List of mobile network operators in Europe Last updated December 18, 2024
Mobile phone penetration in Europe based on available data between 2009 and 2012: > 140%
120–140%
100–120%
< 100%
No data
A mobile network operator , also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communication services.
The main mobile network operators in Europe are listed below.
Albania Albania as per has 3.66 million subscribers, of whom 2.49 million are active users (101% penetration rate) (Q1 2021).
Active user is one who has communicated in the last three months. [1]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP .
In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile , 80.27%, [2] to a network merger in 2023.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 One Albania • Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network. [3] GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE
3420/3540 MHz 5G NR (in development)
1.914 (Q3 2021) 4iG [4] [5] 27601 2 Vodafone Albania GSM -900/1800 MHzGPRS , EDGE ) 2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE 3600 MHz/3700 MHz 5G NR 1.975 (Q2 2025) Vodafone Group plc (99.9%) 27602
Andorra Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers [6] or about 113.63% mobile penetration.
Armenia Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate. [9]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership 1 VIVA GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS -900/2100 MHz (Band : B1/B8) (UMTS , HSDPA )LTE , LTE-A , 5G , VoLTE , VoWiFi LTE -1800/2600 MHz (Band : B3/B7) (LTE ) 2.2 (Q1 2022) [10] Viva Armenia (Fedilco Group Limited (Zhe Zhang (75%) and Konstantin Sokolov (25%)) (80%) and Government of Armenia (20%)) 2 team GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS -900/2100 MHz (Band : B1/B8) (UMTS , HSDPA )LTE -LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz) 1.0 (November 2017) Telecom Armenia CJSC 3 Ucom GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS -900/2100 MHz (Band : B1/B8) UMTS , HSDPA LTE -LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band : B3/B7) (LTE ) 0.933 (December 2017) Ucom
Austria Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers (i.e. 2.0 2G, 10.8 3G and 0.1 4G SIM cards), or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014). [11]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 A1 GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 5.148 (including yesss!) (Q3 2022) [12] A1 Group (América Móvil (59.1%), ÖBAG (28.4%), institutional (7.9%), retail (3.3%), others (1.3%)). 23201 2 Magenta Telekom (formerly T-Mobile , max.mobil ) GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ (roams on 3 's UMTS network where no UMTS )
MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR
4.557 (Q2 2022) [13] Deutsche Telekom AG 23203 3 Drei • Includes the previous Orange network. GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE )roams on Magenta Telekom 's GSM network when needed) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 3.222 (Q3 2022) [14] CK Hutchison Holdings 23205
Azerbaijan In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate.[ citation needed ] million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.[ citation needed ]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Azercell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE 4.417 [15] (April 2013) AzInTelecom (state-owned company) 40001 2 Bakcell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE [16] 3.4 Neqsol Holding 40002 3 Nar GSM 1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE 2.1 (March 2014) Azerfon LLC 40004 4 Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE 800 Nakhtel LLC 40006
Belarus Belarus has 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 MTS GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE 5.7 (Q1 2022) [10] Beltelecom (51%)MTS (49%) 25702 2 A1 (formerly velcom ) GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi 4.889 (Q2 2022) [17] A1 Group 25701 3 Life GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 1.5 (Q2 2022) [18] Turkcell 25704
Belgium Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate [19] (Q4 2014).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications (BIPT).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Proximus (formerly Belgacom ) 900/1800 GSM (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE MHz 5G NR 5.065 (Q3 2024) [20] Proximus Group N.V./S.A. (Government of Belgium 53.3%) 20601 2 Orange (formerly Mobistar , OBE ) 900/1800 GSM (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi 3.320 (Q4 2023) [21] Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%) 20610 3 Base 900/1800 GSM (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi 2.673 (Q3 2023) [22] Telenet Group N.V./S.A. (Liberty Global 100%) 20620
Bosnia and Herzegovina In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total, [23] or a 115% penetration rate.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK). [24]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers in million Ownership MCC / MNC 1 BH Mobile (formerly GSM-BIH )
GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE VoLTE , ViLTE , eSIM (postpaid only)
5G NR (in development)
1.577 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%) 21890 2 m:tel (formerly MOBI'S)
GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ), MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , ViLTE , eSIM (postpaid only)
1.273 (Q2 2023) Telekom Srbija 21805 3 HT ERONET (formerly HTmobile)
GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ), MHz UMTS , HSPA+ , HSDPA , HSUPA , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , ViLTE , eSIM (postpaid only)
5G NR (in development)
0.834 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%) 21803
Bulgaria Bulgaria has 8 014 473 subscribers in total, or a 124.3% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2023. [25]
The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers [26] (in millions)
