List of neutrino experiments

Neutrino experiments are scientific studies investigating the properties of neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are very difficult to detect due to their weak interactions with matter. Neutrino experiments are essential for understanding the fundamental properties of matter and the universe's behaviour at the subatomic level. Here is a non-exhaustive list of neutrino experiments, neutrino detectors, and neutrino telescopes.

Abbreviation	Full name	Sensitivity [a]	Type	Induced reaction	Type of reaction [b]	Detector	Type of detector	Threshold energy	Location	Operation	Home page
ANNIE	Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment								SciBooNE Hall, Illinois, United States	future
ANTARES	Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss Environmental RESearch	ATM, CR, AGN, PUL	ν e, ν μ, ν τ			Seawater	Cherenkov		Mediterranean Sea, France	2006–
ARIANNA	Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array	S, CR, AGN, ?	ν e, ν μ, ν τ						Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica	future
BDUNT (NT-200+) Baikal-GVD	Baikal Deep Underwater Neutrino Telescope / Gigaton Volume Detector	S, ATM, LS, AGN, PUL	ν e, ν μ, ν τ		CC, NC	Water (H2O)	Cherenkov	≈10 GeV	Lake Baikal, Russia	1993–
BOREXINO	BORon EXperiment	LS	ν e	ν x + e− → ν x + e−	ES	LOS shielded by water	Scintillation	250–665 keV	Gran Sasso, Italy	May 2007–
BUST	Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope						Scintillation		Baksan River valley, Russia	1977–
CCM	Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills	AC	ν e		CC	Liquid Argon	Scintillation	50 keV	Los Alamos Neutron Science Center	2019-
CHANDLER	Carbon Hydrogen AntiNeutrino Detector with a Lithium Enhanced Raghavan-optical-lattice	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	WLS Plastic Scintillating Cubes and Lithium-6-loaded Zinc Sulfide Sheets	Scintillation	1.8 MeV	North Anna, Virginia, US	June 2017-
CLEAN	Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon	LS, SN, WIMP	ν e	ν x + e− → ν x + e− ν e + 20 Ne → ν e + 20 Ne	ES ES	Liquid Ne (10  t)	Scintillation		SNOLAB Ontario, Canada	future
COBRA	Cadmium zinc telluride 0-neutrino double-Beta Research Apparatus			64 Zn + e− → 64 Ni + e+ 70 Zn → 70 Ge + e− + e− 106 Cd → 106 Pd + e+ + e+ 108 Cd + e− + e− → 108 Pd 114 Cd → 114 Sn + e− + e− 116 Cd → 116 Sn + e− + e− 120 Te + e− → 120 Sn + e+ 128 Te → 128 Xe + e− + e− 130 Te → 130 Xe + e− + e−	BB	Cadmium zinc telluride			Gran Sasso, Italy	2007–
COHERENT	COHERENT	AC	ν μ, ν μ, ν e	ν + nucleus → ν + nucleus	NC	CsI[Na], NaI[Tl], HPGe, LAr	Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS)	few keV nuclear recoil energy	Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory	Nov 2016-
Daya Bay	Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	Gd-doped LAB (LOS)	Scintillation	1.8 MeV	Daya Bay, China	2011–2020
Double Chooz	Double Chooz Reactor Neutrino Experiment	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	Gd-doped LOS	Scintillation	1.8 MeV	Chooz, France	2011–2017
DUNE	Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment	AC, ATM, (S), SN	all		NC, CC, (ES)	Liquid argon	Scintillation & Time projection chamber	around 10 MeV	Sanford Underground Research Facility	construction start 2017
ENUBET	Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon Tagging	AC	ν e, ν μ ν e, ν μ	ν e + n → e− + p (+π, +X) ν μ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X) ν e + p → e+ + n (+π, +X) ν μ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)	CC (NC)					future
ESSnuSB	The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam	AC	ν μ, ν μ(Background: ν e, ν e)			Water	Water Cherenkov MEMPHYS detector	0.36 GeV	Garpenberg, Lund, Sweden	future by 2023	[1] [2]
FASER	ForwArd Search ExpeRiment	C	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν + N → ℓ + X	CC + NC	Tungsten	Emulsion	>10 GeV	Large Hadron Collider	2022-
