List of predecessors of sovereign states in Africa

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This is a list of all present sovereign states in Africa [1] and their predecessors. The region of Africa is generally defined geographically to include the subregions of African continent, Madagascar island, Mauritius Island and several minor islands, and their respective sovereign states. Africa was originally colonised by Europeans with Southern Africa primarily by the British, and the West Africa and North Africa primarily by the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Today, Africa consists of 54 sovereign states of various government types, the most common consisting of parliamentary systems.

Sovereign statePredecessors
Algeria Part of the Carthaginian Empire (814–202 BC)

Massylii (4th century)
Part of the Kingdom of Mauretania (capital city in Volubilis, located in modern day Morocco)(3rd century BC – 25 BC)
Kingdom of Numidia (202–40 BC)
Center of the Kingdom of Mauretania (capital city in Cherchell, located in modern day Algeria)(25 BC-42 AD)
Mauretania Caesariensis (40 BC-395 AD) (province of the Roman Empire)
Mauretania Caesariensis (395–435) (province of the Western Roman Empire)
Center of the Vandal Kingdom (435–439)
Kingdom of Ouarsenis (430–735)
Part of the Vandal Kingdom (439–534)
Mauro-Roman Kingdom (477-578)
Kingdom of the Aurès (484–703)
Kingdom of Altava (578-708)
Part of the Exarchate of Africa (590–698) (a division of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (750–778)
Emirate of Tlemcen (757–790)
Rustamid Imamate (778–909)
Part of the Aghlabid Emirate (800–909)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (909–973)
Center of the Zirid Emirate (973–1014)
Part of the Zirid Emirate (1014–1148)
Hammadid Sultanate (1014–1152)
Part of the Flag of Morocco (1147-1269).svg Almohad Caliphate (1152–1235)
Flag of the kingdom of tlemcen.svg Zayyanid Sultanate of Tlemcen (1235–1554)
Touggourt Coat of Arms (French Algeria).svg Sultanate of Tuggurt (1414–1871)
Drapeau Royaume Ait Abbas (Beni Abbes).svg Sultanate of Beni Abbas (1510–1872)
Sultanate of Kuku (1515–1638)
Flag of Ottoman Algiers.svg Eyalet of Aljazayer (1515–1830) (Eyalet (State) of the Ottoman Empire)
Flag of France.svg Colony of Algeria (1830–1848) (part of the French Empire)
Flag of the Emirate of Mascara.svg Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)
( Flag of France.svg French Algeria (1848–1962) (part of the French Empire, being an integral region of the metropole)

Variant flag of the GPRA (1962).svg Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (1958–1962)
Flag of Algeria.svg  People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (1962–present)

Angola The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era by the San people
Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kongo (1390–1940)
Kasanze Kingdom (1500–1648
Flag of the Mbunda Kingdom.svg Mbunda Kingdom (1500–1917)
Kingdom of Ndongo (1515–1909)
Kingdom of Oukwanyama (1600–1927)
Kasanje Kingdom (1620–1912)
Kingdom of Matamba(1631–1744).
Kingdom of Bailundo (1700–present)
Kingdom of Viye (1700–present)
Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Flag of Portugal.svg State of West Africa (1575–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1972) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg State of Angola (1972–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Angola.svg People's Republic of Angola (1975–1992)
Flag of Angola.svg  Republic of Angola (1992–present)
Benin Kingdom of Ardra (12th/13th century–1724)
Kingdom of Whydah (1580–1727)
Flag of Ghezo of Dahomey.svg Kingdom of Dahomey (c.1600–1894)
Flag of France.svg Kingdom of Dahomey (French Protectorate) (1894–1904)
Flag of France.svg Colony of Dahomey and Dependencies (1904–1958) (part of the French West Africa, federation of colonies within of the French Empire)
Flag of Benin.svg Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 4 December 1958, full independent state on 1 August 1960)
Flag of Benin (1975-1990).svg People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990)
Flag of Benin.svg  Republic of Benin (1990–present)
Botswana The territory of Botswana has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era. The original inhabitants of southern Africa were the tribal San and Khoi peoples.
Tribal Bantu-speaking peoples first moved into the country from the north (c.600 AD)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Bechuanaland Protectorate (1885–1966) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Botswana.svg  Republic of Botswana (1966–present)
Burkina Faso Bura culture (3rd–13th century)

Burkina Faso was divided in several Mossi Kingdoms (11th century-1896)
Kingdom of Gwiriko (1714–1897)
Flag of France.svg part of the French West Africa, a federation of colonies of the French Empire (1896–1919)
Flag of France.svg French Upper Volta (1919–1958) (part of the French West Africa)
Flag of Upper Volta.svg Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 11 December 1958, full independent state on 5 August 1960)
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso (1984–present)

Burundi Kingdom of Burundi (17th century–1890)
Kingdom of Burundi, Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg part of German East Africa (1891–1916) (part of the German Empire)
Kingdom of Burundi under military occupation of the Belgian Empire (1916–1922)
Kingdom of Burundi, Flag of Belgium.svg part of the Mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (1922–1946) (a League of Nations Mandate territory administered by Belgium)
Kingdom of Burundi, Flag of Belgium.svg part of the Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi (1946–1962) (a United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium)
Flag of Burundi (1962-1966).svg Kingdom of Burundi (independent state) (1962–1966)
Flag of Burundi.svg  Republic of Burundi (1966–present)
Cameroon The territory of Cameroon has been inhabited since the Neolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups, tribes, fondoms and kingdoms (such as the kingdoms of Kotoko, Mandara and Bamum)
Flag of Deutsch-Kamerun.svg German Kamerun (1884–1916) (part of the German Empire)
Flag of France.svg French Cameroun (1918–1960) (a League of Nations Mandate and later a United Nations Trust Territory administered by France)
British Cameroon Flag.svg British Cameroons (1922–1961) (a League of Nations Mandate and later a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom)
Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972)
Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984)
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Republic of Cameroon (1984–present)
Cabo Verde Before the discovery by the Portuguese, the archipelago was uninhabited
PortugueseFlag1385.svg Flag of Portugal (1578).svg Portuguese Cape Verde, every island had its own captain (governor) (1462–1587) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1578).svg Flag of Portugal.svg Portuguese Cape Verde, unified colony (1587–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg Overseas Province of Cape Verde (1951–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Cape Verde (1975-1992).svg Flag of Cape Verde.svg Republic of Cape Verde (1975–2013)
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Republic of Cabo Verde (2013–present)
Central African Republic Dar al Kuti (1836–1912)
Flag of France.svg Ubangi-Shari (1903–1958) (part of the French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic (1958–1976) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 1 December 1958, full independent state on 13 August 1960)
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Empire (1976–1979)
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic (resumed) (1979–present)
Chad The territory of Chad has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era
Sao civilisation (600 BC–700 AD)

Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg Bornu flag.tif Kanem-Bornu Kingdom (c.700–1900)
Sultanate of Bagirmi (1480/1522-1897)
Wadai Sultanate (1501–1912)
Flag of France.svg French Chad (1900–1960) (part of French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Flag of Chad.svg  Republic of Chad (1958–present) (self-governing colony within the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 11 August 1960)

Comoros The archipelago was first inhabited circa 1000 BC. The Comoros have been inhabited by various groups throughout this time.
Flag of France.svg Territory of the Comoros, part of the French Empire (1886–1912)
Flag of France.svg Part of French Madagascar and Comoros, part of the French Empire (1912–1946)
Flag of France.svg Separated administered as Territory of Comoros (1946–1975) (self-governing colony of the French Empire in 1961)
Flag of the Comoros (1963-1975).svg Flag of the Comoros (1975-1978).svg State of Comoros, full independent state (1975–1978)
Flag of the Comoros (1978-1992).svg Flag of the Comoros (1992-1996).svg Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros (1978–2001)
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Union of the Comoros (2001–present) (federal state formed by three islands)
Congo, Republic of Since 80,000 BC humans has been settled from with tribes, chiefdoms, confederations and kingdoms.
Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914)
Kakongo (15th ceuntry–1885)
Flag of the Kingdom of Loango.svg Kingdom of Loango (c. 1550–c. 1883)
Flag of France.svg French Congo (1882–1960) (part of French Equatorial Africa within the French Empire since 1910)
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo (1958–1969) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 15 September 1959, full independent state on 15 August 1960)
Flag of the People's Republic of Congo.svg People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992)
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo (resumed) (1992–present)
Congo, Democratic Republic of Mpemba Kasi merging with Mbata Kingdom to form the

Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1877)
Kingdom of Ngoyo (15th century–1885)
Kingdom of Luba (1585–1889)
Kingdom of Lunda (c. 1600–1887)
Anziku Kingdom (c. 1620–1880)
Kuba Kingdom (1625–1884)
Kingdom of Chokwe (1800–1891)
Kingdom of Yeke (1856–1891)
Flag of the Congo Free State.svg Congo Free State, state in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium (it was a sovereign entity, a private domain of King Leopold II of Belgium)(1877–1908)
Flag of the Congo Free State.svg Belgian Congo (1908–1960) (part of the Belgian Empire)
Flag of Congo-Leopoldville (1960-1963).svg Republic of the Congo (1960–1964)
Flag of Congo-Leopoldville (1963-1966).svg Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)
Flag of Zaire (1971-1997).svg Republic of Zaire (1971–1997)
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003-2006).svg Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–present) (resumed)

Côte d'Ivoire Possibly since the Upper Paleolithic humans have been settled before 1460.
Divided in many states like the Kong Empire (1710–1898) and the Kingdom of Sanwi (1740–1843) and having parts of states like Gyaaman (c. 1450–1895) and the Ashanti Empire (1670/1701–1821)
Kabadougou Kingdom (1848–1980)
Flag of France.svg French Ivory Coast (1893–1958) (part of French West Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Republic of Ivory Coast(1958–1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 4 December 1959, full independent state on 7 August 1960)
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Republic of Ivory Coast, full independent state (1960–1986)
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (1986–present)
Djibouti The Djibouti area has been inhabited since the Neolithic.
Part of the Sultanate of Ifat (1285–1415)
Principality of Dawaro
Part of the Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Sultanate of Adal (1415–1577)
Part of the Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Egypt Eyalet, part of the Ottoman Empire (1577–1862)
Ruled by Afar and Somali sultans (1862–1883)
Flag of France.svg French Somaliland (1883–1967) (part of the French Empire: a French Colony [1896–1946], later a French Overseas Territory [1946–1967])
Flag of France.svg French Territory of the Afars and the Issas (1967–1977) (French Overseas Territory)
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Republic of Djibouti (1977–present)
Egypt 1st–2nd Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Early Dynastic Period (Unified by Pharaoh Menes or probably Narmer, founder of the First Dynasty between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt). (3150–2575 BC)

3rd–7th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2575–2150 BC)
8th–10th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the First Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (2181–2055 BC)
11th and 12th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, reunified as the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2055–1650 BC)
13th–17th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (1650–1550 BC)
18th–20th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, reunified as a New Kingdom of Egypt (1550–1069 BC)
21st–24th Dynasties of Ancient Egypt, the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt: divided in many states (1069–747 BC)
25th Dynasty of Egypt, also known as the Nubian Dynasty, Part of the Kingdom of Kush, (747 BC–656 BC)
26th Dynasty of Late Period of Ancient Egypt, reunified the country (664–525 BC)
First Egyptian Satrapy, part of the Standard of Cyrus the Great (Achaemenid Empire).svg Achaemenid Empire as the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC)
28th–30th Dynasties of Late Period of Ancient Egypt (404–343 BC)
Second Egyptian Satrapy, part of the Standard of Cyrus the Great (Achaemenid Empire).svg Achaemenid Empire as the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC)
Part of the Macedonian Empire (Argead dynasty) (332–323 BC)
Ptolemaic Kingdom (332–30 BC)
Province of Egypt (30 BC-324 AD) (part of the Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (324–641) (part of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Province of Egypt (619–629) (part of the Derafsh Kaviani flag of the late Sassanid Empire.svg Sasanian Empire)
Part of the Rashidun Caliphate (641–661)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Part of the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (750–868)
Tulunid Emirate of Egypt, the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt since the Ptolemaic dynasty (868–905)
Part of the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (868–935)
Ikhshidid State of Egypt, Syria and Hejaz, autonomous state within the Abbasid Caliphate (935–969)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (969–973)
Center of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate, second independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (973–1171)
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt, after the death of Saladin), third independent dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Ages (1171–1174)
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Part of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1174–1218)
Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg Center of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt (1218–1250)
Mameluke Flag.svg Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt (two independent dynasties: Baḥrī and Burjī dynasties) (1250–1517)
Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Eyalet of Egypt, Eyalet (State) of the Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire (1517–1867) (the Muhammad Ali dynasty became the hereditary governors [Wali] of the eyalet in 1805)
Occupied by the Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg First French Empire (1798–1801)
Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Khedivate of Egypt, a de jure Ottoman autonomous viceroyalty (the viceroys [khedives] was from the Muhammad Ali dynasty)(Occupied by the Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  British Empire from 1882 to 1922)(1867–1914)
Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Sultanate of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty), part of the Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  British Empire (British protectorate) (1914–1922)
Flag of Egypt (1922-1958).svg Kingdom of Egypt (Muhammad Ali dynasty) (1922–1953)
Flag of Egypt (1952-1958).svg Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)
Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg  United Arab Republic (In union with Flag of Syria (1932-1958; 1961-1963).svg  Syria ) (1958–1971)
Flag of Egypt.svg Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present)

