List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America

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South America (orthographic projection).svg

There are 12 sovereign states and 3 non-sovereign dependent territories in South America. The continent is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean. North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. South America has an area of approximately 17,840,000 square kilometres (6,890,000 sq mi), or almost 3.5% of Earth's surface. As of 2018, its population is more than 430 million, according to estimates of population in The World Factbook . South America ranks fourth among all continents in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). [1]

Contents

The border between North and South America is at some point in the Isthmus of Panama. The most common demarcation in atlases and other sources follows the Darién Mountains watershed that divides along the Colombia–Panama border where the isthmus meets the South American continent (see Darién Gap). Virtually all atlases list Panama as a state falling entirely within North America and/or Central America. [2]

Sovereign states

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. [3] According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. [4] The following states are all members of the United Nations [5] and current or former members of the Union of South American Nations. [6]

FlagMapEnglish short, formal names, and ISO
[7] [8] [9] [10]
Domestic short and formal name(s)
[7] [8]
Capital
[9] [11] [12]
Population 2021
[13] [14]
Area
[15]
Currency
[9]
Flag of Argentina.svg
ARG orthographic.svg
Argentina  

Argentine Republic

ARG 
Spanish : Argentina — República Argentina Buenos Aires

Spanish : Ciudad de Buenos Aires
45,276,7802,780,400 km2 (1,073,518 sq mi) Argentine peso
Flag of Bolivia.svg
BOL orthographic.svg
Bolivia  

Plurinational State of Bolivia

BOL 
Spanish : Bolivia — Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Quechua : Buliwya — Puliwya Achka Aylluska Mamallaqta

Aymara : Wuliwya — Wuliwya Walja Suyunakana Marka
Sucre (official)
and La Paz (seat of government)

Spanish : Sucre [n 1]
12,079,4721,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi) Bolivian boliviano
Flag of Brazil.svg
BRA orthographic.svg
Brazil  

Federative Republic of Brazil

BRA 
Portuguese : Brasil — República Federativa do Brasil Brasília

Portuguese : Brasília
214,326,2238,514,877 km2 (3,287,612 sq mi) Brazilian real
Flag of Chile.svg
CHL orthographic.svg
Chile   [n 2]

Republic of Chile

CHL 
Spanish : Chile — República de Chile Santiago [n 3]

Spanish : Santiago
19,493,184756,102 km2 (291,933 sq mi) Chilean peso
Flag of Colombia.svg
COL orthographic.svg
Colombia  

Republic of Colombia

COL 
Spanish : Colombia — República de Colombia Bogotá / Santa Fe de Bogotá

Spanish : Bogotá
51,516,5621,138,910 km2 (439,736 sq mi) Colombian peso
Flag of Ecuador.svg
ECU orthographic.svg
Ecuador  

Republic of Ecuador

ECU 
Spanish : Ecuador — República del Ecuador

Quechua : Ikwadur — Ikwadur Ripuwlika
Quito

Spanish : Quito
17,797,737283,561 km2 (109,484 sq mi) United States dollar
Flag of Guyana.svg
GUY orthographic.svg
Guyana  

Co-operative Republic of Guyana

GUY 
English: Guyana — Co-operative Republic of Guyana Georgetown

English: Georgetown
804,567214,969 km2 (83,000 sq mi) Guyanese dollar
Flag of Paraguay.svg
PRY orthographic.svg
Paraguay  

Republic of Paraguay

PRY 
Spanish : Paraguay — República del Paraguay

Guarani : Paraguai — Tetã Paraguai
Asunción

Spanish : Asunción
6,703,799406,752 km2 (157,048 sq mi) Paraguayan guaraní
Flag of Peru.svg
PER orthographic.svg
Peru  

Republic of Peru

PER 
Spanish : Perú — República del Perú

Quechua : Piruw — Piruw Ripuwlika

Aymara : Piruw — Piruwxa Ripuwlika
Lima

Spanish : Lima
33,715,4711,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi) Peruvian sol
Flag of Suriname.svg
SUR orthographic.svg
Suriname  

Republic of Suriname

SUR 
Dutch : Suriname — Republiek Suriname Paramaribo

Dutch : Paramaribo
612,985163,820 km2 (63,251 sq mi) Surinamese dollar
Flag of Uruguay.svg
URY orthographic.svg
Uruguay  

Eastern Republic of Uruguay [n 4]

URY 
Spanish : Uruguay — República Oriental del Uruguay

Portuguese : Uruguai — República Oriental do Uruguai
Montevideo

Spanish : Montevideo

Portuguese : Montevidéu
3,426,260176,215 km2 (68,037 sq mi) Uruguayan peso
Flag of Venezuela.svg
VEN orthographic.svg
Venezuela  