EXO-200	Enriched Xenon Observatory			134 Xe → 134 Ba + e− + e− 136 Xe → 136 Ba + e− + e−	BB	Liquid Xenon			WIPP, New Mexico	2009–
GALLEX	GALLium EXperiment	LS	ν e	ν e + 71 Ga → 71 Ge + e−	CC	GaCl3 (30  t )	Radiochemical	233.2 keV	Gran Sasso, Italy	1991–1997
GERDA	The GERmanium Detector Array	BB	ν e	76 Ge → 76 As + e− + e−	BB	HPGe	Semiconductor		Gran Sasso, Italy
GRAND	Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection	AGN, CR, ?	ν τ	ν τ + N → τ− + X	CC	Electromagnetic waves caused by τ− through extensive air showers in the atmosphere.	Radio	1017 eV	China	Proposed
HALO	Helium And Lead Observatory	SN	ν e, ν x	ν e + 208 Pb → e− + 209 Bi * ν + 208 Pb → ν + 208 Pb *	CC, NC	Lead (79  t ) and 3He	High-Z	≈10 MeV	Creighton Mine, Ontario	2012–
HERON	Helium Roton Observation of Neutrinos	LS	ν e (mainly)	ν e + e− → ν e + e−	NC	Superfluid He	Rotational excitation	1 MeV		future
HOMESTAKE–CHLORINE	Homestake chlorine experiment	S	ν e	37 Cl + ν e → 37 Ar * + e− 37 Ar * → 37 Cl + e+ + ν e	CC	C2Cl4 (615  t )	Radiochemical	814 keV	Homestake Mine, South Dakota	1967–1998
HOMESTAKE–IODINE	Homestake iodine experiment	S	ν e	ν + e− → ν + e− ν e + 127 I → 127 Xe + e−	ES CC	NaI in water	Radiochemical	789 keV	Homestake Mine, South Dakota	future
Hyper-Kamiokande	Hyper-Kamiokande	S, ATM, SN, AC	ν e, ν μ ν e, ν μ	ν e + e− → ν e + e− ν e + n → e− + p (+π, +X) ν μ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X) ν e + p → e+ + n (+π, +X) ν μ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)	ES, CC, (NC)	water	Cherenkov	200 MeV	Tokai and Kamioka, Japan	2027- (under construction)
ICARUS	Imaging Cosmic And Rare Underground Signal	S, ATM, GSN	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν + e− → ν + e−	ES	Liquid Ar	Cherenkov	5.9 MeV	Gran Sasso, Italy	2010–
IceCube	IceCube Neutrino Detector	ATM, CR, AGN, ?	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν + N → ν + Cascade , ν + N → Charged lepton + Cascade	CC, NC	Water ice (1 km3)	Cherenkov	≈10 GeV	South Pole, Antarctica	2006–
India-based Neutrino Observatory	Iron Calorimeter Detector @ India-based Neutrino Observatory	ATM	ν μ	ν μ+Fe→ μ− +X	CC (dominant), NC	Magnetised iron (50 kton)	RPC active detector elements	≈0.6 GeV	Theni, Tamil Nadu, India	2012– (lab construction); 2018– (detector operation)
JUNO	Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	LAB (LOS) + PPO + Bis-MSB	Scintillation		Kaiping, China	2014– (construction)
Kamiokande	Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment	S, ATM	ν e	ν + e− → ν + e−	ES	Water (H2O)	Cherenkov	7.5 MeV	Kamioka, Japan	1986–1995
KamLAND	Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	LOS	Scintillation	1.8 MeV	Kamioka, Japan	2002–
KM3NeT	KM3 Neutrino Telescope	S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL	ν μ, ν e, ν τ			Sea water (≈5 km3)	Cherenkov		Mediterranean Sea	2014–
LAGUNA	Large Apparatus studying Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics									future
LENS	Low Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy	LS	ν e	ν e + 115 In → 115 Sn + ν e + 2 γ	CC	In-doped LOS	Scintillation	120 keV		proposed
Majorana Demonstrator	The Majorana Demonstrator	BB	ν e	76 Ge → 76 As + e− + e−	BB	HPGe	Semiconductor	2039 keV	Homestake Mine, South Dakota	construction start 2012
MicroBooNE		AC, SN	ν e, ν μ		ES, NC, CC	Liquid Argon	TPC	few MeV	Illinois, United States	2014-
MINERvA	Main Injector ExpeRiment for v-A	AC	ν μ	many	CC, NC	Solid scintillator, targets of Liquid helium, Carbon, Water, Iron, Lead	Scintillation	≈0.5 GeV	Illinois, United States	2009–2019
MiniBooNE	Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment	AC	ν e, ν μ	ν e + 12 C → e− + X	CC	Mineral oil (1000 t)	Cherenkov	≈100 keV	Illinois, United States	2002–
MINOS	Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search	AC, ATM	ν e, ν μ	ν μ+nucleus → μ− +X	CC, NC	Solid scintillator	Scintillation	≈0.5 GeV	Illinois and Minnesota, United States	2005–2012