Equatorial Guinea The first inhabitants of the region that is now Equatorial Guinea are believed to have been Pygmies, of whom only isolated pockets remain in northern Río Muni. Bantu peoples arrived in the region between the 17th and 19th centuries.
The Annobón population, originally from Angola, were brought by the Portuguese via São Tomé.
Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Part of the Portuguese Empire (1474–1778)
Flag of Spain (1945 - 1977).svg Spanish Guinea (1778–1968) (part of the Spanish Empire)
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Republic of Equatorial Guinea (1968–present)
Eritrea Part of Dʿmt (c. 980 BC–c. 400 BC )
Part of the Kingdom of Aksum (c. 100 AD – c. 940 AD )
Sultanate of Dahlak (Late 11th century–1557)
Medri Bahri kingdom (1137–1889)
Part of the Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire (1555–1879)
Part of the Ethiopian Empire (1879–1889)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Colony of Eritrea (1890–1936) (part of the Italian Empire)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (part of the Italian Empire)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Occupation of Eritrea (1941–1952)
Flag of Eritrea (1952-1961).svg Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962)
Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987).svg Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).svg Part of Ethiopia (1962–1993)
Flag of Eritrea.svg  State of Eritrea (1993–present)
Eswatini (Swaziland) Flag of Swaziland.svg Kingdom of Swaziland (1740s–1906)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Protectorate of Swaziland (1906–1968) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Kingdom of Swaziland (1968–2018)
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Kingdom of Eswatini (2018–present)
Ethiopia Kingdom of D'mt (c. 980 BC-c. 400 BC)
  Kingdom of Aksum (c. 80 BC–c. 940 AD)
Kingdom of Semien (c.325-1627)
Harla Kingdom (501–1500)
Sultanate of Shewa (896–1286)
Kingdom of Damot (900–1317)
  Zagwe dynasty (900–1270)
Sultanate of Bale (13th century–1320's)
Hadiya Sultanate (13th–19th century)
Part of the Sultanate of Ifat (1285–1415)
Kingdom of Kaffa (1390–1897)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)
Ennarea royal flag.png Ennarea (14th century–1710)
Imamate of Aussa (1577–1672)
Emirate of Harar (1647–1887)
Red flag.svg Sultanate of Aussa (1734–1936)
Ethiopian Pennants.svg Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg Ethiopian Empire (1137–1936; 1941–1974) (also known as Abyssinian Empire before World War II)
Kingdom of Gumma (1770–1902)
Kingdom of Gomma (1780–1886)
Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932)
Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1891)
Kingdom of Gera (1835–1887)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (Part of the Italian Empire)
Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987).svg Socialist Ethiopia, officially the Provisional Military Government of Ethiopia (1974–1987)
Flag of Ethiopia (1987-1991).svg People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Flag of Ethiopia (1991-1996).svg Transitional Government of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995–present) (a federal state formed by 10 regional states and 2 chartered cities)
Gabon The earliest inhabitants of the area were Pygmy peoples. They were largely replaced and absorbed by tribal Bantu peoples as they migrated
Kingdom of Orungu (1700–1927)
Part of the Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1958).svg French Empire as a protectorate (1839–1910)
Flag of France.svg French Gabon (1910–1958) (part of French Equatorial Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Gabonese Republic (1958–1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 17 August 1960)
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabonese Republic , full independent state (1960–present)
Gambia Kingdom of Kombo (1271–1875)

Part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1287–1480)
Flag of The Gambia (1889-1965).svg Gambia Colony and Protectorate (1821–1965) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Gambia.svg The Gambia, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1965–1970)
Flag of The Gambia.svg Republic of The Gambia (1970–1982)
Flag of The Gambia.svg Republic of The Gambia, in union with Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal in the Senegambia Confederation (1982–1989)
Flag of The Gambia.svg Republic of The Gambia (1989–2015)
Flag of The Gambia.svg Islamic Republic of The Gambia (2015–2017)
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Republic of The Gambia (2017–present) (resumed)

Ghana From the 13th century, Akans emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan states of Ghana, mainly based on gold trading. [2] These states included Bonoman, Kingdom of Ashanti, Denkyira, Mankessim Kingdom, Fante Confederacy and Akwamu.
Kingdom of Dagbon (1250–1888)
Mankessim Kingdom (1252–1844)

Kingdom of Wala (1317–1894)
PortugueseFlag1248.svg Flag of Portugal (1640).svg Portuguese Gold Coast (1482–1642) (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of the Dutch West India Company.svg Dutch Gold Coast (1598–1872) (Part of the Dutch Empire)
Flag of Denmark.svg Danish Gold Coast (1658–1850) (Part of the Danish Empire)
Flag of Sweden (1562-1650).svg Swedish Gold Coast (1650–1663) (Part of the Swedish Empire)
Flag of Ashanti.svg Ashanti Empire (1670–1821)
Branderberger/Prussian Gold Coast (1682–1721) (colony of Brandenburg-Prussia, later Prussia)
Flag of the Gold Coast (1877-1957).svg British Gold Coast (1821–1957) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Ghana.svg Dominion of Ghana, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1957–1960)
Flag of Ghana (1964-1966).svg Flag of Ghana.svg  Republic of Ghana (1960–present)