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

VEN 
Spanish : Venezuela — República Bolivariana de Venezuela Caracas

Spanish : Caracas
28,199,867912,050 km2 (352,144 sq mi) Venezuelan bolívar

Non-sovereign territories

External territories

FlagMapEnglish name [7] [9] Legal statusDomestic nameCapital [11] Population [16] Area [15]
Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg
Falkland Islands (orthographic projection).svg
Falkland Islands  

FLK 
British overseas territory English: Falkland Islands
Spanish : Islas Malvinas
Stanley

English: Stanley
3,398 [17] 12,173 km2 (4,700 sq mi)
Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands on the globe (South America centered).svg
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands   [n 5]

SGS 
British overseas territory English: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands King Edward Point

English: King Edward Point
No permanent population [n 6] 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi)

Internal territory

FlagMapEnglish name and ISO code [7] [9] Legal statusDomestic nameCapital [11] Population [16] Area [15]
Flag of France.svg
French Guiana (orthographic projection).svg
French Guiana


GUF
Overseas department, region and single territorial collectivity of France and outermost region of the European Union [n 7] French : Guyane Cayenne

French : Cayenne
294,071 [18] 83,534 km2 (32,253 sq mi)

Economic statistics

Country/Territory Currency GDP (PPP) per capita [n 8]
(2008 est. in U.S. dollars)
Notes
Argentina Argentine peso 14,200 [19]
Bolivia Boliviano 4,500 [20]
Brazil Brazilian real 10,100 [21]
Chile Chilean peso 14,900 [22]
Colombia Colombian peso 8,900 [23]
Ecuador United States dollar 7,500 [24]
Falkland Islands (United Kingdom) Falkland Islands pound 35,400 (2002 est.) [25]
French Guiana (France) Euro 6,000 (2001 est.) [26] [27]
Guyana Guyanese dollar 3,900 [28]
Paraguay Paraguayan guaraní 4,200 [29]
Peru Peruvian sol 8,400 [30]
South Georgia and the South
Sandwich Islands
(United Kingdom)
Falkland Islands Pound 0
Suriname Surinamese dollar 8,900 [31]
Uruguay Uruguayan peso 12,200 [32]
Venezuela Venezuelan bolívar 13,500 [33]

Geographically associated with Antarctica, but due to geopolitical reasons, the United Nations geoscheme has included South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in South America instead.

See also

Notes

  1. While Sucre is the constitutional capital, La Paz is the seat of the government.
  2. Includes Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, a Chilean territory frequently reckoned in Oceania.
  3. While Santiago is the constitutional capital of Chile, Valparaíso is the site of legislative meetings.
  4. Also translated as "Oriental Republic of Uruguay".
  5. Sometimes grouped with Antarctica rather than South America.
  6. Present inhabitants are the British Government officer, deputy postmaster, scientists, and support staff from the British Antarctic Survey who maintain scientific bases on Bird Island and in the capital, King Edward Point, as well as museum staff at Grytviken.
  7. The territory has been fully integrated into the French central state.
  8. The CIA's estimate for GDP per capita (PPP) is used in the article. For the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's estimates, see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.

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<i>The World Factbook</i> Reference resource produced by the CIA

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world. The official print version is available from the Government Publishing Office. The Factbook is available in website and downloadable formats. It provides a two- to three-page summary of the demographics, geography, communications, government, economy, and military of 266 international entities, including U.S.-recognized countries, dependencies, and other areas in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of North America</span>

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References

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    National Geographic Atlas (list). National Geographic Society. 2010. p. 4.
    Webster's New Geographical Dictionary (list and map). Merriam-Webster Inc. 1984. pp. 856, 859.
    "Americas" Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49), United Nations Statistics Division
    "North America" Archived 3 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Atlas of Canada
    North America Atlas National Geographic
  3. Ashley, Richard K (1 June 1988). "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique". Millennium - Journal of International Studies. 4 (2). Sage Journals Online: 227–262. doi:10.1177/03058298880170020901. S2CID   145130222 . Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  4. "Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States". Council on Foreign Relations. 26 December 1933. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  5. "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  6. "Estados Miembros" (in Spanish). Secretaria General de UNASUR. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
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  8. 1 2 "UNGEGN List of Country Names" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  10. "ISO 3166". International Organization for Standardization. 1974. Retrieved 2022-07-24.
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  12. "UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  13. "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  14. "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  15. 1 2 3 "Field Listing :: Area". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  16. 1 2 "Country Comparison :: Population". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  17. "2016 Census Report". Policy and Economic Development Unit, Falkland Islands Government. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2018.
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  33. "The World Factbook: Venezuela". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.