List of southernmost items

The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.

Cities and settlements

See also: Southernmost settlements

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Capital (of an independent nation)	Wellington, New Zealand	41°17′20″S174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E / -41.28889; 174.77722 (Wellington, New Zealand)
Permanent settlement of any size	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	90°S0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people [1]	McMurdo Station, Antarctica	77°51′S166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Hamlet (excluding research stations)	Puerto Toro, Chile	55°5′0″S67°4′30″W / 55.08333°S 67.07500°W / -55.08333; -67.07500 (Puerto Toro, Chile)
Town > 1,000 people	Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′S67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
City > 50,000 people	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′S68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
City > 100,000 people	Punta Arenas, Chile	53°10′S70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
City > 150,000 people	Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina	45°51′53″S67°28′51″W / 45.86472°S 67.48083°W / -45.86472; -67.48083 (Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina)
City > 250,000 people	Christchurch, New Zealand	43°31′48″S172°37′13″E / 43.53000°S 172.62028°E / -43.53000; 172.62028 (Christchurch, New Zealand)
City > 500,000 people	Mar del Plata, Argentina	38°00′S57°33′W / 38.000°S 57.550°W / -38.000; -57.550 (Mar del Plata, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people	Melbourne, Australia	37°48′49″S144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E / -37.81361; 144.96306 (Melbourne, Australia)
Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people	Buenos Aires, Argentina	34°36′12″S58°22′54″W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W / -34.60333; -58.38167 (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people	São Paulo, Brazil	23°33′06″S46°38′01″W / 23.55167°S 46.63361°W / -23.55167; -46.63361 (São Paulo, Brazil)

Geography

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Body of water (navigable)	Bay of Whales, Ross Sea	78°30′S164°20′W / 78.500°S 164.333°W / -78.500; -164.333
Land (excluding Antarctica)	Thule Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	59°31′50″S27°23′50″W / 59.53056°S 27.39722°W / -59.53056; -27.39722

Islands

See also: List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Any island (above sea level)	Deverall Island	81°28′S161°54′E / 81.467°S 161.900°E / -81.467; 161.900
Any island (with bare rock, not ice-covered)	Ross Island	77°50′S166°40′E / 77.833°S 166.667°E / -77.833; 166.667
Any size excluding Antarctica	Thule Island	59°27′S27°18′W / 59.450°S 27.300°W / -59.450; -27.300
Island > 10,000 km2 excluding Antarctica	Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina/Chile	55°02′S56°27′W / 55.033°S 56.450°W / -55.033; -56.450
Island > 100,000 km2	South Island, New Zealand	46°40′S169°00′E / 46.667°S 169.000°E / -46.667; 169.000
Coral atoll	Elizabeth Reef, Australia	29°57′S159°04′E / 29.950°S 159.067°E / -29.950; 159.067

The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.

Nature

Animals

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Bird: South polar skua (Stercorarius maccormicki)	seen at the South Pole [2]	90°S0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole, Antarctica)
Amphibian: Gray four-eyed frog (Pleurodema bufoninum)	Southern tip of South America [3]	53°54′S71°18′W / 53.900°S 71.300°W / -53.900; -71.300 (Gray four-eyed frog)
Mammal: Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)	Southern Ocean [4] [5]	80th parallel south
Land mammal: Olive grass mouse (Abrothrix olivacea)	Hornos Island, Chile [6]	55°56′38.68″S67°17′21″W / 55.9440778°S 67.28917°W / -55.9440778; -67.28917 (Abrothrix)
Marsupial: Patagonian opossum (Lestodelphys halli)	Estancia La Madrugada, Argentina [7]	47°06′00″S66°29′01″W / 47.1°S 66.48361°W / -47.1; -66.48361 (Lestodelphys)
Reptile: Liolaemus magellanicus	Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego [8]	52°22′57″S68°24′36″W / 52.382367°S 68.409956°W / -52.382367; -68.409956 (Liolaemus)
Insect: Antarctic midge (Belgica antarctica)	Refuge Islands [9] [10]	68°21′S67°10′W / 68.350°S 67.167°W / -68.350; -67.167 (Antarctic midge)
Fish: Gymnoscopelus nicholsi , Gymnoscopelus braueri , Electrona antarctica	Ross Sea [11]	75th parallel south