Coverage Ownership MCC / MNC 1 A1 (formerly Mtel , Mobiltel ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , eSIM MHz 5G NR 3.758 (Q2 2024) Link A1 Group 28401 2 Vivacom (formerly Vivatel ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , eSIM MHz 5G NR 3.354 (Q4 2023) Link United Group 28403 3 Yettel (formerly Telenor , Globul ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , ViLTE , eSIM MHz 5G NR 3.23 (Q4 2023) Link PPF 28405
Croatia Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (Q4 2019) [27]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Hrvatski Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET ) GSM -900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) 3G shutdown: end of 2024LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro , VoLTE , VoWiFi , eSIM (postpaid only) MHz - 5G NR 2.326 (Q3 2021) [13] Deutsche Telekom AG (51.7%) 21901 2 A1 (formerly vip ) GSM -900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro , VoLTE (postpaid only), eSIM (postpaid only) MHz - 5G NR 1.990 (Q3 2021) [12] A1 Group 21910 3 Telemach (formerly Tele2 ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A 700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only)
1.00 (Q3 2021) [29] United Group 21902
Cyprus Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus) (Q4 2022). [30]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC Mobile network operators in Cyprus (excludes Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) 1 Cytamobile 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , eSIM MHz 5G NR [31] 0.710 (Q4 2022) [30] [32] Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CYTA) (Government of Cyprus 100%) 28001 2 Epic (formerly MTN, Areeba ) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , eSIM MHz 5G NR 0.440 (Q4 2022) [30] [33] Monaco Telecom SAM 28010 3 PrimeTel formerly as MVNO on Epic) 900/2100 MHz UMTS , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , eSIM (RAN sharing with Epic & roaming on Epic or Cyta when needed) 0.150 (Q4 2022) [30] PrimeTel PLC (Signal Capital Partners 100%) 28020 4 Cablenet formerly Lemontel , as MVNO on Cyta) 800/2600 MHz LTE , LTE-A eSIM (RAN sharing & roaming with Cyta when needed) 0.093 (Q4 2022) [30] Cablenet Communications Systems PLC (GO Malta 63.4%) 28022 Mobile network operators operating only in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 1 Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE , LTE+ [34] 0.576 (Q2 2023) [35] Turkcell A.Ş. 28601 2 Telsim Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE , LTE+ [36] 0.382 (Q2 2023) [35] Vodafone Turkey A.Ş. 28602
Czech Republic The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019). [37]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 T-Mobile (formerly Paegas ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , ViLTE , VoWiFi , RCS MHz 5G NR 6.523 (Q4 2023) [13] Deutsche Telekom AG 23001 2 O2 (formerly Eurotel , Český Telecom ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , RCS MHz 5G NR 5.987 (Q2 2021) [38] PPF N.V. 23002 3 Vodafone (formerly Oskar ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , ViLTE , VoWiFi , RCS MHz 5G NR 4.221 (Q2 2025) [39] Vodafone Group plc 23003
Denmark Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate [40] (Q1 2014)
In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen , it's telecommunications regulator. [41] [42]
Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions: [43]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 TDC GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz [44] LTE VoLTE MHz - 5G NR 3.865 (Q4 2023) [45] Macquarie Group and Danish pension funds (PFA, PKA, ATP ) 23801 2 Telenor (formerly Sonofon ) 900/1800 GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telia) MHz - 5G NR
1.666 (Q2 2024) [46] Telenor 23802 3 Telia (rebranding as Norlys Mobil [47] ) 900/1800 GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telenor)
1.620 (Q4 2021)[ citation needed ] Norlys a.m.b.a. [48] 23820 4 3 900/2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE MHz - 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 1.524 (Q3 2022) [14] CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 23806
Estonia Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate [49] (December 2008).
Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate (population 48,652) [53] (2020).
Finland Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate [25] (December 2009).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Elisa (formerly Radiolinja ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE MHz - 5G NR 4.516 (Q2 2024) [51] Elisa 24405 2 Telia (formerly Telecom Finland , Sonera ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE MHz - 5G NR 3.071 (Q2 2024) [50] Telia Company 24420 ) 3 DNA GSM -900/1800 MHz (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz - 5G NR 2.788 (Q2 2024) [46] Telenor 24403 ) 4 Ålcom (formerly ÅMT / Ålands Mobiltelefon ) GSM -900 MHz (EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA MHz LTE , LTE-A Not yet available Mariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag 24414
France France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate (September 2015). [54]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Orange (formerly Orange-Itineris , Itineris ) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 21.746 (Q1 2024) [21] Orange S.A. 20801 2 SFR 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 19.967 (Q1 2024) [55] Altice (80.4%), free float (19.6%) [56] 20810 3 Bouygues Telecom 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 15.5 (Q1 2024) [57] Bouygues Group (90.53%) 20820 4 Free Mobile 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ (Roaming on Orange 2G/3G when needed, limited to 384 kbit/s download, 384 kbit/s upload) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 15.337 (Q2 2024) [58] Iliad S.A. 20815
Georgia As of March 2023, Georgia has 5,369,908 subscribers in total.