Guinea Center of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1230–1559) (capital city in Niani, Guinea)
Part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1559–1610) (capital city moved to Kangaba, Mali)
Flag of the Imamate of Futa Djallon (pre-1896).svg Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1896)
Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg Wassoulou Kingdom (1878–1898)
Flag of France.svg French Guinea (1894–1958) (in 1904 became a part of the French West Africa, a federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Flag of Guinea.svg Republic of Guinea (1958–1979)
Flag of Guinea.svg People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea (1979–1984)
Flag of Guinea.svg  Republic of Guinea (1984–present) (resumed)
Guinea-Bissau Part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1251–1537)
Kaabu Kingdom (1537–1867)
Flag of Portugal (1578).svg Flag of Portugal (1830).svg Portuguese Guinea (1474–1879), dependency of Portuguese Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1830).svg Flag of Portugal.svg Portuguese Guinea, colony separated from Cape Verde (Part of the Portuguese Empire )
Flag of Portugal.svg Overseas Province of Guinea (1951–1972) (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg State of Guinea (1972–1974) (Part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Republic of Guinea-Bissau (1972–present)
Kenya What is now Kenya has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period.
As Bantu city-states settled on the coast, several nomadic tribes inhabited the rest of what is today Kenya.
c.1st century AD: The Kenyan coast had served host to communities of ironworkers and communities of Bantu subsistence farmers, hunters, and fishers who supported the economy with agriculture, fishing, metal production, and trade with foreign countries. These communities formed the earliest city-states (like Mombasa and Malindi) in the region which were collectively known as Azania. [3]
Part of the Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513)
Part of the Flag of Portugal (1495).svg Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Empire (1505–1698)
Part of the Flag of The Imamate of Oman.svg Flag of Muscat.svg Omani Empire (1698–1856)
Part of the Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1895)
Flag of Kenya (1921-1963).svg East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Kenya (1921-1963).svg Colony and Protectorate of Kenya (1920–1963) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya, a monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1963–1964)
Flag of Kenya.svg  Republic of Kenya (1964–present)
Lesotho Kingdom of Lesotho (1822–1884)
Unofficial Basutoland Ensign.svg Basutoland (1884–1966) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Lesotho (1966).svg Flag of Lesotho (1987-2006).svg Flag of Lesotho.svg  Kingdom of Lesotho (resumed) (1966–present)
Liberia Flag of the United States.svg Colony of Liberia (1821–1847)
Flag of Liberia.svg  Republic of Liberia (1847–present)
Libya Archaeological evidence indicates that the coastal plain was inhabited by Neolithic peoples (ancestors to the Bebers) from as early as 8000 BCE.
Phoenicians and Ancient Greeks arrived in the country in the 7th century BC and established colonies and cities. The Phoenicians are fixed in Tripolitania, and the Greeks, in Cyrenaica. Fezzan was home to a Beber people known as Garamantes
Divided between the Achaemenid Empire (Satrapy of Libya; Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Monarchy, later the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (525 BC–331 BC)
Divided between the Empire of Alexander the Great (Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (331 BC–323 BC)
Divided between the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) and the Carthaginian Republic (Tripolitania) (323 BC–201 BC)
Part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) (201 BC–107 BC)
Part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) (201 BC–107 BC)
Divided between the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt (Cyrenaica) and the Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg Roman Republic (Tripolitania) (107 BC–95 BC)
Africa proconsularis (Tripolitania) and Crete and Cyrenaica (later divided in Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicaa), provinces of the Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg Roman Republic (later the Roman Empire) (97 BC – AD 395)
Divided between the Eastern Roman Empire (Provinces of Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicca) and the Western Roman Empire (Province of Tripolitania) (395–439)
Divided between the Eastern Roman Empire (Provinces of Libya Pentapolis and Libya sicca) and the Vandal Kingdom (Tripolitania) (439–533)
Part of the Exarchate of Africa (553–648) (Part of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Part of the Rashidun Caliphate (648–656)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (663–683)
Divided between the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Eastern Roman Empire (Tripolitania) (683–694)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (694–750)
Part of the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (750–800)
Divided between the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (800–868)
Divided between the Tulunid Emirate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (868–906)
Divided between the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Aghlabid Emirate (Tripolitania) (906–909)
Divided between the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (909–969)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (969–945)
Divided between the Abbasid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (Tripolitania) (945–961)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (961–973)

Divided between the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (Cyrenaica) and the Zirid Emirate (Tripolitania)(973–1051)
Inhabited by Arabic and Berber tribes (1051–1148)
Part of the Kingdom of Africa (Tripolitania) (1148–1159)
Part of the Flag of Morocco (1147-1269).svg Almohad Caliphate (Tripolitania) (1159–1184)
Inhabited by Arabic and Berber tribes (1184–1404)
Fezzan, part of the Kanem Bornu Kingdom (c.1400s-c.1600s)
Part of the Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg Sultanate of Tunis (Tripolitania) (1404–1551)
Maritime flag of Regency of Tripoli (18th century).svg Eyalet of Tripolitania (1551–1864) (Eyalet (State) of the Ottoman Empire)
Maritime flag of Regency of Tripoli (18th century).svg Vilayet of Tripolitania (1864–1912) (Vilayet (Province) of the Ottoman Empire)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Italian Libya (1911–1943) (Part of the Italian Empire)
Flag of the Tripolitanian Republic (Fictional).svg Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Military Administration of Libya (1942–1951) (Part of the Allied administration of Libya)
Flag of France.svg French Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames (1943–1951) (Part of the Allied administration of Libya)
Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951)
Flag of Libya.svg Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969) (called United Kingdom of Libya until 1963)
Flag of Libya (1969-1972).svg Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011) (before 1986 without the word "Great" in the full name of the country)
Flag of Libya.svg  State of Libya (Sometimes refer to as Libya) (2011–present)