Plants

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Flowering plants (in greenhouses)	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica [12]	90°00′S139°16′W / 90.000°S 139.267°W / -90.000; -139.267 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Ferns ( Blechnum penna-marina , naturally occurring)	Hornos Island, Chile [13]	55°56′38.68″S67°16′51″W / 55.9440778°S 67.28083°W / -55.9440778; -67.28083 (Hornos Island, Chile)
Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring)	Terra Firma Islands, Antarctica [14]	68°42′S67°32′W / 68.700°S 67.533°W / -68.700; -67.533 (Terra Firma Islands)
Trees ( Nothofagus betuloides , naturally occurring)	Hornos Island, Chile [15]	55°58′S67°15′W / 55.967°S 67.250°W / -55.967; -67.250 (Cape Horn)
Conifers ( Pilgerodendron uviferum , naturally occurring)	Tierra del Fuego, Chile [16] [17]	54°20′S70°7′W / 54.333°S 70.117°W / -54.333; -70.117 (Tierra del Fuego)
Palms (nikau ( Rhopalostylis sapida ), naturally occurring)	Chatham Islands, New Zealand [18]	44°02′S176°26′W / 44.033°S 176.433°W / -44.033; -176.433 (Chatham Islands, New Zealand)

Agriculture

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Cattle farm	Estancia Moat, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina [19]	54°58′32″S66°44′41″W / 54.97556°S 66.74472°W / -54.97556; -66.74472 (Estancia Moat)
Cherry orchard	Los Antiguos, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina [20]	46°32′30″S71°39′20″W / 46.54167°S 71.65556°W / -46.54167; -71.65556
Potato farm	Centro Experimental Kampenaike, Magallanes Region, Chile [21]	52°37′59″S70°32′41″W / 52.63306°S 70.54472°W / -52.63306; -70.54472
Rice field	San Nicolás, Ñuble Region, Chile [22] [23]	36°30′12″S72°12′44″W / 36.503333°S 72.212222°W / -36.503333; -72.212222 (San Nicolás)
Vineyard	Chile Chico, Aysén Region, Chile [24]	46°32′00″S71°41′16″W / 46.53333°S 71.68778°W / -46.53333; -71.68778 (Viñedo experimental)

Education

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
International Baccalaureate school	John McGlashan College, Dunedin, New Zealand [25]	45°51′17″S170°29′55″E / 45.85472°S 170.49861°E / -45.85472; 170.49861 (John McGlashan College in Dunedin)
University	National University of Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina [26]	54°48′57″S68°19′04″W / 54.81583°S 68.31778°W / -54.81583; -68.31778 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Kindergarten	Puerto Williams, [27] Chile	54°55′59″S67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Kindergarten in Puerto Williams)
Secondary school	Puerto Williams, Chile [28]	54°55′59″S67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Primary school	Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín", Esperanza Base, Antarctica [29]	63°24′S57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)

Science and technology

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Astronomical observatory	South Pole Telescope, Antarctica	90°S0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole Telescope, Antarctica)
Permanent scientific research station	Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	90°S0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica)
Planetarium	Tūhura Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand [30]	45°51′56″S170°30′38″E / 45.86556°S 170.51056°E / -45.86556; 170.51056 (Otago Museum)
Nuclear power plant	Atucha I, Argentina [31]	33°58′S59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)
	Atucha II, Argentina [ citation needed ]	33°58′S59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina)

Historical sites and archaeological findings

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Prehistoric archaeological site	Yaghan people's Cape Horn hunting camp, [32] Chile.	55°58′19″S67°15′50″W / 55.97183°S 67.264006°W / -55.97183; -67.264006 (Isla Hornos, Chile)

Transportation

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights)	Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica	89°59′22″S1°00′00″W / 89.98944°S 1.00000°W / -89.98944; -1.00000 (Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica)
Seaport/Harbour	Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica [33]	77°51′S166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)
Narrow gauge railway	Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica [34] [35] The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island. [34]	66°40′S140°01′E / 66.667°S 140.017°E / -66.667; 140.017 (Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica)
Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights)	Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport, Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′S67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport)
International airport	Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°50′S68°17′W / 54.833°S 68.283°W / -54.833; -68.283 (Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport)
Traffic light	Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°49′42″S68°20′04″W / 54.82834°S 68.33436°W / -54.82834; -68.33436
Suspension bridge	Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge, Falkland Islands [36]	51°51′14″S59°01′04″E / 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge)
Railway	Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina [37]	54°48′S68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina)
Electrified railway	Wellington station, Wellington, New Zealand	41°16′43″S174°46′51″E / 41.27861°S 174.78083°E / -41.27861; 174.78083
Metro station	Anzac railway station, Melbourne, Australia	37°49′59″S144°58′20″E / 37.83306°S 144.97222°E / -37.83306; 144.97222 (opening 2025)
Tramway system	Christchurch Heritage Tram, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′07″S172°38′28″E / 43.53528°S 172.64111°E / -43.53528; 172.64111 (Christchurch Heritage Tram) (southernmost point of route)
Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes)	Melbourne, Australia	37°54′52″S145°1′0″E / 37.91444°S 145.01667°E / -37.91444; 145.01667 (southernmost point of route)
Trolleybus	Valparaíso, Chile	33°2′46″S71°36′16″W / 33.04611°S 71.60444°W / -33.04611; -71.60444

