[[New South Wales]]"},"coordinates":{"wt":"{{coord|33|12|54|S|151|07|04|E|type:landmark_region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}}"},"country":{"wt":"Australia"},"location":{"wt":"[[Central Coast (New South Wales)|Central Coast]], [[New South Wales]]"},"purpose":{"wt":"[[Water supply]]"},"status":{"wt":"O"},"construction_began":{"wt":"1978"},"opening":{"wt":"1982"},"demolished":{"wt":""},"cost":{"wt":""},"owner":{"wt":"Central Coast Water Corporation"},"dam_type":{"wt":"E"},"dam_height":{"wt":"{{convert|80|m}}"},"dam_height_thalweg":{"wt":""},"dam_height_foundation":{"wt":""},"dam_length":{"wt":"{{convert|380|m}}"},"dam_width_crest":{"wt":"{{convert|6|m}}"},"dam_width_base":{"wt":"{{convert|250|m}}"},"dam_volume":{"wt":"{{convert|1340000|m3}}"},"dam_elevation_crest":{"wt":""},"dam_crosses":{"wt":"[[Mangrove Creek (New South Wales)|Mangrove Creek]]"},"spillway_count":{"wt":""},"spillway_type":{"wt":"Concrete lined chute"},"spillway_capacity":{"wt":"{{convert|570|m3/s}}"},"res_name":{"wt":""},"res_capacity_total":{"wt":"{{convert|190000|ML}}"},"res_capacity_active":{"wt":""},"res_capacity_inactive":{"wt":""},"res_catchment":{"wt":"{{convert|101|km2}}"},"res_surface":{"wt":"{{convert|7|km2}}"},"res_elevation":{"wt":""},"res_max_depth":{"wt":"{{convert|65|m}}"},"res_max_length":{"wt":""},"res_max_width":{"wt":""},"res_tidal_range":{"wt":""},"plant_operator":{"wt":""},"plant_commission":{"wt":""},"plant_decommission":{"wt":""},"plant_type":{"wt":""},"plant_turbines":{"wt":""},"plant_capacity":{"wt":""},"plant_annual_gen":{"wt":""},"website":{"wt":"{{URL|1=https://www.centralcoast.nsw.gov.au/residents/roads-and-water/water-supply-services}}"},"extra":{"wt":""}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBw">Dam in Central Coast, New South Wales
Mangrove Creek Dam | |
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Location of the Mangrove Creek Dam in New South Wales | |
Country | Australia |
Location | Central Coast, New South Wales |
Coordinates | 33°12′54″S151°07′04″E / 33.21500°S 151.11778°E Coordinates: 33°12′54″S151°07′04″E / 33.21500°S 151.11778°E |
Purpose | Water supply |
Status | Operational |
Construction began | 1978 |
Opening date | 1982 |
Owner(s) | Central Coast Water Corporation |
Dam and spillways | |
Type of dam | Embankment dam |
Impounds | Mangrove Creek |
Height | 80 metres (260 ft) |
Length | 380 metres (1,250 ft) |
Width (crest) | 6 metres (20 ft) |
Width (base) | 250 metres (820 ft) |
Dam volume | 1,340,000 cubic metres (47,000,000 cu ft) |
Spillway type | Concrete lined chute |
Spillway capacity | 570 cubic metres per second (20,000 cu ft/s) |
Reservoir | |
Total capacity | 190,000 megalitres (6,700×10 6 cu ft) |
Catchment area | 101 square kilometres (39 sq mi) |
Surface area | 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi) |
Maximum water depth | 65 metres (213 ft) |
Website www |
Mangrove Creek Dam, a concrete faced rockfill embankment dam, is the primary reservoir for water supply to residents of the Central Coast in New South Wales, Australia.
The dam, with a capacity of 190,000 megalitres (6,700×10 6 cu ft) and fed by a catchment area of 101 square kilometres (39 sq mi), is operated by the Central Coast Water Corporation and supplies approximately 93 per cent of water to 300,000 residents in Central Coast Council. The dam was constructed between 1978 and 1982, formed by impounding the headwaters of Mangrove Creek, a tributary of the Hawkesbury River.
