Mints designed for the manufacture of coins have been commonplace since coined currency was first developed around 600 BC by the Lydian people of modern-day Turkey. The popularity of coins spread across the Mediterranean so that by the 6th century BC nearby regions of Athens, Aegina, Corinth and Persia had all developed their own coins.
Methods used at mints to produce coins have changed as technology has developed, with early coins either being cast using moulds to produce cast coins or being struck between two dies to produce hammered coin. Around the middle of the 16th century machine-made milled coins were developed, allowing coins of a higher quality to be made.
National currencies are generally minted by a country's central bank or on its behalf by an independent mint. For example, the coins of the New Zealand Dollar are minted jointly by the Royal Mint in the United Kingdom and the Royal Canadian Mint for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. [1] Also national mints are sometimes privatised to become state-owned enterprises allowing them to pursue commercial interests such as producing commemorative coins, medals and different types of bullion.
Today the United States Mint is largest mint manufacturer in the world, operating across six sites and producing as many as 28 billion coins in a single year. [2] Its largest site is the Philadelphia Mint which covers 650,000 square feet [3] (6 hectares) and can produce 32 million coins per day. [4]
The world's oldest continuously running mint is the Monnaie de Paris in France which was founded in AD 864 and is the world's 8th oldest company. The second is the British Royal Mint, founded in AD 886 and the 10th oldest.
Polity | Name | Year started | Year ended | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Melbourne Mint | 1872 | 1968 | Production moved to the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra | |
Australia | Sydney Mint | 1854 | 1926 | Production moved to Melbourne & Perth Mints | |
Austria | Hasegg Castle | 1748 | 1806 | ||
Bolivia | National Mint of Bolivia | 1572 | 1953 | The currency of Bolivia is now minted by foreign mints | |
Chile | La Moneda Palace | 1814 | 1929 | Now the residence of the President of Chile, production moved to the Casa de Moneda de Chile. | |
Colombia | Casa de Moneda | 1620 | 1987 | Now a museum, production moved to the Fábrica de Moneda in Ibagué. | |
England | Horndon mint | 1056 | |||
Hong Kong | Hong Kong Mint | 1866 | 1868 | ||
Indonesia | PN Artha Yasa | 1965 | 1971 | Merged with state printer Pertjetakan Kebajoran to form Perum Peruri. | |
Iran | Provincial mints of Iran | 1877 | Replaced by the Zarab-khane | ||
Ireland | The Mint (Carlingford) | ||||
Philippines | Manila Mint | 1861 | 1945 | Became an official branch of the US Mint in 1920 and was later destroyed following the liberation of the Philippines in World War II | |
Spain | National Mint of Xuvia | 1812 | 1868 | ||
Scotland | Mints of Scotland | 1136 | 1709 | Following the Acts of Union 1707, the last mint in Edinburgh closed and minting was ceded to the Royal Mint | |
Sweden | Myntverket | AD 995 | 2008 | Sold to the Mint of Finland in 2008 | |
United Kingdom | Soho Mint | 1788 | 1848 | ||
United States | Carson City Mint | 1870 | 1893 | ||
United States | Charlotte Mint | 1835 | 1861 | ||
United States | Dahlonega Mint | 1838 | 1861 | ||
United States | The Dalles Mint | 1869 | 1869 | Partly constructed in 1869, but never completed | |
United States | Engelhard [ citation needed ] | 1868 | 1888 | Ceased production of bullion products | |
United States | New Orleans Mint | 1838 | 1909 | ||
Venice | Venice Mint | 1536 | 1797 |
The Krugerrand is a South African coin, first minted on 3 July 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by Rand Refinery and the South African Mint. The name is a compound of Paul Kruger, the former President of the South African Republic, and rand, the South African unit of currency. On the reverse side of the Krugerrand is a pronking springbok, South Africa's national animal.
Coins of the United States dollar – aside from those of the earlier Continental currency – were first minted in 1792. New coins have been produced annually and they comprise a significant aspect of the United States currency system. Circulating coins exist in denominations of 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, and $1.00. Also minted are bullion, including gold, silver and platinum, and commemorative coins. All of these are produced by the United States Mint. The coins are then sold to Federal Reserve Banks which in turn put coins into circulation and withdraw them as demanded by the United States economy.