Madagascar Human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Indianized Austronesian peoples, arriving on outrigger canoes from Indonesia.
Around the 9th century AD Bantu migrants crossed the Mozambique Channel from East Africa.
By the Middle Ages, over a dozen predominant ethnic identities had emerged on the island, typified by rule under a local chieftain. Among some communities, such as the Sakalava, Merina and Betsimisaraka, leaders seized the opportunity to unite these disparate communities and establish true kingdoms under their rule.
The island of Madagascar was divided in many states, one of this states was the Merina Kingdom flag.svg Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1840), Guingemaro and Flag of the Boina Kingdom.svg Boina Kingdom (1690–1840)
Most of the island was unified by the Merina Kingdom flag.svg Kingdom of Imerina (1840–1882)
Flag of the Madagascar Protectorate (1885-1896).svg Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897) (Part of the French Empire)
Flag of France.svg Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958) (Part of the French Empire)
Flag of Madagascar.svg Malagasy Republic (1958–1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 14 October 1958, full independent state on 26 June 1960)
Flag of Madagascar.svg Malagasy Republic (1960–1975)
Flag of Madagascar.svg Democratic Republic of Madagascar (1975–1992)
Flag of Madagascar.svg Third Republic of Madagascar (1992–2010)
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Republic of Madagascar (2010–present)
Malawi The part of Africa now known as Malawi was settled by migrating Bantu groups around the 10th century.
Kingdom of Maravi (1480–1891)
Flag of British Central Africa Protectorate.svg British Central Africa Protectorate (1893–1907) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Nyasaland (1919-1925).svg Nyasaland Protectorate (1907–1953; 1963–1964) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1964), a federation of colonial possessions of the British Empire
Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1964–1966)
Flag of Malawi (2010-2012).svg Flag of Malawi.svg  Republic of Malawi (1966–present)
Mali Djenné-Djenno (250 BC–900 AD)

  Ghana Empire, properly known as Wagadou (c. 300–c. 1200s)
Gao Kingdom (c.800s-1430)
Sosso Empire (c.1200-1235)
Part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (c.1240–1559) (capital city in Niani, Guinea)
Center of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1559–1610) (capital city moved to Kangaba, Mali)
  Songhai Empire (c. 1464–1591)
  Kénédougou Kingdom (c. 1600–1880)
Bamana Kingdom (also known as Ségou Kingdom) (1712–1862)
Kingdom of Kaarta (1754–1904)
Caliphate of Hamdullahi (1818–1862)
Tidjaniya Caliphate (1848–1893)
Part of the Flag of the Wassoulou Empire.svg Wassoulou Kingdom (1878–1898)
Flag of France.svg French Sudan (1880–1958) (part of French West Africa, a federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire; 1902–1904 referred as Senegambia and Niger ; 1904–1921 referred as Upper Senegal and Niger )
Flag of French Sudan (1958-1959).svg Sudanese Republic (1958–1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire from 24 November 1958 until 20 June 1960)
Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg Federated state of the Mali Federation (1960) (United together with Senegal from June to August 1960)
Flag of Mali.svg  Republic of Mali (1960–present)