Recreation

Sport

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Bowling club	Stewart Island Bowling Club, Oban, New Zealand [38]	46°53′57″S168°07′43″E / 46.899224°S 168.128746°E / -46.899224; 168.128746 (Stewart Island Bowling Club)
Ski resort	Cerro Castor, Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina [39]	54°43′S68°00′W / 54.717°S 68.000°W / -54.717; -68.000 (Cerro Castor)
Golf club	Ushuaia Golf Club, Ushuaia, Argentina [40]	54°49′52″S68°25′02″W / 54.831183°S 68.417283°W / -54.831183; -68.417283 (Ushuaia Golf Club)

Religious buildings

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Church (ice-made)	Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows, Belgrano II Base, Antarctica [41] [42]	77°52′S34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II Base, Antarctica)
Church (regular)	Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church), King George Island, Antarctica [ citation needed ]	62°12′S58°58′W / 62.200°S 58.967°W / -62.200; -58.967 (King George Island, Antarctica)
Mormon church	Puerto Williams, Chile [43]	54°56′S67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile)
Cathedral	El Sagrado Corazón, Diocese of Punta Arenas, Punta Arenas, Chile [44]	53°10′S70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Hindu temple	Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas, Chile [45]	53°10′S70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile)
Mosque	Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill, New Zealand [46]	46°24′35″S168°23′20″E / 46.40972°S 168.38889°E / -46.40972; 168.38889 (Invercargill, New Zealand)
Synagogue	Dunedin Synagogue, Dunedin, New Zealand [47] [48]	45°52′S170°30′E / 45.867°S 170.500°E / -45.867; 170.500 (Dunedin, New Zealand)
Buddhist stupa	the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello, Dunedin, New Zealand [49]	45°51′S170°39′E / 45.850°S 170.650°E / -45.850; 170.650 (Portobello, New Zealand)
Sikh Gurdwara	Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust, former Forbury Park Raceway, Dunedin, New Zealand [50]	45°54′26.72″S170°29′47.30″E / 45.9074222°S 170.4964722°E / -45.9074222; 170.4964722 (Dunedin Gurdwara Singh Sabha Trust)

Shops and service facilities

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Tourist office	Puerto Williams, [51] Chile	54°55′59″S67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile)
Restaurant	Lodge Lakutaia, [52] Puerto Williams, Chile	54°56′12″S67°36′47″W / 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039
Cinema	Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula [ citation needed ]	62°14′S58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W / -62.233; -58.667 (Jubany)
Public post office	Port Lockroy, Goudier Island, Antarctica [53]	64°49′S63°30′W / 64.817°S 63.500°W / -64.817; -63.500 (Port Lockroy, Antarctica)
Bar	Faraday Bar, [54] Vernadsky Research Base, Antarctica	65°14′45″S64°15′27″W / 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391
Automated teller machine	McMurdo Station, Antarctica [55]	77°51′S166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica)

International brand names

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Mercedes-Benz retailer	Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′05″S68°17′06″W / 54.80131°S 68.28499°W / -54.80131; -68.28499
Toyota retailer	Celentano Motors, Ushuaia, Argentina	54°47′30″S68°14′12″W / 54.79156°S 68.23678°W / -54.79156; -68.23678
Volkswagen retailer	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°47′27″S68°14′25″W / 54.79077°S 68.24022°W / -54.79077; -68.24022
Mobil petrol station	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′46″S168°21′42″E / 46.42944°S 168.36167°E / -46.42944; 168.36167 [56]
Tesla retailer	Wigram, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′44″S172°33′34″E / 43.54562°S 172.55936°E / -43.54562; 172.55936 [57]
H&M	Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′00″S172°38′16″E / 43.53333°S 172.63778°E / -43.53333; 172.63778 [58]
Shell petrol station	Blackmans Bay, Tasmania, Australia	43°00′00″S147°19′13″E / 43.00000°S 147.32028°E / -43.00000; 147.32028 [59]
Aldi	Wonthaggi, Victoria, Australia	38°36′15″S145°35′34″E / 38.60429°S 145.59273°E / -38.60429; 145.59273
7-Eleven	Rosebud, Victoria, Australia	38°21′25″S144°54′04″E / 38.35694°S 144.90111°E / -38.35694; 144.90111 [60]
ECCO	Moorabbin, Melbourne, Australia	37°58′15″S145°05′21″E / 37.97083°S 145.08917°E / -37.97083; 145.08917 [61]
IKEA	Springvale, Melbourne, Australia	37°55′36″S145°08′36″E / 37.92667°S 145.14333°E / -37.92667; 145.14333
Zara	Chadstone Shopping Centre, Malvern East, Melbourne, Australia	37°53′05″S145°05′00″E / 37.88464°S 145.08320°E / -37.88464; 145.08320