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
The Royal Canadian Mint is the mint of Canada and a Crown corporation, operating under the Royal Canadian Mint Act. The shares of the Mint are held in trust for the Crown in right of Canada.
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.
The Monnaie de Paris is a government-owned institution responsible for producing France's coins. Founded in AD 864 with the Edict of Pistres, it is the oldest continuously running minting institution and one of the oldest extant companies in the world.
The American Silver Eagle is the official silver bullion coin of the United States. It was first released by the United States Mint on November 24, 1986, and portrays the Goddess of Liberty in a design by Adolph A. Weinman that was originally used on the Walking Liberty half dollar from 1916 to 1947.
East Timor centavo coins were introduced in East Timor in 2003 for use alongside United States dollar banknotes and coins, which were introduced in 2000 to replace the Indonesian rupiah following the commencement of U.N. administration. One centavo is equal to one U.S. cent. Coins issued for general circulation are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and feature images of local plants and animals. In 2013 a 100 centavos coin was introduced followed by a 200 centavos coin in 2017. The higher value coins, equivalent to US$1 and US$2 respectively, were designed to reduce the expense of replacing low-denomination U.S. banknotes as they wear out. As of 2024, East Timor does not yet issue its own banknotes.
The Casa da Moeda do Brasil is the Brazilian mint, owned by the Brazilian government and administratively subordinated to the Ministry of Finances. It was established in 1694. Its current headquarters and industrial facilities occupy a modern plant with 110,000 square metres in Rio de Janeiro's western suburb of Santa Cruz.
The Perth Mint is Australia's official bullion mint and wholly owned by the Government of Western Australia. Established on 20 June 1899, two years before Australia's Federation in 1901, the Perth Mint was the last of three Australian colonial branches of the United Kingdom's Royal Mint intended to refine gold from the gold rushes and to mint gold sovereigns and half-sovereigns for the British Empire. Along with the Royal Australian Mint, which produces coins of the Australian dollar for circulation, the Perth Mint is the older of Australia's two mints issuing coins that are legal tender. It has been selling diluted gold since 2018 and is facing huge fines and being delisted from the Shanghai Gold Exchange for swindling investors and trying to cover up its action.
The Casa de Moneda de México is the national mint of Mexico and is the oldest mint in the Americas.
The Museo Casa de Moneda is a numismatics museum located in La Candelaria neighborhood of Bogotá, Colombia. It is managed by the Bank of the Republic of Colombia and used to display its numismatic collection that is composed by around 18,600 objects that include artwork, banknotes, bonds, coins, derivatives, medals, negotiable instruments, and printing instruments from various periods and regions of the world.
The National Mint of Xuvia was a Spanish mint of copper coins from 1812 to 1868.
The Libertad coins are silver and gold bullion coins originating from Mexico and minted by the La Casa de Moneda de México. The Mexican Mint was established in 1535 and is the oldest mint in the Americas. The modern coins contain 99.9% silver or gold and are available in various sizes. Both metal coins have undergone a design change. In 1989, 3,500 1⁄4 ounce Libertad platinum coins were produced. Libertads are devoid of face value, yet are legal tender, still accepted as currency and guaranteed by Banco de México based on the market value of its gold or silver content.
The America the Beautiful silver bullion coins comprise a series of silver bullion coins with a face value of a quarter dollar. The coins contain five troy ounces of silver, making them the largest silver bullion coins ever issued by the United States Mint. The design of the coins duplicates exactly—though enlarged—each of the America the Beautiful quarters. They were issued from 2010 to 2021. The coins were available for sale during the year in which their corresponding circulating coin is issued. The coins are distributed by the United States Mint's network of authorized bullion dealers, and may be resold at the discretion of the Director of the National Park Service.
Samlerhuset Norge is a Norwegian distributor of collectibles, mainly coins and medals, but also stamps, banknotes and philatelic numismatic covers (PNC). Samlerhuset is located in Oppegård, Norway. The company, with the full name Samlerhuset Norge, is part of the Samlerhuset Group B.V., headquartered in Almere, the Netherlands. Samlerhuset was founded in Norway in 1994, and started expanding to several countries in Europe and to China. Samlerhuset Group B.V. now have offices in 16 countries. They cooperate with a number of central banks on commemorative coins and coin collections.
The Royal Mint of Spain is the national mint of Spain. The FNMT-RCM is a public corporation that is attached to the Ministry of Economy.
The Brazilian real is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.
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