The concrete faced rockfill embankment dam was built due to a rising demand for water from the expanding population on the Central Coast. The dam was built to boost water supply storage and to help provide a more reliable water supply. Mangrove Creek Dam was built using rolled, soft rockfill of sandstones and siltstones. This material was obtained from a quarry located within the storage area. These sandstones and siltstones were crushed and compacted to form the dam embankment. The embankment also contains approximately 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cu ft) of processed basalt. This material was incorporated into various filters and drains within the embankment to cope with seepage within the embankment and foundations. The concrete face which tapers from 600 millimetres (24 in) at the base to 300 millimetres (12 in) at the crest acts as a seal between the water and the dam embankment. Provision was made to increase the height of the dam wall by 25 metres (82 ft) to a total capacity of 420,000 megalitres (15,000×10 6 cu ft) if the need arose in the future. [1]
The height of the dam wall is 80 metres (260 ft), with a length of 380 metres (1,250 ft). [1]
The dam spillway is a concrete lined chute of approximately 240 metres (790 ft) with a width that tapers from 20 metres (66 ft) to 10 metres (33 ft), with the capacity to discharge a water flow of 570 cubic metres per second (20,000 cu ft/s) into the impounded Mangrove Creek. [1]
During 1989, the Boomerang Creek Tunnel was completed. This tunnel enabled water to be transferred from Mangrove Creek Dam to Wyong River, for extraction at the Wyong River Weir for storage in Mardi Dam. [2] This water was then extracted downstream at Lower Wyong River Weir and pumped for storage in Mardi Dam. [1]
Mangrove Creek Dam was proposed as a large storage dam, not primarily a collection dam. Its catchment area was relatively small but the shape of the valley and its geology enabled the construction of a relatively high wall that would store 190,000 megalitres (6,700×10 6 cu ft) of water, reaching a maximum water depth in the reservoir of 65 metres (213 ft). [1]
When at full supply, the reservoir has a surface level of approximately 7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi), generated from the 101-square-kilometre (39 sq mi) catchment area and annual average rainfall of 960 millimetres (38 in). [1]
Sustained low water conditions, including a 15-year drought, [2] took the level of water to 10.27% of total capacity during February 2007, [1] following an earlier reading of 13.3% during January 2007. [3] [4] Local government officials immediately placed a range of water restrictions on residents and businesses in order to conserve water and ensure ongoing supply to the region's residents and tourism industry. Piping of water from the Hunter River system augmented local water supply.
In 2007, a water plan was established and detailed a program to expand supply and reduce demand to help secure the water supply until 2050. [2]
Between 2010 and 2012, a link was established between the Mangrove Creek Dam and Mardi Dam. This 21-kilometre (13 mi) Mardi-Mangrove Link is made up of two pipelines that enable water to be transferred from the Wyong River and Ourimbah Creek, via Mardi Dam to the large Mangrove Creek Dam for storage, instead of allowing it to flow to the ocean. It is expected that this link will help protect the Central Coast region against future extended periods of below-average rainfall. [1]
The dam is a popular day trip destination for both locals and tourists for barbecues and picnics, taking about 45 minutes to reach by car from Gosford. Restrictions apply on accessing the dam and the catchment area in order to protect water quality, protect large areas of bush land and plant and animal habitats, protect threatened plants and animal species, and preserve evidence of Aboriginal occupation. [1]
Glenbawn Dam is a major ungated earth and rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway plus fuse plugs across the Hunter River upstream of Aberdeen in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-electric power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Glenbawn.
The Stephens Creek Dam is an earth-filled embankment dam built on a rock foundation with an uncontrolled spillway across the Stephens Creek, located in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The principal purpose of the dam is to supply potable water for the town of Broken Hill. The impounded 2,000-megalitre reservoir is called Stephens Creek Reservoir.
Glennies Creek Dam is a minor ungated concrete faced curved earth and rockfill embankment dam with an uncontrolled rock cut spillway across the Glennies Creek, upstream of Singleton, in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Saint Clair.
Googong Dam is a minor ungated earth and rock fill with clay core embankment dam with concrete chute spillway plus a nearby 13 metres (43 ft) high earthfill saddle embankment across the Queanbeyan River upstream of Queanbeyan in the Capital Country region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes water supply for Canberra and Queanbeyan. The impounded reservoir is called Googong Reservoir.
Cochrane Dam is a minor earthfill embankment dam with concrete spillway across Georges Creek, located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is to supply water for hydro-power at the downstream Brown Mountain Power Station and for irrigation purposes. The impounded reservoir is called Cochrane Lake.
The Little Nerang Dam is a concrete gravity dam with an un-gated spillway across the Little Nerang Creek that is located in the South East region of Queensland, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for potable water supply of the Gold Coast region. The impounded reservoir is also called Little Nerang Dam. The dam was closed to the public in 2013 due to safety concerns.