Mauritania Inhabited by various Berber tribes
Part of the Ghana Empire (c.300–1076)
Part of the Almoravid Emirate (1076–1086)
Part of the Ghana Empire (1086- c.early 1200s)
Southern regions are part of the Mali Empire (c.early 1200s-early 1500s)
Southern regions are part of the Songhai Empire (early 1500s-early 1600s)
Inhabited by various Berber and Arabic tribes (1600s–1903)
Emirate of Trarza, a small emirate in the southwestern of modern-day Mauritania (1640–1902)
Flag of France.svg Colony of Mauritania, part of the French West Africa (a federation of French colonial territories), part of the French Empire (1903–1958)
Republic of Mauritania (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 28 November 1958, full independent state on 28 November 1960) (1958–1960)
Flag of Mauritania (1959-2017).svg Flag of Mauritania.svg  Islamic Republic of Mauritania (1960–present)
Mauritius Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg Dutch Mauritius (1638–1710)
Royal Standard of the King of France.svg Isle de France (Part of the French Empire) (1715–1810)
Flag of Mauritius (1923-1968).svg British Mauritius (Part of the British Empire) (1810–1968)
Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius, monarchic state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1968–1992)
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Republic of Mauritius (1992–present)
Morocco The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Phoenician colonization of the Moroccan coast between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE,[3] although the area was inhabited by indigenous Berbers for some two thousand years before that.
In the 5th century BCE, the city-state of Carthage extended its hegemony over the coastal areas. They remained there until the late 3rd century BCE, while the hinterland was ruled by indigenous monarchs.
Center of the Kingdom of Mauretania (capital city in Volubilis, located in modern day Morocco) (c.300 BCE-25 BCE)
Part of the Kingdom of Mauretania (capital city in Cherchell, located in modern day Algeria) (25 BCE-42 BCE)
Mauretania Tingitana, province of the Roman Empire (42–395)
Mauretania Tingitana, province of the Eastern Roman Empire (395-c.700)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (c.700–744)
Barghawata Confederacy (744–1058)
Emirate of Sigilmasa (757–976)
Emirate of Nekor (710–1019)
Idrisid Emirate of Morocco (788–974)
Sulaymanid dynasty (814–922)
Flag of Morocco (780 1070) (1258 1659).svg Almoravid Emirate of Morocco (1040–1147)
Flag of Morocco 1147 1269.svg Almohad Caliphate (1121–1269)
Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Marinid Sultanate of Morocco (1244–1465)
Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Wattasid Sultanate of Morocco (1472–1554)
Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg Saadi Sultanate of Morocco (1549–1659)
Flag of Morocco 1666 1915.svg Alaouite Sultanate of Morocco (1666–1912)
Merchant flag of French Morocco.svg French protectorate in Morocco (1912–1955) (part of the French Empire)
Merchant flag of Spanish Morocco.svg Spanish protectorate in Morocco (1912–1956) (part of the Spanish Empire)
Flag of International Tangier.svg Tangier International Zone (1924–1956)
Flag of Morocco.svg  Kingdom of Morocco (1956–present)
Mozambique What is now Mozambique has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period.
From the late first millennium AD, vast Indian Ocean trade networks extended as far south into Mozambique as evidenced by the ancient port town of Chibuene
Bantu city-states in the coast participated in the incipient Swahili culture. In what is now Mozambique, the city-states of Sofala, Angoche, and Mozambique Island were regional powers by the 15th century. The interior of the country continued to be inhabited by tribal peoples (except by some areas conquered by the Kingdom of Mutapa)
Flag of Portugal (1495).svg Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Captaincy of Sofala (1505–1725) (Dependency of the Portuguese State of India, part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Captaincy of Mozambique and Sofala (1569–1752) (Dependency of the Portuguese State of India, part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Flag of Portugal (1830).svg Captaincy-General of Mozambique, Sofala and Rivers of Sena (1752–1836) (Independent of the governor of the Portuguese State of India, part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1830).svg Province of Mozambique (1836–1891) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1830).svg State of Eastern Africa (1891–1893) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1830).svg Flag of Portugal.svg Province of Mozambique (1893–1926) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg Colony of Mozambique (1926–1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg Province of Mozambique (1951–1972) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg State of Mozambique (1973–1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Mozambique (1975-1983).svg People's Republic of Mozambique (1975–1990)
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Republic of Mozambique (1990–present)
Namibia Namibia has been inhabited since early times by the San, Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion.
Flag of Deutsch-Sudwest.svg German South West Africa (1884–1915) (part of the German Empire)
Red Ensign of South Africa (1912-1928).svg Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg South West Africa (1915–1990) (a League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa, known as Namibia by the UN since 1968)
Flag of Namibia.svg  Republic of Namibia (1990–present)
Niger Regions around the Lake Chad was part of the Kanem flag from dulcerta 1339-pt.svg Bornu flag.tif Kingdom of Bornu (c.1000–1902)
Western regions of what is today modern Niger were part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (1288–1340)
Western regions of what is today modern Niger were part of the Songhai Empire (1340–1591)
Southern regions of what is today Niger were part of several Hausa Kingdoms (c.1400s–c.1800s) (The capital cities of these kingdoms was located in modern Nigeria)
Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1500; 1591–1900)
Dendi Kingdom (rump state that succeeded the Songhai Empire) (1591–1901)
Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1902)
Dosso Kingdom (c.1750–1902)
Emirate of Say (1825–1860)
Zabarma Emirate (1860–1897)
Flag of France.svg Senegambia and Niger (1902–1904) (part of the French West Africa, federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Flag of France.svg Upper Senegal and Niger (1904–1921) (within French West Africa)
Flag of France.svg Colony of Niger (1922–1960) (within French West Africa)
Flag of Niger.svg Republic of Niger (self-governing colony of the French Empire on 18 December 1958, full independent state on 3 August 1960) (1958–1960)
Flag of Niger.svg  Republic of Niger (1960–present)
Nigeria The Nok Culture appeared in Nigeria around 1500 BC and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 AD, having lasted approximately 1,000 years.
Kingdom of Nri (948–1911)
Kingdom of Benin (1180–1897)
Ife Empire (1200–1420)
Oron nation (1200–1909)
Oyo Empire (c. 1300s–1896)
Northeastern regions of what today is Nigeria was part of the Bornu flag.tif Kingdom of Bornu (1380–1893)
Northern regions of what is today Nigeria were part of several Hausa Kingdoms (c.1400s–c.1800s) (These kingdoms are predecessor states to some federated states of modern Nigeria
Ijebu Kingdom (c. 1400–present)
Kingdom of Warri (1480–1848)
Kwararafa (c.1500s–1840)
Igala Kingdom (c.1550-1900)
Kalabari Kingdom
Ibom Kingdom (1630–1902)
Nembe Kingdom
Akwa Akpa (c.1650–1884)
Flag of Nupe.svg Bida Emirate (1731–1897)
Wukari Federation (c. 1840–c. 1900)
Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)
Kano flag.svg Kano Emirate (1807–1903)
Flag of the Sokoto Caliphate.svg Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
Flag of the Niger Coast Protectorate (1893-1899).svg Niger Coast Protectorate (1884–1900) (originally established as the Oil Rivers Protectorate 1884–1893, part of the British Empire)
Flag of Lagos Colony (1888-1906).svg Lagos Colony (1862–1906) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate (1900-1914).svg Northern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900-1914).svg Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Nigeria (1914-1952).svg Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria (1914–1960) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Nigeria.svg Federation of Nigeria (1960–1963), a federal monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Federal Republic of Nigeria (1963–present) (a federal state formed by 36 states and 1 federal capital city)
Rwanda Kingdom of Rwanda (c.1400s–1891) (In the 19th century conquered and unified the other kingdoms of the region)

Bukunzi
Kingdom of Rwanda, part of the Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa (1891–1919) (part of the German Empire)
Kingdom of Rwanda, part of the Flag of Belgium.svg Mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (1922–1962) (a League of Nations Mandate territory administered by Belgium)
Kingdom of Rwanda, part of the Flag of Belgium.svg Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi (1946–1962) (a United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium)
Flag of Rwanda (1959-1961).svg Kingdom of Rwanda (1962) (independent state)
Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg Flag of Rwanda.svg  Republic of Rwanda (1962–present)