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission . [59] [60]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Magticom GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE Advanced , VoLTE 5G is on FDD 700MHz (N28) with a bandwidth of 20MHz (2x10MHz), FDD 2600MHz (N7) with a bandwidth of 60MHz (2x30MHz) and TDD 3500 MHz (N78) with a bandwidth of 100MHz. Magticom currently has the biggest 5G coverage in the country. [61]
2.240 (March 2023) [62] International Tellcell LLC 28202 2 Silknet (formerly Geocell ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ , CDMA2000 , EVDO Rev. A MHz TD-LTE , LTE Advanced , LTE Advanced Pro MHz LTE 5G –2100 MHz (Only in central Tbilisi from Freedom Square to Bagebi). Silknet has not participated in any of the 5G license auctions announced by the GNCC and has chosen to instead use its existing neutral license for 2100 MHz. Silknet currently remains the only MNO in Georgia without 5G-specific licenses and has the smallest 5G coverage.
1.791 (March 2023) [62] Silk Road Group 28201 3 Cellfie (formerly Beeline ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE Advanced , VoLTE , VoWifi coming soon 5G – Currently in skiing resorts Bakuriani and Gudauri, seaside resorts Batumi, Gonio, Kvariati, Shekvetili, Kobuleti, as well as some of Tbilisi's neighbourhoods, such as Didube and Didi Dighomi. There is also coverage in Zugdidi. 5G is on 10 MHz (2X5 MHz) frequency resource, within the Uplink 703 - 708 MHz and Downlink 758 - 763 MHz resources; 50 MHz frequency resource within the 3550-3600 MHz resource. Cellfie also owns licenses for 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz.
1.331 (March 2023) [62] CBS Group 28204
Germany Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate [25] (December 2011).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA) .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Telekom (formerly D1 DeTeMobil , T-Mobile ) 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML , RCS 65.192 (Q2 2024) [63] Deutsche Telekom AG 26201 2 O2 (formerly VIAG Interkom ) • Includes the previous E-Plus network. 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML , RCS 45.610 (Q2 2024) [63] Telefónica S.A. (96.8%), free float (3.2%) 26203 3 Vodafone (formerly D2 Mannesmann ) 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML , RCS 29.769 (Q2 2024) [63] Vodafone Group plc 26202 4 1&1 2600 MHz LTE MHz 5G NR (Roams on Vodafone where there is no 1&1 coverage) VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 2.288 (Q2 2024) [63] United Internet AG (78.32%), free float (18.26%), TGW Logistics Group (3.00%), others (0,42 %) 26223
Gibraltar Gibraltar , the British overseas territory, has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate [25] (December 2009).
Greece In 2022, Greece had 11.326 million subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate. [2] The regulatory authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT) .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 COSMOTE 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 7.373 (Q2 2023) [64] OTE A.E. (Deutsche Telekom AG 53.9%) 20201, 20202 2 Vodafone (formerly Panafon ) • Includes the previous CYTA Hellas network. 900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 4.325 (Q2 2025) [39] Vodafone Group (100%) 20205 (Vodafone), 20214 (CYTA Hellas) 3 NOVA (formerly TELESTET, TIM, WIND ) • Includes the previous Q-TELECOM network. 900/1800 GSM (EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 3.200(Q3 2023) [65] United Group B.V. 20209 (Q-TELECOM), 20210 (NOVA)
Guernsey The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate[ citation needed ]
Hungary Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total [66] (December 2017).
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Magyar Telekom (formerly Westel 900 , Westel , T-Mobile ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Yettel) MHz 5G NR
5.582 (Q3 2021) [13] Deutsche Telekom AG (61.39%), free float (40.79%) [67] 21630 2 Yettel (formerly Pannon GSM , Pannon , Telenor HU ) GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Magyar Telekom) MHz 5G NR
3.449 (Q2 2021) [38] PPF 21601 3 Vodafone • Includes the previous UPC Hungary and DIGI Mobile and Line 21 networks. GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR
3.003 (Q3 2023) [39] 4iG (70.5%) and Government of Hungary (29.5%) [68] 21670
* 900 MHz Hungarian 3G services have been suspended since July 2022.
Iceland Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate [25] (July 2019).
Ireland As the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.