The Ross River Dam is a rock and earthfill-filled embankment dam across the Ross River, located between Kelso and Mount Stuart in the City of Townsville in northern Queensland, Australia. Built initially for flood control, Lake Ross, the impoundment created by the dam, serves as one of the major potable water supplies for the region.
Spring Creek Dam is a minor embankment dam across the Spring Creek upstream of Orange in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. The impounded reservoir is called the Spring Creek Reservoir.
Split Rock Dam is a minor ungated concrete faced rock fill embankment dam with concrete chute spillway across the Manilla River upstream of Manilla in the north-western slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Split Rock Reservoir.
Pindari Dam is a minor concrete faced rockfill embankment dam with an ungated uncontrolled rock cut with concrete sill spillway across the Severn River located upstream of the town of Ashford, in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, hydro-power, irrigation, water supply and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Pindari.
Clarrie Hall Dam is a minor ungated concrete faced rockfill embankment dam with an uncontrolled concrete-lined chute spillway across the Doon Doon Creek, located upstream of the small town of Uki, in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is for water supply and it creates the artificial Lake Clarrie Hall.
Toonumbar Dam is a minor ungated rock fill with clay core embankment dam with a concrete chute spillway across the Iron Pot Creek north-west of Casino in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes hydro-power, irrigation, water supply, and conservation. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Toonumbar.
The Cotter Dam is a concrete gravity and rockfill embankment dam across the Cotter River, located in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The impounded Cotter Reservoir is a supply source of potable water for the city of Canberra and its environs.
Ben Chifley Dam, or Chifley Dam, is a rock and earth-fill embankment dam across the Campbells River in the central west region of New South Wales, Australia. The main purpose of the dam is to supply potable water to the city of Bathurst.
Oberon Dam or Fish River Dam is a major ungated concrete slab and buttress with earth embankment dam comprising a concrete ski jump chute spillway and fuse plug across the Fish River upstream of Oberon in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes flood mitigation, industrial, and water supply. The impounded reservoir is called Lake Oberon.
Brogo Dam is a minor ungated rockfill embankment dam with an uncontrolled unlined rock cut spillway across the Brogo River upstream of Brogo in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's purpose includes environmental flows, hydro-electric power generation, irrigation, and water supply. The impounded reservoir is also called Brogo Dam.
Yellow Pinch Dam is a major off-stream ungated rockfill embankment dam across the Yellow Pinch Creek upstream of Merimbula in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. The dam's main purpose is water supply. The impounded reservoir is also called Yellow Pinch Dam.
Bendeela Pondage, completed in 1972, is an earth and rockfill embankment dam structure located on the Kangaroo River arm of Lake Yarrunga in New South Wales, Australia. It is located between Fitzroy Falls Dam and Tallowa Dam. The pondage, part of the Shoalhaven Scheme, functions as a buffer storage for out-of-balance flow between the two dams during hydro-electric power generation or water pumping at Kangaroo Valley and Bendeela pumping and power stations. The dam has no significant catchment but has been provided with a weir type spillway to protect the dam in the event of operational problems at the two pumping and power stations. The embankment is 15 metres (49 ft) high and 2,118 metres (6,949 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 1,200 megalitres.
Fitzroy Falls Dam in New South Wales, Australia, is part of the Shoalhaven Scheme, completed in 1974. It consists of four separate earth and rockfill embankments located on the Yarrunga Creek upstream of Fitzroy Falls and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southeast of Moss Vale. The main embankment of 760 cubic metres (27,000 cu ft) is 14 metres (46 ft) high and 1,530 metres (5,020 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 9,950 megalitres of water, creating the impounded Fitzroy Falls Reservoir, which has a surface area of 522 hectares, drawn from a catchment area of 31 square kilometres (12 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 516 cubic metres per second (18,200 cu ft/s).
Wingecarribee Dam, completed in 1974 as part of the Shoalhaven Scheme, is an earth and rockfill embankment dam structure located on the Wingecarribee River about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southeast of Bowral in New South Wales, Australia. The embankment of 573 cubic metres (20,200 cu ft) is 19 metres (62 ft) high and 1,140 metres (3,740 ft) in length. At 100% capacity, the dam wall holds back approximately 25,875 megalitres and creates the impounded reservoir of Wingecarribee Reservoir that has a surface area of 625 hectares, drawn from a catchment area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi). The spillway has a discharge capacity of 520 cubic metres per second (18,000 cu ft/s). Wingecarribee Reservoir lost around 9,000 megalitres of storage capacity as a result of the inflow of peat from the Wingecarribee Swamp collapse in August 1998. The original storage capacity was 34,500 megalitres.
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