Class overview | |
---|---|
Builders | Ansaldo, Genoa |
Operators | Regia Marina |
Preceded by | Aquila class |
Succeeded by | La Masa class |
Built | 1914–1917 |
In commission | 1917–1945 |
Planned | 3 |
Completed | 3 |
Lost | 2 |
Scrapped | 1 |
General characteristics (Carlo Mirabello as built) | |
Type | Destroyer |
Displacement | |
Length | 103.75 m (340 ft 5 in) |
Beam | 9.74 m (31 ft 11 in) |
Draught | 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) |
Installed power |
|
Propulsion | 2 shafts; 2 geared steam turbines |
Speed | 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) |
Range | 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
Complement | 8 officers and 161 enlisted men |
Armament |
|
The Mirabello-class were a group of three destroyers (originally scout cruisers) built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) during World War I. Carlo Alberto Racchia was sunk by a mine in the Black Sea during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in 1920. The remaining two ships, obsolescent by 1938, were re-rated as destroyers and participated in World War II. Carlo Mirabello was also lost to a mine while escorting a convoy in 1941. The last surviving ship, Augusto Riboty, was reconfigured as a convoy escort in 1942–1943. The torpedo tubes were removed and depth charges and 20 mm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft guns added. She survived the war and was supposed to be transferred to the Soviet Union as war reparations in 1946, but she was obsolescent so money was accepted instead, and she remained in the italian navy until the early 1950s. The ship was scrapped five years later.
The ships were designed as scout cruisers (esploratori), essentially enlarged versions of contemporary destroyers. [1] They had an overall length of 103.75 meters (340 ft 5 in), a beam of 9.74 meters (31 ft 11 in) and a mean draft of 3.3 meters (10 ft 10 in). [2] They displaced 1,784 tonnes (1,756 long tons ) at standard load, and 2,040 tonnes (2,010 long tons) at deep load. Their complement was 8 officers and 161 enlisted men. [3]
The Mirabellos were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by four Yarrow boilers. The turbines were rated at 44,000 shaft horsepower (33,000 kW ) for a speed of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). [2] The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 2,300 nautical miles (4,300 km; 2,600 mi) at a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). [3]
Their main battery consisted of eight 35-caliber Cannone da 102 mm (4 in)/35 S Modello 1914 guns in single mounts protected by gun shields, one each fore and aft of the superstructure on the centerline and the remaining guns positioned on the broadside amidships. [4] Carlo Mirabello was the only ship completed to this configuration as her sister ships exchanged a 40-caliber Cannone da 152 mm (6 in)/40 A Modello 1891 for the forward 102 mm gun; Carlo Mirabello received hers in 1917. The gun proved to be too heavy for the ships and its rate of fire was too slow. Anti-aircraft (AA) defense for the Mirabello-class ships was provided by a pair of 40-caliber Cannone da 76 mm (3 in)/40 Modello 1916 AA guns in single mounts. [2] They were equipped with four 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes in two twin mounts, one on each broadside. [4] Augusto Riboty could carry 120 mines, although her sisters could only handle 100. [2]
In 1919 the ships were rearmed with eight 45-caliber Cannone da 102/45 S, A Modello 1917 guns arranged as per Carol Mirabello's original configuration. The 76 mm guns were replaced by a pair of 39-caliber Cannone da 40 mm (1.6 in)/39 AA guns in single mounts in 1920–1922. [2]
Ship | Laid down [2] | Launched [2] | Completed [2] | Fate [1] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Carlo Mirabello | 21 November 1914 | 21 December 1915 | 24 August 1916 | Sunk by mines, 21 May 1941 |
Carlo Alberto Racchia | 10 December 1914 | 2 June 1916 | 21 December 1916 | Sunk by mines, 21 June 1920 |
Augusto Riboty | 27 February 1915 | 24 September 1916 | 5 May 1917 | Served in the italian navy until she was scrapped in 1951 |
The Turbine-class destroyer was a group of eight destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the 1920s. The ships played a minor role in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1937, supporting the Nationalists. All the ships of the class were lost during World War II.
The Navigatori class were a group of Italian destroyers built in 1928–1929 for the Regia Marina, named after Italian explorers. They fought in World War II. Just one vessel, Nicoloso Da Recco, survived the conflict.
The Folgore class were a group of four destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the 1930s. None of the ships survived World War II.
The Leone class were a group of destroyers built for the Italian Navy in the early 1920s. Five ships were planned and three completed. All three ships were based at Massawa, Eritrea, during World War II and were sunk during the East African Campaign.
The Francesco Caracciolo-class battleships were a group of four super-dreadnought battleships designed for the Regia Marina in 1913 and ordered in 1914. The first ship of the class, Francesco Caracciolo, was laid down in late 1914; the other three ships, Cristoforo Colombo, Marcantonio Colonna, and Francesco Morosini followed in 1915. Armed with a main battery of eight 381 mm (15 in) guns and possessing a top speed of 28 knots, the four ships were intended to be the equivalent of the fast battleships like the British Queen Elizabeth class.
