Mints designed for the manufacture of coins have been commonplace since coined currency was first developed around 600 BC by the Lydian people of modern-day Turkey. The popularity of coins spread across the Mediterranean so that by the 6th century BC nearby regions of Athens, Aegina, Corinth and Persia had all developed their own coins.
Methods used at mints to produce coins have changed as technology has developed, with early coins either being cast using moulds to produce cast coins or being struck between two dies to produce hammered coin. Around the middle of the 16th century machine-made milled coins were developed, allowing coins of a higher quality to be made.
National currencies are generally minted by a country's central bank or on its behalf by an independent mint. For example, the coins of the New Zealand Dollar are minted jointly by the Royal Mint in the United Kingdom and the Royal Canadian Mint for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand. [1] Also national mints are sometimes privatised to become state-owned enterprises allowing them to pursue commercial interests such as producing commemorative coins, medals and different types of bullion.
Today the United States Mint is largest mint manufacturer in the world, operating across six sites and producing as many as 28 billion coins in a single year. [2] Its largest site is the Philadelphia Mint which covers 650,000 square feet [3] (6 hectares) and can produce 32 million coins per day. [4]
The world's oldest continuously running mint is the Monnaie de Paris in France which was founded in AD 864 and is the world's 8th oldest company. The second is the British Royal Mint, founded in AD 886 and the 10th oldest.
Polity | Name | Year started | Year ended | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Melbourne Mint | 1872 | 1968 | Production moved to the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra | |
Australia | Sydney Mint | 1854 | 1926 | Production moved to Melbourne & Perth Mints | |
Austria | Hasegg Castle | 1748 | 1806 | ||
Bolivia | National Mint of Bolivia | 1572 | 1953 | The currency of Bolivia is now minted by foreign mints | |
Chile | La Moneda Palace | 1814 | 1929 | Now the residence of the President of Chile, production moved to the Casa de Moneda de Chile. | |
Colombia | Casa de Moneda | 1620 | 1987 | Now a museum, production moved to the Fábrica de Moneda in Ibagué. | |
England | Horndon mint | 1056 | |||
Hong Kong | Hong Kong Mint | 1866 | 1868 | ||
Indonesia | PN Artha Yasa | 1965 | 1971 | Merged with state printer Pertjetakan Kebajoran to form Perum Peruri. | |
Iran | Provincial mints of Iran | 1877 | Replaced by the Zarab-khane | ||
Ireland | The Mint (Carlingford) | ||||
Philippines | Manila Mint | 1861 | 1945 | Became an official branch of the US Mint in 1920 and was later destroyed following the liberation of the Philippines in World War II | |
Spain | National Mint of Xuvia | 1812 | 1868 | ||
Scotland | Mints of Scotland | 1136 | 1709 | Following the Acts of Union 1707, the last mint in Edinburgh closed and minting was ceded to the Royal Mint | |
Sweden | Myntverket | AD 995 | 2008 | Sold to the Mint of Finland in 2008 | |
United Kingdom | Pobjoy Mint | 1965 | 2023 | ||
United Kingdom | Soho Mint | 1788 | 1848 | ||
United States | Carson City Mint | 1870 | 1893 | ||
United States | Charlotte Mint | 1835 | 1861 | ||
United States | Dahlonega Mint | 1838 | 1861 | ||
United States | The Dalles Mint | 1869 | 1869 | Partly constructed in 1869, but never completed | |
United States | Engelhard [ citation needed ] | 1868 | 1888 | Ceased production of bullion products | |
United States | New Orleans Mint | 1838 | 1909 | ||
Venice | Venice Mint | 1536 | 1797 |
The Krugerrand is a South African coin, first minted on 3 July 1967 to help market South African gold and produced by Rand Refinery and the South African Mint. The name is a compound of Paul Kruger, the former President of the South African Republic, and rand, the South African unit of currency. On the reverse side of the Krugerrand is a pronking springbok, South Africa's national animal.
The Royal Mint is the United Kingdom's official maker of British coins. It is currently located in Llantrisant, Wales, where it moved in 1968.
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures coins that can be used as currency.
The córdoba is the currency of Nicaragua and is divided into 100 centavos.
The Monnaie de Paris is a government-owned institution responsible for producing France's coins. Founded in AD 864 with the Edict of Pistres, it is the oldest continuously running minting institution and one of the oldest extant companies in the world.
