N 62.65417°W / 58.47444; -62.65417 (RCAF Saglek) [9] [10]
RCAF Station Botwood Bay of Exploits Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaRoyal Canadian Air Force ensign.svg  Royal Canadian Air Force 1937–1946 49°09′25″N55°20′08″W / 49.15694°N 55.33556°W / 49.15694; -55.33556 (RCAF Station Botwood) [39]
Red Cliff Air Station Logy Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1961 47°38′20″N52°40′02″W / 47.63889°N 52.66722°W / 47.63889; -52.66722 (Red Cliff AS N-22) [12] [9] [14] [15]
Saglek Air Station Saglek Bay Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1970 58°29′19″N62°35′08″W / 58.48861°N 62.58556°W / 58.48861; -62.58556 (Saglek AS N-29) [9] [10]
Saint Anthony Air Station St. Anthony Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1953–1968 51°20′57″N55°36′39″W / 51.34917°N 55.61083°W / 51.34917; -55.61083 (Saint Anthony AS N-26) [9] [10]
Spotted Island Air Station Spotted Island Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1957–1961 53°31′05″N55°44′56″W / 53.51806°N 55.74889°W / 53.51806; -55.74889 (Spotted Island AS N-27B) [9] [10]
St. Bride's Radar Station St. Bride's Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army 1943–1945 46°55′55″N54°10′49″W / 46.93194°N 54.18028°W / 46.93194; -54.18028 (St. Bride's Radar Station) [12] [13] [9] [14] [15]
Stephenville Air Station Stephenville Flag of the United States.svg USFlag of the United States Air Force.svg  United States Air Force 1951–1971 48°35′21″N58°39′58″W / 48.58917°N 58.66611°W / 48.58917; -58.66611 (Stephenville AS N-23) [9] [10]
Tukialik Radar Site Labrador Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada North American Aerospace Defense Command logo.svg NORAD 1992–present 54°42′53″N58°21′30″W / 54.71472°N 58.35833°W / 54.71472; -58.35833 (Tukialik LRR LAB-5) [5]
Weather Station Kurt Martin Bay Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg Nazi Germany Kriegsmarine insignia casco.svg Kriegsmarine 1943–1944 60°05′00″N64°22′51″W / 60.083389°N 64.380778°W / 60.083389; -64.380778 (Weather Station Kurt) [40]
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See also

References

  1. ↑ "Other American Stations". Heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  2. ↑ "LORAN Station Battle Harbour". loran-history. Archived from the original on 15 November 2025. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
  3. ↑ "The U-Boat Attacks on the Bell Island Ore Ships in 1942". Heritage.nf.ca. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  4. ↑ "The DEWLine | the Distant Early Warning Radar Line".
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "North Warning System". 1swilson.ca. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  6. ↑ Phase I Environmental Site Assessment – Former US Military Mid Canada Line Radar Site 212 (PDF) (Report). Department of Environment and Conservation. March 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  7. ↑ "Demolition of Cape Bonavista Loran A Site, Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 19 March 2025. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Christian Wolff; Pierre Vaillant. "Chain Home". radartutorial.eu (in French). Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "The CADIN Pinetree Line Locations".
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Information for Cape Makkovik AS, NL, CN". www.radomes.org.
  11. ↑ "Sample Projects". Varcon Inc. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2006.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Cardoulis, John N (1990). A Friendly Invasion (The American Military in Newfoundland: 1940–1990). St John's: Breakwater Books Ltd. p. 25. ISBN   0-920911-85-4.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Fort Cape Spear – Cape Spear, Newfoundland and Labrador – Historic Forts on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Smallwood, Joseph R (1981). Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador (PDF). St John's: Newfoundland Book Publishers (1967) Ltd. p. 340. ISBN   0920508146.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "Other American Stations".
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Historical Archaeology of a French Fortification in the Colony of Plaisance: The Vieux Fort Site (ChAl-04), Placentia, Newfoundland". www.academia.edu.
  17. ↑ "9 Wing Gander – Royal Canadian Air Force". 10 April 2013.
  18. ↑ "5 Wing Goose Bay – Royal Canadian Air Force". 10 April 2013.
  19. ↑ "1col".
  20. 1 2 "Home | Navigation Center". www.navcen.uscg.gov.
  21. ↑ "Defenses in Newfoundland, Canada". Coast Defense Study Group. 24 May 2016.
  22. ↑ "Official Website of the Town of Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada". Archived from the original on 22 June 2002.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917–1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2" (PDF).
  24. ↑ "HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
  25. ↑ "Newfoundland Forts". www.northamericanforts.com.
  26. ↑ "History – Colony of Avalon". www.heritage.nf.ca.
  27. ↑ "Fort (Admiral's) Point – Trinity". Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada – Official Tourism Website.
  28. ↑ "Background and Construction". www.heritage.nf.ca.
  29. ↑ "HistoricPlaces.ca – HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
  30. 1 2 3 National Defence, Royal Canadian Air Force (10 April 2013). "5 Wing Goose Bay – Royal Canadian Air Force". www.canada.ca.
  31. ↑ "Construction of Austere Landing Strip For the 5 Wing Practice Target Area" (PDF). gov.nl.ca. 4 June 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
  32. ↑ Ransom, Bernard D (1994). "Canada's "Newfyjohn" Tenancy: The Royal Canadian Navy in St. John's, 1941–1945". Acadiensis. 23 (2): 45–71. JSTOR   30302874.
  33. ↑ Navy, Royal Canadian (21 October 2020). "HMCS Cabot". www.canada.ca.
  34. ↑ "Camping Canadian". campingcdn.blogspot.com.
  35. ↑ "Newfoundland and Canada: The War Years, 1939–1945". www.heritage.nf.ca.
  36. ↑ Lend Lease Agreement
  37. ↑ Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (6 December 2022). "Military History of Signal Hill – Defence of the narrows". parks.canada.ca.
  38. ↑ "St. John's International Airport". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
  39. ↑ "RCAF Station Botwood".
  40. ↑ Douglas, Alec. "The Nazi weather station in Labrador" (PDF). Canadian Geographic . Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2021.
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