The Vifor class was a group of four destroyers ordered by Romania in 1913 and built in Italy during the First World War. The four ships were however requisitioned by Italy in 1915 and rearmed as scout cruisers (esploratori), subsequently seeing service in World War I. Two were re-purchased by Romania in 1920 and saw service in World War II. The other two were eventually transferred by Italy to the Spanish Nationalists and saw service during the Spanish Civil War.
The Comandanti Medaglie d'Oro class were a group of 20 destroyers ordered for the Regia Marina during World War II. Nine had been laid down by the time of the Italian armistice in September 1943 and all but one of those ships which had not yet been laid down were cancelled. Of those that had been laid down, none had been launched by that time and all were subsequently scrapped.
The Pisa class consisted of three armored cruisers built in Italy in the first decade of the 20th century. Two of these were for the Royal Italian Navy and the third was sold to the Royal Hellenic Navy and named Georgios Averof. This ship served as the Greek flagship for the bulk of her active career and participated in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, fighting in two battles against the Ottoman Navy. She played a minor role in World War II after escaping from Greece during the German invasion in early 1941. Influenced by communist agitators, her crew mutinied in 1944, but it was suppressed without any bloodshed. Georgios Averof returned to Greece after the German evacuation in late 1944 and became a museum ship in 1952. She is the only surviving armored cruiser in the world.
The Vettor Pisani class consisted of two armoured cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy in the 1890s. The two ships of the class, Vettor Pisani and Carlo Alberto, were frequently deployed overseas during their careers. The former served in the Far East during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 while the latter was involved in pioneering long-range radio experiments several years later before deploying to South American waters. Carlo Alberto then served as a training ship for several years. Both ships participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12 and played minor roles in World War I, during which time Carlo Alberto was converted into a troop transport and Vettor Pisani into a repair ship. They were both discarded in 1920 and subsequently scrapped.
The Italian cruiser San Marco was a San Giorgio-class armoured cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was the first large Italian ship fitted with steam turbines and the first turbine-powered ship in any navy to have four propeller shafts. The ship participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, during which time she supported the occupations of Benghazi and Derna, the island of Rhodes, and bombarded the fortifications defending the entrance to the Dardanelles. During World War I, San Marco's activities were limited by the threat of Austro-Hungarian submarines, although the ship did participate in the bombardment of Durazzo, Albania in late 1918. She played a minor role in the Corfu incident in 1923 and was converted into a target ship in the first half of the 1930s. San Marco was captured by the Germans when they occupied northern Italy in 1943 and was found sunk at the end of the war. The ship was broken up and scrapped in 1949.
The Italian cruiser Pisa was the name ship of her class of two armored cruisers built for the Royal Italian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The ship participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, during which she supported the occupations of Tobruk, Libya and several islands in the Dodecanese and bombarded the fortifications defending the entrance to the Dardanelles. During World War I, Pisa's activities were limited by the threat of Austro-Hungarian submarines, although the ship did participate in the bombardment of Durazzo, Albania in late 1918. After the war she became a training ship and was stricken from the Navy List in 1937 before being scrapped.
Nembo was one of eight Turbine-class destroyer built for the Regia Marina during the 1920s. Her name means nimbus. The ship played a minor role in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1937, supporting the Nationalists.
Euro was one of eight Turbine-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina during the 1920s. She was named after Euro, weak winter easterly wind bringing rain and storms to the Mediterranean.
Pantera was one of three Leone-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the early 1920s.
Tigre was one of three Leone-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the early 1920s.
Leone was the lead ship of her class of three destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the early 1920s.
Augusto Riboty was one of three Mirabello-class scout cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) during World War I. She was in commission from 1917 to 1950, taking part in the Adriatic Campaign of World War I, and during the interwar period she was at Split during postwar unrest there. Reclassified as a destroyer in 1938, she was the most active Italian destroyer of World War II, during which she participated in the Battle of the Mediterranean on the Axis side in the service of Fascist Italy from 1940 to 1943, then on the Allied side from 1943 to 1945 as a unit of the Italian Co-Belligerent Navy. She was scrapped in 1951.
Carlo Alberto Racchia was one of three Mirabello-class scout cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina during World War I. She fought in that war's Adriatic campaign and took part in the largest surface action of the campaign, the Battle of the Strait of Otranto, in May 1917. After the war, she struck a mine and sank in 1920.
Carlo Mirabello was one of three Mirabello-class scout cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina during World War I. She took part in the Adriatic campaign of World War I, seeing action in the largest surface action of that campaign, the Battle of the Strait of Otranto, in May 1917. During the interwar period, she made a cruise to 19 countries and took part in the Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War, and she was reclassified as a destroyer in 1938. During World War II, she fought in the Battle of the Mediterranean, taking part in the Adriatic campain and operating in the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea until she struck a mine and sank in 1941.