List of predecessors of sovereign states in South America

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This is a list of all present sovereign states in South America and their predecessors. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama, however, the whole of Panama is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was colonized by the Europeans: First by the Spaniards, and the Portuguese; and later by the Dutch, the French, and the English. Most of the present-day nations gained independence in the early 19th century, all of Latin America except for two Spanish colonies in North America gained independence between 1808 and 1826. [1] Today, South America consists of twelve sovereign states with common government system being some form of presidential republic.

Sovereign statePredecessors
Argentina Quilmes Civilisation (850–1667)

Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1810) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
Flag of Argentina (civil).svg United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831)
Flag of the Argentine Confederation.svg Argentine Confederation (1831–1861)
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentine Republic (1861–present)

Bolivia Wankarani culture (c.1500 BC – c.400 AD)
Tiwanaku Empire (c.600 – c.1000)
Aymara kingdoms (c.1150 – c.1477)
Flag of New Spain.svg Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1810) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1810–1825) (viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire)
Civil flag of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg State of Upper Peru (1825)
Civil flag of Bolivia (1825-1826).svg Republic of Bolívar (1825)
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Republic of Bolivia (1825–2009)
Flag of Bolivia.svg  Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009–present)
Brazil Marajoara Culture (400–1300?)

Kuhikugu Civilization (500–1600?)

Flag Princes of Brazil.svg Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) (colony of Portugal)
Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822)
Flag of Empire of Brazil (1870-1889).svg Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
Flag of Brazil.svg Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1937)
Flag of Brazil.svg United States of Brazil (1937–1967)
Flag of Brazil.svg  Federative Republic of Brazil (1967–present)

Chile Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Captaincy General of Chile (1542–1818)
Flag of Chile.svg  Republic of Chile (1818–present)

Easter Island
Kingdom of Rapa Nui (400?–1902)

Colombia Herrera Period (1500 BC–800)
Quimbaya (500 BC–1600)
San Agustín (400 BC–1600)
Tumaco-La Tolita ( 350 BC–400)
Calima (200 BC–1600)
Zenú (200 BC–1600)
Tairona (100 BC–1600)
Capulí (800–1600)
Bandera de la confederacion muisca.png Muisca Confederation (800–1540)
Flag of New Spain.svg Province of Tierra Firme (1498–1542)
Flag of New Spain.svg
Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg State of New Granada (1831–1832)
Flag of New Granada.svg Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)
Flag of New Granada.svg Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
Flag of Colombia.svg United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
Flag of Colombia.svg  Republic of Colombia (1886–present)
Ecuador Cañari (6th century – 1533)

Flag of New Spain.svg Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1822)
Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg Gran Colombia (1822–1830)
Flag of Ecuador (1830-1835).svg State of Ecuador (1830–1835)
Flag of Ecuador.svg  Republic of Ecuador (1835–present)

Guyana Flag of the Netherlands.svg Colony of Essequibo (1616–1815), Flag of the Netherlands.svg Berbice (1627–1815) and Flag of the Netherlands.svg Colony of Demerara (1745–1815) (all Dutch colonies)
Flag of British Guiana (1919-1955).svg British Guiana (1814–1966)
Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana (1966–1970)
Flag of Guyana.svg  Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1970–present)
Panama Flag of New Spain.svg Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542)
Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1776) (viceroyalty of the Crown of Castile)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg Gran Colombia (1819–1831)
Flag of New Granada (1830-1834).svg State of New Granada (1831-1832)
Flag of New Granada.svg Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)
Flag of New Granada.svg Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)
Flag of Colombia.svg United States of Colombia (1863–1886)
Flag of Colombia.svg Republic of Colombia (1886–1903)
Flag of Panama.svg  Republic of Panama (1903–present)
Paraguay Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Republic of Paraguay (1814–present)
Peru Caral–Supe civilization (c.3500 – c.1800 BC)

Casma–Sechin Civilisation (c.3500 – c.200 BC) Jisk'a Iru Muqu (c.3400 – c.1600 BC) Kotosh Civilisation (c.1800 – c.900 BC) Chiripa culture (c.1400 – c.100 BC) Pucará (c.1400 BC – c.400 AD) Chachapoya (c.900 – c.1470 AD) Chavín culture (c.900 – c.250 BC) Paracas culture (c.800 – c.100 BC) Nazca culture (c.100 BC – c.800 AD) Lima culture (c.100 – c.650 AD) Moche culture (c.100 – c.700 AD) Tiwanaku Empire (c.600 – c.1000 AD) Wari Empire (6th century – 11th century) Kingdom of Chimor (c.900 – c.1470) Chincha culture (c.900 – c.1480) Ichma Kingdom (c.1100 – c.1469) Kingdom of Cusco (c.1197 – c.1438)

Inca Empire (1438–1533)

Flag of New Spain.svg Governorate of New Castile (1528–1542) and Flag of New Spain.svg Governorate of New Toledo (1528–1542) (both Spanish colonies)
Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
Flag of Peru.svg  Republic of Peru (1824–present)

Suriname Flag of the Netherlands.svg Colony of Surinam (1630–1954)
Flag of Dutch Guyana.svg Country of Suriname (1954–1975) (constituent country of the Netherlands)
Flag of Suriname.svg  Republic of Suriname (1975–present)
Trinidad and Tobago Bandera de Costas.svg Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1797)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British West Indies (1797–1962)
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976) ( commonwealth realm )
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (1976–present)

Uruguay Flag of Argentina (civil).svg United Provinces of the River Plate (1810–1816)
Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1816–1822)
Flag of Empire of Brazil (1870-1889).svg Empire of Brazil (1822–1828)
Flag of Uruguay (1828-1830).svg Eastern State of Uruguay (1828–1918)
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Eastern Republic of Uruguay (1818–present)
Venezuela Flag of New Spain.svg Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1717)
Bandera de Costas.svg Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1777)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1821)
Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)
Flag of the First Republic of Venezuela.svg Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814)
Bandera de la Guerra a Muerte.svg Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819)
Bandera de la Tercera Republica de Venezuela, 1817-1819.svg Gran Colombia (1821–1830)
Flag of Venezuela (1830-1836).svg State of Venezuela (1830–1857)
Flag of Venezuela (1836-1859).svg Republic of Venezuela (1858–1864)
Flag of Venezuela (1863-1905).svg United States of Venezuela (1864–1953)
Flag of Venezuela (1954-2006).png Republic of Venezuela (1953–1999)
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999–present)

References

  1. "The independence of Latin America". Britannica. Retrieved 29 April 2023.

See also