If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate. [70]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Three • Includes the previous O2 network 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz LTE , LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML , eSIM 3.447 (Q2 2022) [14] (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022) CK Hutchison Holdings 27205 (Three), 27202 (O2 ) 2 Vodafone (formerly Eircell ) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC‑HSPA+ * MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz LTE , LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , RCS , AML , eSIM * shutdown beginning 02.2023
2.155 (Q2 2025) [39] Vodafone Group plc 27201 3 eir (formerly Meteor ) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz LTE , LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 1.498 (Q3 2024)(excluding MBB and M2M) (Q2 2024) Iliad (31.6%), NJJ (32.9%) [71] 27203
Isle of Man The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.
Italy As of March 2022, Italy has 106.5 million active lines in total, or a 174% penetration rate. [72] The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM .
In 2016 Wind and 3 Italy agreed to complete a merger that was approved by European and national authorities, and since March 2020 all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre .
A new operator, Iliad entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger. [73]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(Lines in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Wind Tre (formerly Wind and 3 Italy )
900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 18.817 (Q4 2022) [14] (Includes Very Mobile ) CK Hutchison Holdings 22288 and 22299 2 TIM (formerly SIP )
900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 18.438 (Q4 2022) [74] (Includes Kena Mobile ) Telecom Italia 22201 3 Vodafone (formerly Omnitel )
900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , AML 17.206 (Q3 2024) [39] (Includes ho-mobile ) Vodafone Group 22210 4 Iliad Roaming on Wind 2G MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A (RAN sharing on Wind 3G /4G where needed) MHz 5G NR AML , VoLTE 11.285 (Q2 2024) [58] Iliad Group 22250 5 FASTWEB Roaming on Wind Tre 2G /3G /4G /5G MHz 5G NR (FWA only) VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 3.087 (Q4 2022) [75] Swisscom 22208
Kosovo Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate [76] (June 2018). As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and are currently under deployment. [77]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in %) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Vala GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR
51.95% [78] (Q2 2018) Government of Kosovo 22101 2 Ipko GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR
36.07% [79] (Q2 2018) Telekom Slovenije 22102
Latvia Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate [25] (December 2009).
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate [25] (April 2015).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 FL1 [ de ] (formerly Mobilkom Liechtenstein AG) GSM -900/1800 MHz UMTS MHz LTE not available State-owned 29505 2 7acht (formerly Orange FL) GSM -900/1800 MHz UMTS MHz LTE not available Salt Mobile 29502 3 Swisscom FL GSM -900/1800 MHz UMTS MHz LTE VoLTE not available Swisscom 29501
The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, and customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.
Lithuania Lithuania has 4.49 million subscribers in total, or a 161% penetration rate (Q4 2023). [83]
Each of the three largest network operators have flanker brands – Pildyk (Tele2), Ežys (Telia) and Labas (Bite).
The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba (RRT).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Tele2 GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR
2.125 (Q3 2024) [52] Tele2 24603 2 Telia Lietuva (formerly Omnitel , Teo LT ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR
1.63 (Q1 2024) [50] Telia Company 24601 3 Bitė GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWIFI 2300 MHz TDD, 2600 MHz TDD - 5G NR
1.19 (Q1 2024) [80] Providence Equity Partners 24602
Luxembourg Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate [25] (December 2009).
Malta Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate [84] (June 2023).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Epic (formerly Telecell, Vodafone ) GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro MHz - 5G NR 0.278 [39] (June 2023) Monaco Telecom 27801 2 GO (formerly MALTACOM ) GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro MHz - 5G NR 0.251 [84] (June 2023) Tunisie Telecom (65.42%), public (34.58%) 27821 3 Melita 2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A Pro MHz - 5G NR 0.173 [84] (June 2023) EQT AB (pending sale to Goldman Sachs Alternatives [85] ) 27877
Moldova Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate [86] (2012).
The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Orange GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE 2.097 (Q3 2021) [21] Orange S.A. (94.3%) 25901 2 Moldcell GSM -900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE 1.4 (2020) [87] CG Corp Global [88] 25902 3 Moldtelecom 450 MHz CDMA2000 , EVDO Rev. A MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 0.459 (2020) [87] Moldtelecom 25903,25905,25999 4 Interdnestrcom operating in Transnistria region only 800 MHz CDMA2000 , EVDO Rev. A [89] MHz LTE [90] 0.291 (2012) [91] Sheriff 25906
Monaco Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate [25] (December 2009).
The French networks are also widely available in Monaco, but they do not disclose subscriber figures for Monaco.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Monaco Telecom 900 MHz GSM MHz UMTS MHz LTE MHz 5G NR 0.021 NJJ 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45% 21210
Montenegro Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate (October 2013). [92]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is Agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštansku djelatnost.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers [93] !! style="width:32%;"| Ownership MCC / MNC 1 m:tel GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE 37% (Dec 2023) 51% Telekom Srbija , 49% Telekom Srpske 29703 2 Crnogorski Telekom GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE MHz 5G NR 36% (Dec 2023) Hrvatski Telekom (76.53%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%) , free float (23.47%) 29702 3 One Montenegro GSM 900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE MHz 5G NR 27% (Dec 2023) 4iG [5] 29701
Netherlands The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate [94] (Q1 2023).