MINOS+	Upgraded electronics for MINOS	AC, ATM	ν e, ν μ,	ν μ+nucleus → μ− +X	CC, NC	Solid scintillator	Scintillation	≈0.5 GeV	Illinois and Minnesota, United States	2013–
MOON	Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos	LS, LSN	ν e	ν e + 100 Mo → 100 Tc + e−	CC	100 Mo (1  kt ) +  MoF6  (gas)	Scintillation	168 keV	Washington, United States
NEMO-3	Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory	BB	ν e	100 Mo → 100 Ru + 2 e− 100 Se → 100 Kr + 2 e−	BB	Tracker + calorimeter	He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators	150 keV	Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France	2003–2011
NEMO Telescope	NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory								Mediterranean Sea, Italy	2007–
NEVOD	Cherenkov water detector NEVOD	ATM, CR	ν μ	ν μ + n → μ− + p ν μ + p → μ+ + n	CC	Water (H2O)	Cherenkov	≈2 GeV	Moscow, Russia	1993–
NEXT	Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time Projection Chamber	BB		136 Xe → 136 Ba + 2 e−	BB	Gaseous Xenon	Time projection chamber	≈10 keV	Canfranc, Spain	2016–
NOνA	NuMI Off-Axis νe Appearance	AC	ν e, ν μ	ν e+nucleus → e− +X	CC	Liquid scintillator	Scintillation	≈0.1 GeV	Illinois and Minnesota, United States	2011–
OPERA	Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus	AC	ν τ	ν τ+nucleus → τ− +X	CC	Lead/Emulsion	Nuclear Emulsion	≈1.0 GeV	LNGS (Italy) and CERN	2008–
Auger	Pierre Auger Observatory	CR					Cherenkov		Argentina
RENO	Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	Gd-doped LOS	Scintillation	1.8 MeV	South Korea	2011–
RNO-G	Radio Neutrino Observatory Greenland	CR, AGN, ?	ν e, ν μ, ν τ		CC, NC	In-Ice	Radio	>10 PeV	Summit Camp, Greenland	2021–
SAGE	Soviet–American Gallium Experiment	LS	ν e	ν e + 71 Ga → 71 Ge + e−	CC	Ga (metallic)	Radiochemical	233.2 keV	Baksan River valley, Russia	1989–
SciBooNE	SciBar (Scintillator Bar) Booster Neutrino Experiment	AC	ν μ	ν μ + 12 C → μ− + X	CC, NC	Plastic (CH,10 ton)	Scintillation	≈100 keV	Illinois, United States	2007–2008
SNO	Sudbury Neutrino Observatory	S, ATM, GSN	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν e + 2 D → 2 p + e− ν x + 2 D → ν x + n + p ν e + e− → ν e + e−	CC NC ES	Heavy water (1  kt D2O)	Cherenkov	3.5 MeV	Creighton Mine, Ontario	1999–2006
SNO+	SNO with liquid scintillator	S,LS,R,T, SN,LSN	ν e	ν x + e− → ν x + e− ν e + p → e+ + n	ES, BB	linear alkylbenzene (LAB) + PPO	Scintillation	≈≤1MeV	Creighton Mine, Ontario	2014–
SoLid	Short baseline Oscillation Search with Lithium-6 Detector	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	plastic and anorganic scintillator	Scintillation	≈2 MeV	Mol, Belgium	2015-
STEREO	STErile neutrino REactor Oscillation experiment	R	ν e	ν e + p → e+ + n	CC	liquid organic scintillator loaded with Gd	Scintillation	≈2 MeV	Grenoble, France	2013–
Super-K	Super-Kamiokande	S, ATM, GSN	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν e + e− → ν e + e− ν e + n → e− + p ν e + p → e+ + n	ES CC CC	Water (H2O)	Cherenkov	200 MeV	Kamioka, Japan	1996–
SuperNEMO	SuperNEMO	BB	ν e	100 Se → 100 Kr + 2 e− 150 Nd → 150 Sm + 2 e−	BB	Tracker + calorimeter	He+Ar wire chamber, plastic scintillators	150 keV	Modane Underground Laboratory, Fréjus Road Tunnel, France	2017–
TRIDENT	TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope	S, ATM, CR, SN, AGN, PUL	ν e, ν μ, ν τ		CC, NC	Seawater (7.5 cubic km)	Cherenkov		Western Pacific Ocean	Proposed Pilot: 2026 Full operation: 2030
T2K	Tokai to Kamioka	AC	ν e, ν μ ν e, ν μ	ν e + n → e− + p (+π, +X) ν μ + n → μ− + p (+π, +X) ν e + p → e+ + n (+π, +X) ν μ + p → μ+ + n (+π, +X)	CC (NC)	Water (H2O)	Cherenkov	200 MeV	Tokai, Japan Kamioka, Japan	2011–
UNO	Underground Nucleon decay and neutrino Observatory	S, ATM, GSN, RSN	ν e, ν μ, ν τ	ν e + e− → ν e + e−	ES	Water (440  kt  H2O)	Cherenkov		Henderson Mine, Colorado	abandoned