São Tomé and Príncipe Before the discovery by the Portuguese, the archipelago was uninhabited
PortugueseFlag1485.svg Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, every island had its own governor (1470–1752) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Flag of Portugal.svg Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe, unified colony (1752-1951) (part of the Portuguese Empire)
Flag of Portugal.svg Overseas Province of São Tomé and Príncipe (1951-1975) (part of the Portuguese Empire
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–present)
Senegal Kingdom of Takrur (c. 800 – c. 1285)
Part of the Flag of the Mali Empire.svg Mali Empire (c.1285-1350)
Jolof Empire (1350-1549)
Kingdom of Waalo (1287-1855)
Kingdom of Sine (c.1300s-1959)
Kingdom of Saloum (1494-1969)
Empire of Great Fulo, also known as Denanke Kingdom (1490-1776)
Jolof Kingdom (1549-1875)
Kingdom of Cayor (1579-1879)
Kingdom of Baoul (1555-1874)
Khasso (17th–19th century)
Imamate of Futa Toro (1776–1861)
Flag of the Dutch West India Company.svg Senegambia (1617-1678) (part of the Dutch Empire)
Flag of France.svg French Senegal (1659–1895) (part of the French Empire)
Fuladu (1865–1903)
Flag of France.svg French Senegal (1895-1958) (part of the French West Africa, a federation of colonial possessions of the French Empire)
Flag of Senegal (1958-1959).svg Flag of Senegal.svg Republic of Senegal (1958–1960) (self-governing colony of the French Empire from 25 November 1958 until 4 April 1960)
Federated state of the Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg Mali Federation (1960) (United together with Mali from June to August 1960)
Flag of Senegal.svg Republic of Senegal (1960-1982)
Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal, in union with Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia in the Senegambia Confederation (1982–1989)
Flag of Senegal.svg  Republic of Senegal (1960–present)
Seychelles Before the discovery by the Portuguese in the 15th century, the archipelago was uninhabited
Royal Standard of France (early 17th-century-1789, 1814-1830).svg Isle of Seychelles (1770-1810) (part of the French Empire)
Flag of Seychelles (1903-1961).svg Flag of Seychelles (1961-1976).svg Colony of Seychelles (1903–1976) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Seychelles (1976-1977).svg Flag of the Seychelles (1977-1996).svg Flag of Seychelles.svg  Republic of Seychelles (1976–present)
Sierra Leone Kingdom of Koya, also known as Koya Temne and Temne Kingdom (1505-1896)
Flag of Sierra Leone (1889-1914).svg Flag of Sierra Leone 1916-1961.gif Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate (1808–1961) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone (1961–1971), a monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Republic of Sierra Leone (1971–present)
Somalia Land of Punt (legendary, mentioned by Ancient Egyptian sources)
Macrobian Kingdom (legendary, mentioned by the Ancient Greek historian Herodotus
City-states were established on the coast of what is now Somalia. Examples are Mosylon, Opone, Malao, Sarapion, Mundus and Essina (c.100 AD-500 AD)
Tunni Sultanate (800s-1200s)
  Sultanate of Mogadishu (c. 900- 1500s)
Muzzaffar (Mogadishu area) flag according to 1576 Portuguese map.svg Ajuran Sultanate (c. 1200- 1600s)
 Warsangali Sultanate (1218–1886)
  Ifat Sultanate (1285–1415)
Flag of Adal Sultanate.svg Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)
  Geledi Sultanate (1600s −1910)
Hiraab Imamate (1600s-1800s)
Isaaq Flag.svg Isaaq Sultanate (1749–1884)
Habr Yunis Sultanate (1769–1907)
Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Majerteen Sultanate (c.1800 – 1924)
Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Sultanate of Hobyo (1884–1925)

Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Italian Somaliland (1889–1936) (part of the Italian Empire)
Dervish flag.svg Dervish state (1889–1920)
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg Part of Italian East Africa (1936–1941) (part of the Italian Empire)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Military Administration (Somaliland) (1941–1949)
Flag of Italy.svg Trust Territory of Somaliland (1950–1960) (a United Nations Trust Territory administered by Italy)
Flag of British Somaliland (1950-1952).svg British Somaliland (1884–1940; 1941–1960) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Somalia.svg State of Somaliland (1960)
Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Republic (1960–1969)
Flag of Somalia.svg Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991)
Flag of Somalia.svg Republic of Somalia (1991–2012) (no central government existed, notable regimes included Interim Government of Somalia 1991–1997, Transitional National Government of Somalia 2000–2004, Transitional Federal Government of Somalia 2004–2012)
Flag of Somalia.svg  Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) (a federal state formed by 5 federal states members)

South Africa Before the Bantu expansion, Khoisan peoples were the first inhabitants of Southern Africa.
Various Bantu peoples migrated and settled in the territory of the future South Africa (300 AD-500 AD)
Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c.1075-c.1220)
Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg Dutch Cape Colony (1652–1806) (part of the Dutch Empire)
Mthethwa Paramountcy (c.1780-1817) (independent state)
Flag of the Cape Colony 1876-1910.svg Cape Colony (1806–1910) (part of the British Empire)
Conjectural flag of Zululand (1884-1897) by Roberto Breschi taken from The South African Flag Book by A.P.Burgers.png Zulu Kingdom (1816-1897) (independent state)
Flag of Natalia Republic.svg Natalia Republic (1839-1843) (independent state)
Flag of the Natal Colony 1875-1910.svg Colony of Natal (1843–1910) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Transvaal.svg South African Republic (1852–1877; 1881–1902; 1914–1915) (independent state)
Flag of the Transvaal Colony 1904-1910.svg Transvaal Colony (1877–1881; 1902–1910) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Orange Free State.svg Orange Free State (1854–1902) (independent state)
Flag of the Republic of Goshen.svg State of Goshen (1882-1883) (independent state)
Flag of Stellaland.svg Republic of Stellaland (later United States of Stellaland; 1882–1885) (independent state)
Flag of Orange River Colony.svg Orange River Colony (1902–1910) (part of the British Empire)
Red Ensign of South Africa (1912-1951).svg Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg Union of South Africa (1910–1931), a Dominion within the British Empire
Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg Union of South Africa (1931-1961), a monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom
Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg Flag of South Africa.svg  Republic of South Africa (1961–present)
South Sudan The territory of South Sudan has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era, hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups, tribes and the Flag of the Shilluk.svg Shilluk Kingdom (c.1400s-1861), a small kingdom located in the north of the country
Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg Part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956)
Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg Part of Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
Flag of Sudan.svg Part of Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
Flag of Sudan.svg Part of Republic of the Sudan (resumed) (1985–2011)
Flag of South Sudan.svg  Republic of South Sudan (2011–present) (a federal state formed by 10 States, 2 administrative areas and 1 area with special administrative status)
Sudan Kingdom of Kerma (c. 2500 BCE–c. 1500 BCE)
Part of the New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1500 BCE-c. 1070 BCE)
Kingdom of Kush (c. 1070 BC – c. 350 AD)
Blemmyes (c. 600 BC - c. 800 AD)
The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).png Kingdom of Makuria (c.400s-1600s)
Kingdom of Nobatia (c.400s-c.700s)
Kingdom of Alodia (c.700s-c.1500)
Daju Kingdom (c.1100s-1400s)
Kingdom of al-Abwab (13th–15/16th century)
Tunjur Kingdom (1400s-c.1650)
Kingdom of Fazughli (1500–1685)
Funj Sultanate, also known as Sultanate of Sennar and Blue Sultanate (1504-1821)
Flag of Darfur.svg Sultanate of Darfur (1603–1874; 1898–1916)
Part of the Flag of Egypt (1844-1867).svg Eyalet of Egypt, that itself was part of the Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg  Ottoman Empire (1821–1867)
Part of the Flag of Egypt (1882-1922).svg Khedivate of Egypt, a de jure Ottoman autonomous viceroyalty (1867–1885)
Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg Mahdist State (1885-1898)
Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1898–1956) (Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt)
Flag of Sudan (1956-1970).svg Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)
Flag of Sudan.svg Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)
Flag of Sudan.svg Republic of the Sudan (1985–2019)
Flag of Sudan.svg  Republic of the Sudan (resumed) (2019–present) (a federal state formed by 18 States and 1 area with special administrative status)
Tanzania Bantu city-states settled on the coast, several nomadic tribes inhabited the rest of what is today Tanzania.
Kilwa Sultanate, in the coast of modern-day Tanzania (957-1513)
Kingdom of Karagwe (1450–1963)
Part of the Flag of Portugal (1495).svg Flag of Portugal (1667).svg Portuguese Mozambique, part of the Portuguese Empire (1513-1696)
Chagga states (1600–1963)
Part of the Flag of Muscat.svg Omani Empire (1696-1856)
Kilindi dynasty (1790s–1862)
Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1963).svg Sultanate of Zanzibar, in the coast of modern-day Tanzania (1856–1964) ( British protectorate 1890–1963)
Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa (1891–1919) (part of the German Empire)
Flag of Tanganyika (1923-1961).svg Tanganyika Territory (1922–1961) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Tanganyika (1961-1964).svg Republic of Tanganyika (1961–1964)
Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964)
Flag of Tanzania.svg United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (1964)
Flag of Tanzania.svg  United Republic of Tanzania (1964–present)
Togo Flag of Deutsch-Togo.svg German Togoland (1884–1916) (part of the German Empire)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Togoland (1916–1956) (League of Nations Mandate Territory and later a United Nations Trust Territory, administered by the United Kingdom)
Flag of Togo (1957-1958).svg French Togoland (1916–1960) (League of Nations Mandate Territory and later a United Nations Trust Territory, administered by France)
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togolese Republic (1960–present)
Tunisia Catharginian Monarchy (c. 814 BC–480 BC)