The regulatory authorities for telecommunication in the Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM: Autoriteit Consument & Markt) and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI: Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Odido (formerly T-Mobile, Ben )Tele2 and Orange (Dutchtone) networks. 900/2100* MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ ***Only active on sites without low-band antennas. [95] MHz LTE, LTE-A MHz TD-LTE VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML MHz 5G NR ***2G discontinued as of 1 June 2023, with the last sites deactivated on 30 December 2023 [96] [97] [98] ****detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website [99] 6.853 (Q2 2021) [100] WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V. (Warburg Pincus 50%, Apax Partners 50%) 20416 and 20402 2 KPN • Includes the previous Telfort (O2 Netherlands ) network. 900* MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) *2G to be discontinued as of 1 December 2025 [101] MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz TD-LTE VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML MHz 5G NR MHz CDMA ( Smart meters only ) **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website [102] 5.563 (Q3 2021) [103] Koninklijke KPN N.V. 20408 3 Vodafone (formerly Libertel ) 900/1800* MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE )*Only active on sites without low-band antennas. MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML MHz 5G NR **using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) [104] 5.580 (Q2 2025) [39] VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V. (Vodafone Group plc 50%, Liberty Global 50%) 20404
North Macedonia North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate (Q3 2012). [105]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEC.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Telekom (formerly T-Mobile , MOBIMAK ) GSM -900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , VoLTE , MHz 5G NR 1.211 (Q3 2021) [106] Magyar Telekom (51.00%) (Stone Bridge Communications ) 29401 2 A1 (formerly one , Vip , Cosmofon ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , VoLTE , MHz 5G NR 1.084 (Q2 2021) [12] A1 Group 29403
Poland Poland has 58.6 million subscribers in total (Q4 2020). [114]
The country's telecom regulator is UKE (Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Orange (formerly Idea ) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi (shares network with T-Mobile)
17.939 (Q2 2024) Orange S.A. (50.67%), free float (49.33%) 26003 2 Play E-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , ViLTE , VoWiFi (for supported iOS/Android devices) (Roaming 2G/3G/LTE on Orange Poland * network) 16.665 (Q2 2024) Iliad S.A. 26006 3 Plus (formerly Plus GSM ) GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE )UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 13.086 (Q2 2024) Grupa Polsat Plus 26001 4 T-Mobile (formerly Era ) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi (shares network with Orange)
12.640 (Q2 2024) Deutsche Telekom AG 26002
Portugal Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate (13.1 million active subscribers or 127.4% penetration rate) [115] (Q3 2017).
The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 NOS (formerly Optimus ) GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE MHz 5G NR 6.118 (Q3 2024) [116] NOS 26803 2 MEO (formerly TMN ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR 5.698 (Q2 2024) [117] Altice 26806 3 Vodafone (formerly Telecel ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz TD-LTE VoLTE MHz 5G NR 4.838 (Q2 2025) [39] Vodafone Group plc 26801 4 DIGI (New Network) 900/1800/2600/3500 (technologies to be confirmed) x.xxx (Q2 2024) [118] Digi Communications N.V. 26802
Romania Romania has 23.4 million active subscribers in total, or a 107% penetration rate (2023). [119] The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Orange (formerly Dialog ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ (3G phase out 2025 [120] ) MHz LTE-A , VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G 9.3 (Q2 2024) [21] Orange S.A. 22610 2 Vodafone (formerly Connex ) GSM -900 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE-A , VoLTE , ViLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G
6.3 (Q2 2025) [39] Vodafone Group plc 22601 3 Digi GSM -900 (no GPRS , no EDGE ) LTE-A , VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G
6.4 (Q3 2024) [118] Digi Communications N.V. 22605 4 Telekom (formerly Cosmorom, Cosmote ) GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE-A , VoLTE MHz 5G 3.6 (Q2 2024) [64] OTE (Deutsche Telekom AG 53.9%) 22603
Russia The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor (RKN) .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership Mobile country code 1 MTS GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , VoLTE (as Sotel , Kuban GSM , Sotel CCB ) MHz 5G NR 80.0 (Q1 2022) [10] Sistema (42.09%), MTS PJSC (7.94%), free float (49.97%) [121] 25001 2 MegaFon GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ (as North-West GSM , MegaFon Lite ) MHz LTE , LTE-A 74.2 (Q3 2021) [122] USM Holdings (50%), AF Telecom Holdings (50%) [123] 25002 3 Beeline GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ (as Extel ) MHz LTE , LTE-A 50.6 (Q3 2021) [124] local management team (de jure) 25099 4 t2 GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE CDMA2000 1x , 450 MHz MHz LTE (as FORA Communications , Aline , Akos , Stek , Skylink , Moi WC )CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A , 450 MHz MHz 46.6 (Q3 2021) [125] Rostelecom 25020
San Marino San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate [25] (December 2013).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Telecom Italia San Marino GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A Telecom Italia (0.0001%), Telecom Italia Sparkle (99.9999%) 22201 2 Telefonia Mobile Sammarinese GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A (Uses the TISM network) 0.019 [126] (February 2012) Telecom Italia San Marino (51%) 22201 3 Prima GSM -900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ San Marino Telecom (100%) 29201
Serbia Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the three-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate [127] (December 2013).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in %) [128] Ownership MCC / MNC 1 MTS 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz - UMTS (HSDPA , DC-HSPA+ ) MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro )VoLTE , ViLTE , RCS , eSIM 44% (Q4 2023) Telekom Srbija 22003 2 Yettel 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz - UMTS (HSDPA , DC-HSPA+ ) MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro )VoLTE , ViLTE , RCS , eSIM ) 32% (Q4 2023) PPF 22001 3 A1 900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz - UMTS (HSDPA , DC-HSPA+ ) MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro )VoLTE , ViLTE , RCS , eSIM , Multi-SIM ) 24% (Q4 2023) A1 Group 22005
Slovakia Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the three-month customer activity base [129] (October 2019).