The boliviano is the currency of Bolivia. It is divided into 100 cents or centavos in Spanish. Boliviano was also the name of the currency of Bolivia between 1864 and 1963. From April 2018, the manager of the Central Bank of Bolivia, Pablo Ramos, announced the introduction of the new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, started with the 10 Bs note, and then gradually arrived to introduce the 200 Bs note, presented in April 2019. The new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State received several awards such as "the best banknotes in Latin America", was highlighted by its security measures, its aesthetics and its inclusion of prominent figures in Bolivian history, being among those who awarded the "Latin American High Security Printing Press Conference".
The American Silver Eagle is the official silver bullion coin of the United States. It was first released by the United States Mint on November 24, 1986, and portrays the Goddess of Liberty in a design by Adolph A. Weinman that was originally used on the Walking Liberty half dollar from 1916 to 1947.
The American Gold Eagle is an official gold bullion coin of the United States. Authorized under the Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, it was first released by the United States Mint in 1986. Because the term "eagle" also is the official United States designation for the pre-1933 ten dollar gold coin, the weight of the bullion coin is typically used when describing American Gold Eagles to avoid confusion with the pre-1933 coins. This is particularly true with the 1/4-oz American Gold Eagle, which has a marked face value of ten dollars, the same as that of its predecessor.
East Timor centavo coins were introduced in East Timor in 2003 for use alongside United States dollar banknotes and coins, which were introduced in 2000 to replace the Indonesian rupiah following the commencement of U.N. administration. One centavo is equal to one U.S. cent. Coins issued for general circulation are in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and feature images of local plants and animals. In 2013 a 100 centavos coin was introduced followed by a 200 centavos coin in 2017. The higher value coins, equivalent to US$1 and US$2 respectively, were designed to reduce the expense of replacing low-denomination U.S. banknotes as they wear out. As of 2024, East Timor does not yet issue its own banknotes.
The Casa da Moeda do Brasil is the Brazilian mint, owned by the Brazilian government and administratively subordinated to the Ministry of Finances. It was established in 1694. Its current headquarters and industrial facilities occupy a modern plant with 110,000 square metres in Rio de Janeiro's western suburb of Santa Cruz.
The Perth Mint is Australia's official bullion mint and wholly owned by the Government of Western Australia. Established on 20 June 1899, two years before Australia's Federation in 1901, the Perth Mint was the last of three Australian colonial branches of the United Kingdom's Royal Mint intended to refine gold from the gold rushes and to mint gold sovereigns and half-sovereigns for the British Empire. Along with the Royal Australian Mint, which produces coins of the Australian dollar for circulation, the Perth Mint is the older of Australia's two mints issuing coins that are legal tender.
The Casa de Moneda de México is the national mint of Mexico and is the oldest mint in the Americas.
The Museo Casa de Moneda is a numismatics museum located in La Candelaria neighborhood of Bogotá, Colombia. It is managed by the Bank of the Republic of Colombia and used to display its numismatic collection that is composed by around 18,600 objects that include artwork, banknotes, bonds, coins, derivatives, medals, negotiable instruments, and printing instruments from various periods and regions of the world.
The National Mint of Xuvia was a Spanish mint of copper coins from 1812 to 1868.
The Libertad coins are silver and gold bullion coins originating from Mexico and minted by the Casa de Moneda de México. The Mexican Mint was established in 1535 and is the oldest mint in the Americas. The modern coins contain 99.9% silver or gold and are available in various sizes. Both metal coins have undergone a design change. In 1989, 3,500 1⁄4 ounce Libertad platinum coins were produced. Libertads are devoid of face value, yet are legal tender, still accepted as currency and guaranteed by Banco de México, based on the market value of its gold or silver content.
Samlerhuset Norge is a Norwegian distributor of collectibles, mainly coins and medals, but also stamps, banknotes and philatelic numismatic covers (PNC). Samlerhuset is located in Oppegård, Norway. The company, with the full name Samlerhuset Norge, is part of the Samlerhuset Group B.V., headquartered in Almere, the Netherlands. Samlerhuset was founded in Norway in 1994, and started expanding to several countries in Europe and to China. Samlerhuset Group B.V. now have offices in 16 countries. They cooperate with a number of central banks on commemorative coins and coin collections.
The Royal Mint of Spain is the national mint of Spain. The FNMT-RCM is a public corporation that is attached to the Ministry of Economy.
The Brazilian real is the official currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The Central Bank of Brazil is the central bank and the issuing authority. The real replaced the cruzeiro real in 1994.
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