^[a] Accelerator neutrino (AC), Active galactic nuclei neutrino (AGN), Atmospheric neutrino (ATM), Collider neutrino (C), Cosmic ray neutrino (CR), Low-energy solar neutrino (LS), Low-energy supernova neutrino (LSN), Pulsar neutrino (PUL), Reactor neutrino (R), Solar neutrino (S), Supernova neutrino (SN), Terrestrial neutrino (T).
^[b] Double beta decay (BB), Charged current (CC), Elastic scattering (ES), Neutral current (NC).

See also

• Aspera European Astroparticle network

References

1. Wildner, E.; Baussan, E.; Blennow, M.; Bogomilov, M.; Burgman, A.; Bouquerel, E.; Carlile, C.; Cederkäll, J.; Christiansen, P.; Cupial, P.; Danared, H. (2016). "The Opportunity Offered by the ESSnuSB Project to Exploit the Larger Leptonic CP Violation Signal at the Second Oscillation Maximum and the Requirements of This Project on the ESS Accelerator Complex". Advances in High Energy Physics. 2016: 1–16. arXiv: 1510.00493 . doi: 10.1155/2016/8640493 . ISSN   1687-7357.
2. Dracos, Marcos (September 2018). "The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1067: 042001. arXiv: 1803.10948 . doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1067/4/042001. ISSN   1742-6588. S2CID   4938289.

External links

• "Experiments". Neutrino Unbound. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. 24 February 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-28. Regularly updated index of neutrino physics research.