The regulatory authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb (RÚ).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Orange (formerly Globtel, Slovtel ) 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro (Allows 4ka to access 900 and 2100 MHz) 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , RCS 2.384 (Q1 2024) [21] Orange S.A. 23101, 23105 2 O2 (formerly Telefónica, O2 Telefónica ) 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE )(Roaming on Telekom Slovakia (2G) when needed) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , RCS
2.372 (Q4 2023) [38] PPF 23106 3 Telekom (formerly Eurotel, T-Mobile ) 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro MHz TD-LTE MHz 5G NR (3600 MHz only in Bratislava) VoLTE , VoWiFi , RCS 2.219 (Q4 2023) [13] Deutsche Telekom AG 23102, 23104 4 4ka (SWAN) 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE )(Roaming on Orange Slovakia (2G, 4G (900, 2100 MHz) when out of native coverage) MHz LTE , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , ViLTE , VoWiFi , RCS MHz 5G NR 0.630 [130] [131] (Q2 2024) SWAN 23103
Slovenia Slovenia has 2,795,102 subscribers in total, or a 132% penetration rate [132] (Q2 2024).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Telekom Slovenije (formerly Mobitel ) GSM 900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz - 5G NR 1.000 (Q2 2024)Including Izimobil , Spar Mobil , Mega M , Novatel MOBIL , SoftNet mobil Telekom Slovenije 29341 2 A1 (formerly Si.mobil ) GSM 900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz - 5G NR 0.855 (Q2 2024)Including bob , Hotmobil , re:do A1 Group 29340 3 Telemach (formerly Tušmobil ) GSM 900/1800 (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz: UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE MHz - 5G NR 0.741 (Q2 2024) [29] United Group 29370 4 T-2 2100 MHz: UMTS , HSPA (Roaming on A1 (2G/LTE/5G, VoLTE) network when needed) MHz LTE MHz - 5G NR 0.200 (Q2 2024) Garnol(pending sale to Telemach ) 29364
Spain Spain has 59.528 million subscribers in total, or a 123.80% penetration rate (Apr 2024). [133]
The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia).
Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Movistar 900/1800 MHz GSM , GPRS , EDGE MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , ViLTE 16.034 [133] (Apr 2024) Telefónica 21407 2 Orange (formerly Amena ) 900/1800 MHz GSM , GPRS , EDGE MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 12.861 [133] (Apr 2024) MásOrange 21403 3 Vodafone (formerly Airtel ) 900/1800 MHz GSM , GPRS , EDGE MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi 12.741 [133] (Apr 2024) Zegona Communications 21401 4 Yoigo 1800 MHz GSM , GPRS , EDGE MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A (Roams on Orange and Movistar where there is no Yoigo coverage) MHz 5G NR VoLTE 12.641 [133] (Apr 2024) Grupo MásMóvil (MásOrange ) 21404
Sweden Headquarters of Swedish Post and Telecom Authority Sweden has 14.3 million subscribers in total, approximately 140% penetration rate (2020). [134] The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority .
There are four main network operators, and they share various 2G , 3G , 4G and 5G network infrastructure through co-ownership in separate network companies. Tele2 and Telenor share network infrastructure through their company Net4Mobility . [135] Telia and Tele2 share network infrastructure through UMTS Nät AB . [136] Tre and Telenor share network infrastructure through 3GIS. [137] [138]
Sweden also has a number of flanker brands and virtual operators , most notable are Halebop , Comviq , Fello , Hallon, Vimla, Mybeat, Tellusmobil and Chilimobil.