Franchised food brands

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
Hard Rock Cafe	Ushuaia, Argentina	54°48′25″S68°18′23″W / 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W / -54.806825; -68.3062502
Domino's Pizza	Punta Arenas, Chile	53°08′20″S70°53′23″W / 53.138801°S 70.889852°W / -53.138801; -70.889852
KFC	Punta Arenas, Chile [62]	53°07′52″S70°54′33″W / 53.131076°S 70.909104°W / -53.131076; -70.909104
Pizza Hut	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′40″S168°21′41″E / 46.427798°S 168.361313°E / -46.427798; 168.361313
Subway	Invercargill, New Zealand	46°25′40″S168°21′42″E / 46.427908°S 168.361736°E / -46.427908; 168.361736
McDonald's	Invercargill, New Zealand [63]	46°25′15″S168°21′41″E / 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503
Burger King	Invercargill, New Zealand [64]	46°24′48″S168°21′42″E / 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750
Starbucks	Invercargill, New Zealand [65]	46°24′43″S168°20′57″E / 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075
Wendy's	Dunedin, New Zealand [66]	45°53′38″S170°30′14″E / 45.894013°S 170.503808°E / -45.894013; 170.503808
Taco Bell	Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand	45°51′39″S170°30′45″E / 45.86095°S 170.51238°E / -45.86095; 170.51238
Denny's	Christchurch Central, Christchurch, New Zealand	43°32′25″S172°38′21″E / 43.54034°S 172.63921°E / -43.54034; 172.63921
Baskin-Robbins	Camberwell, Melbourne, Australia	37°49′50″S145°03′24″E / 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742

Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
National park	Cabo de Hornos National Park, Tierra del Fuego, Chile	55°49′58″S67°25′58″W / 55.83278°S 67.43278°W / -55.83278; -67.43278 (Cabo de Hornos National Park)
Penguin reserve	Magdalena Island Penguin Reserve, Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Chile [67]
Aviary	Queens Park Aviary, Invercargill, New Zealand	46°24′13″S168°21′37″E / 46.40361°S 168.36028°E / -46.40361; 168.36028
Botanical garden	Jardín Botánico de Ushuaia, Ushuaia, Argentina [68]	54°47′07″S68°16′56″W / 54.78528°S 68.28222°W / -54.78528; -68.28222

Other

Item	Place	Latitude/longitude
UNESCO world heritage site (natural)	French Austral Land and Seas [69]	90°00′S45°00′E / 90.000°S 45.000°E / -90.000; 45.000 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina) (southernmost Point)
UNESCO world heritage site (cultural)	Cueva de las Manos, Argentina [70]	47°09′S70°40′W / 47.150°S 70.667°W / -47.150; -70.667 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina)
Skyscraper (>100 m)	Majestic Centre, Wellington, New Zealand	41°17′19″S174°46′27″E / 41.288501°S 174.774296°E / -41.288501; 174.774296 (Majestic Centre)
Opera house	Oamaru Opera House, Oamaru, New Zealand	45°05′55″S170°58′13″E / 45.0986°S 170.9703°E / -45.0986; 170.9703 (Oamaru Opera House)
High-rise building	Cue Building, [71] Invercargill, New Zealand	46°24′40″S168°20′57″E / 46.4110°S 168.3493°E / -46.4110; 168.3493 (Cue Building)
Mine	Invierno mine, Riesco Island, Chile [72]	52°52′12″S71°37′31″W / 52.87000°S 71.62528°W / -52.87000; -71.62528 (Mina Invierno)
Brewery	Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia, Argentina [73]	54°47′24″S68°15′57″W / 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle)
Lighthouse	Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island, Chile [74]	55°57′54″S67°13′12″W / 55.96500°S 67.22000°W / -55.96500; -67.22000
Bell tower	Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church, Milton, New Zealand	46°07′22″S169°57′25″E / 46.12278°S 169.95694°E / -46.12278; 169.95694 (Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church)
Place of birth of a human	Esperanza Base, Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [75]	63°24′S57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica)
Cemetery	Buromskiy Island, Antarctica [76]	66°32′S93°00′E / 66.533°S 93.000°E / -66.533; 93.000 (Buromskiy Island Cemetery)

See also

• List of northernmost items
• Extreme points of Earth
• Extreme points of the Antarctic
• List of countries by southernmost point

References

1. "4.0 Antarctica - Past and Present". Archived from the original on 2017-07-03. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
2. "Skuas - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection". Archived from the original on February 11, 2006.
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