Catharginian Republic (c.480 BC-146 BC)
Africa Proconsularis, province of the Roman Republic (later the Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg Roman Empire) (146 BC-395 AD)
Africa Proconsularis, province of the Eastern Roman Empire (395-439)
Vandal Kingdom (439-533)
Praetorian prefecture of Africa, part of the Eastern Roman Empire (534-590)
Exarchate of Africa, part of the Eastern Roman Empire (590-698)
Part of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Umayyad Caliphate (698-750)
Part of the Abbassid banner.svg Abbasid Caliphate (750-800)
Aghlabid Emirate (800-909) (Semi-independent emirate, nominally vassal or subject of the Abbasids, but de facto independent since 801)
Center of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (909-973) (the capital cities was located in modern Tunisia)
Zyrid Emirate, Vassal of the White flag 3 to 2.svg Fatimid Caliphate (973-1048) (The Fatimid Caliphate moved its capital city to Cairo, located in modern Egypt)
Zyrid Emirate, independent state (1048-1148)
Khurasanid dynasty (1058–1159)
Kingdom of Africa (1148-c.1158)
Part of the Flag of Morocco (1147-1269).svg Almohad Caliphate (c.1158-1229)
Hafsid Flag - Tunisia.svg Flag of Tunis in 1550.svg Hafsid Sultanate of Tunis (1229-1574)
Tunisian flag till 1831.svg Eyalet of Tunis (1574–1705) (Eyalet (State) of the Ottoman Empire)
Tunisian flag till 1831.svg Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg Beylik of Tunis (1705–1881) (Beylik (Principality) of the Ottoman Empire)
Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg French protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956) (Part of the French Empire)
Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg Kingdom of Tunisia(1956–1957)
Pre-1999 Flag of Tunisia.svg Flag of Tunisia.svg  Republic of Tunisia (1957–present)

Uganda The territory of Uganda has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era
Bantu peoples migrated and settled the region during the Bantu expansion (c.300 BC-400 AD)
Empire of Kitara (???-1300s)
After the fall of the Empire of Kitara several kingdoms and chiefdoms were established in what is today Uganda: Kingdom of Buganda, Bunyoro Kitara-Kingdom, Kingdom of Busoga, Kingdom of Rwenzururu, the Tooro Kingdom, the Kingdom of Ankole, the Kingdom of Kooki, the Chiefdom of Bunya and the Alur Kingdom (c.1300s-1894)
Flag of the Uganda Protectorate.svg Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda, monarchical state in personal union with the United Kingdom (1962–1963)
Flag of Uganda.svg  Republic of Uganda (1963–present)
Zambia Southern regions of what is today Zambia was part of the Great Zimbabwe (c.1300s-c.1430s)
Eastern regions of what is today Zambia was part of the Kingdom of Maravi (c.1480s-c.1720s)
Kingdom of Barotseland (c.1600s-1890)
Northwestern regions of what is today Zambia was part of the Lunda Kingdom (c.1700s-1800s)
Flag of BSAC.svg Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1924) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of Northern Rhodesia (1939-1964).svg Northern Rhodesia Protectorate (1924–1953; 1963–1964) (Part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963), a federation of colonial possession of the British Empire
Flag of Zambia (1964-1996).svg Flag of Zambia.svg  Republic of Zambia (1963–present)
Zimbabwe Southern regions of what is today Zimbabwe was part of the Kingdom of Mapungubwe (c.1075–c.1220)
Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220-1450)
Kingdom of Mutapa (1430-1760)
Kingdom of Butua (1450-c.1683)
Rozvi Empire (1660-1889)
Kingdom of Mthwakazi (1823-1894)
Flag of BSAC.svg Part of British South Africa Company Territories (1890–1923) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of Rhodesia (1964-1968).svg Colony of Southern Rhodesia (1923–1953; 1963–1965; 1979–1980) (part of the British Empire)
Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963).svg Part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963), a federation of colonial possessions of the British Empire
Flag of Rhodesia (1968-1979).svg Rhodesia (1965–1979) (Unilateral declaration of independence;from 1970 to 1979 Republic of Rhodesia)
Flag of Zimbabwe Rhodesia.svg Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979)
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Republic of Zimbabwe (1980–present)

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Country</span> Distinct territorial body or political entity

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dynasty</span> Sequence of rulers considered members of the same family

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windward Islands</span> Islands of the Lesser Antilles, within the West Indies

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References

  1. "United Nations Statistics Division – Countries of Africa". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  2. The Techiman-Bono of Ghana: an ethnography of an Akan society Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1975
  3. "Wonders of the African World". PBS . Retrieved 16 April 2010.