Some of world's largest producers of mobile network equipment have strong ties to Sweden. Ericsson [139] is based in Sweden while Nokia , Siemens , Huawei and ZTE have major research centers in the country, often clustered around Kista and Lund . [140] [141]
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Telia GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR
8.933 (Q2 2024) [50] Telia Company 24001 2 Telenor (formerly Vodafone ) GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR 2.963 (Q2 2024) [46] Telenor 24008 3 Tele2 GSM -900/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR
2.798 (Q3 2024) [52] Tele2 AB (Freya Investissement (Iliad /NJJ ) 19.90%) [142] 24007 4 Tre 900/2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA MHz FD -LTE , 2600 MHz TD-LTE , LTE-A 2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi
2.378 (Q3 2022) [14] CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 24002
Switzerland Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate [143] (December 2014).
The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Swisscom 900 MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ 1500 (FDD SDL)/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR
6.378 [75] Partially state-owned (50% plus one share), free float (49%) 22801 2 Sunrise (formerly diAx ) 900/2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE MHz 5G NR 2.590 (Q3 2021) [144] Free float (100%) 22802 3 Salt (formerly Orange CH) 900/2100 MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A VoLTE , VoWiFi MHz 5G NR 2.141 [145] (Q3 2014) NJJ [146] 22803
Turkey Turkey has 91.3 million subscribers in total, or a 107.1% penetration rate [147] (Q2 2023).
The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK : Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu).
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership 1 Turkcell GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ , 3C-HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , VoWiFi 5G (testing) 37.64 (Q2 2023) [147] Turkey Wealth Fund (26.2%), LetterOne (19.8%), free float (54%) 2 Vodafone Turkey (formerly Telsim ) GSM 900 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , VoWiFi 5G (testing) 25.424 (Q2 2023) [147] Vodafone Group plc 3 Türk Telekom (formerly Avea , Aria , Aycell ) GSM 900 (only in rural areas)/1800 MHz (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , VoWiFi 5G (testing) 25.61 (Q2 2023) [147] Türk Telekom (Turkey Wealth Fund (60%), Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey) (25%), free float (15%)) [148]
Ukraine Ukraine has 55.860 million subscribers in total, or a 129.8% penetration rate [149] (October 2018).
The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 Kyivstar * (Including previous Beeline Ukraine network)
900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 23.4 (Q2 2024) VEON (LetterOne (45.5%), The Stichting (7.9%), Lingotto Investment Management LLP (7.2%), Shah Capital Management Inc. (6.8%), free float 32.6%) 25503 2 Vodafone *(formerly MTS Ukraine , UMC) 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A 15.9 (Q2 2024) Bakcell 25501 3 lifecell *(formerly life: 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ , 3C-HSDPA MHz LTE , LTE-A , LTE-A Pro VoLTE , VoWi-Fi
9.8 (Q2 2024) DVL Telecom (NJJ 85%) 25506 4 Intertelecom 800 MHz CDMA2000 , CDMA2000 EV-DO rel.0, rev. A (Network in Odesa region only until 01.01.2025)
0.885 (Q4 2021) Odinaco Ltd (49%), Viktor Gushan (35.7%) 25504 5 TriMob * 2100 MHz UMTS , HSDPA , HSUPA , HSPA (Own 3G network in Kyiv city centre only.) (as Utel )
Free 2G/3G roaming on Vodafone network available.
0.078 (Q4 2021) as TriMob 0.054 (Q4 2021) as Lycamobile
Ukrtelecom 25507 6 PEOPLEnet 800 MHz CDMA2000 , CDMA2000 EV-DO (Network in Dnipropetrovsk region only until 01.01.2025) 0.036 (Q4 2021) Telesystemy Ukrainy 25521
* Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the national roaming among other operators is free and it includes voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speed up to 512 kbit/s. [150]
United Kingdom The United Kingdom has 92 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate (Q3 2018). [151]
The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom .
Rank Operator Technology Subscribers(in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC 1 O2 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz TD-LTE MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 23.5 (Q3 2024) [152] (Includes Giffgaff )
Virgin Media O2 (50% Telefonica , 50% Liberty Global )
23410 2 EE 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML , RCS 20.9 (Q3 2024) [153] (Includes BT Mobile )
BT Group 23430 and 23433 3 Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS , EDGE ) MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz TD-LTE MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 18.5 (Q3 2024) [39] (Includes VOXI )
Vodafone Group plc 23415 4 Three 2100 MHz UMTS , HSPA , HSPA+ , DC-HSPA+ MHz LTE , LTE-A MHz 5G NR VoLTE , VoWiFi , AML 10.9 (Q3 2024) [14] (Includes SMARTY )
CK Hutchison Holdings 23420
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Modern telecommunications in Thailand began in 1875 with the deployment of the first telegraph service. Historically, the development of telecommunication networks in Thailand were in the hands of the public sector. Government organisations were established to provide telegraph, telephone, radio, and television services, and other government agencies, especially the military, still control a large estate of radio and television spectra. Private telecommunication operators initially acquired concession agreements with state enterprises. For mobile phone services, all the concessions have been amended by successive government to last 25 years have gradually ended in 2015. For other services, the concession terms and conditions vary, ranging from one to fifteen years. Nearly all of the concessions are build-operate-transfer (BTO) contracts. The private investor has to build all the required facilities and transfer them to the state before they can operate or offer services to public.
3G is the third generation of cellular network technology, representing a significant advancement over 2G, particularly in terms of data transfer speeds and mobile internet capabilities. While 2G networks, including technologies such as GPRS and EDGE, supported limited data services, 3G introduced significantly higher-speed mobile internet, improved voice quality, and enhanced multimedia capabilities. Although 3G enabled faster data speeds compared to 2G, it provided moderate internet speeds suitable for general browsing and multimedia content, but not for high-definition or data-intensive applications. Based on the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 3G supports a range of services, including voice telephony, mobile internet access, video calls, video streaming, and mobile TV.
2G , or second-generation cellular network technology, marks the transition from analog to digital communication in mobile networks. Defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) under the GSM standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for mobile communications, 2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland. Following its introduction, the earlier mobile wireless network systems were retroactively designated as 1G. 2G networks were primarily designed to support voice calls and Short Message Service (SMS), with later advancements such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enabling basic data services, including email and limited internet access. Unlike 1G networks, which used analog radio signals, 2G networks utilized digital radio signals for communication between mobile devices and base stations. This transition to digital technology enabled the implementation of encryption for voice calls and data transmission, significantly improving the security of mobile communications while also increasing capacity and efficiency compared to earlier analog systems.
A mobile virtual network operator (MVNO ) is a wireless communications services provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers. An MVNO enters into a business agreement with a mobile network operator to obtain bulk access to network services at wholesale rates, then sets retail prices independently. An MVNO may use its own customer service, billing support systems, marketing, and sales personnel, or it could employ the services of a mobile virtual network enabler (MVNE).
Tele2 AB is a provider of mobile and fixed connectivity, telephony, data network services, TV, streaming and global Internet of things services, amongst others, to consumers and enterprises. It is headquartered in Kista Science City, Stockholm, Sweden. It is a major mobile network operator in Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The company initially founded Tele2 Russia, but later sold all its operations, later rebranding and changing the name to "t2".
Pak Telecommunication Mobile Limited , doing business as Ufone , is a Pakistani wireless network operator headquartered in Islamabad. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited. Following PTCL's privatization, Ufone became a part of Etisalat by e& in 2006.
Grameenphone , widely abbreviated as (d/b/a) GP , is a telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. As of December 2023, its subscribers span over 82.20 million. It is a joint venture between Telenor and Grameen Telecom. Where Telenor owns a 55.8% share of Grameenphone, Grameen Telecom owns 34.2% and the remaining 10% is publicly held. As of Nov 2024, Grammenphone is Bangladesh's most valuable company with a market cap of ৳440.2 billion BDT or $3.6 billion USD.
The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) (Urdu: مقتدرہِ ٹیلی مواصلات پاکستان
Telenor Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited is a Pakistani wireless network operator headquartered in Islamabad, Pakistan. Khurrum Ashfaque is the current chief executive officer (CEO).
Telenor Sverige , is a mobile phone, IPTV and Internet service provider in Sweden, owned by Telenor. Telenor Sverige's network covers 99 percent of the country's population, with telecom infrastructure sharing on 2G, 4G LTE and 5G NR under the Net4Mobility joint venture with Tele2, and on 3G UMTS with 3 Sverige outside Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Lund and Karlskrona, where it has its own 3G masts. Today, Telenor Sweden has over 2.5 million mobile subscribers, approximately 645,000 broadband customers and half a million TV customers. Telenor Sweden has a turnover of approximately SEK 13.1 billion (2015) and has approximately 1,900 employees.
Free Mobile S.A.S. is a French telecommunications company, subsidiary of Free S.A.S. that provides wireless Internet to consumers in France. It was the fourth mobile network operator to obtain a metropolitan French 3G license in 2009. It also obtained a 4G license in 2011.
One Albania sh.a is a telecommunications company that operates in Albania. It was founded as Albanian Mobile Communications and was part of the COSMOTE Group since 2000. In 2015, the company joined the Deutsche Telekom group after which it was rebranded as Telekom Albania .
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