Mohammad Bagheri (general)

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Mohammad Bagheri
Mohammad Bagheri 2019.jpg
Bagheri in 2019
Native name
محمد باقری
Birth nameMohammad-Hossein Afshordi [1]
Born1960 (1960) [2]
Tehran, Iran [3]
Died13 June 2025 (aged 64–65)
Tehran, Iran
Cause of death Assassination by airstrike
AllegianceFlag of Iran.svg Iran
BranchFlag of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg IRGC
Years of service1979–2025
Rank Major general
Commands
Battles / wars
Awards Fath Medal.jpg Order of Fath (3)
Order of Nasr Ribbon.svg Order of Nasr

Mohammad Bagheri (Persian : محمد باقری, 1960 – 13 June 2025; born Mohammad-Hossein Afshordi [5] Persian : محمدحسین افشردی) was an Iranian military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), who served as the Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces from 2016 to 2025. [6] The chief of staff is considered the highest ranking military officer in the Islamic Republic of Iran and is responsible for the coordination and supervision of Iran’s regular army (Artesh) and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). [7] Bagheri was killed along with other senior officers during a series of airstrikes launched by Israel on 13 June 2025. [8] He was the highest ranking military officer in Iran at the time of his death. [9]

Contents

Mohammad Bagheri was one of Iran's most prominent military commanders and served as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2016 until his death in June 2025. He was born into a revolutionary and religious family in Tehran. He was the younger brother of Hassan Bagheri (Gholamhossein Afshordi), the founder of the IRGC's Operations Intelligence Unit. Mohammad Bagheri played a key role in strengthening Iran's defense capabilities, with more than 45 years of service in the IRGC. He was killed in the early hours of Friday, June 13, 2025, at the age of 65, following an attack on Tehran by Israel. [10]

Bagheri began his military career in 1979 with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and served during the Iran-Iraq War. [11] From 2002 to 2014, he was the Deputy for Information and Operations of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Additionally, he served as the Deputy Coordinator of the Khatam ol-Anbiya Central Headquarters from 2007 to 2016. Between 2014 and 2016, he held the position of Deputy for Joint Affairs and Structures of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. [12]

He was a lecturer at Tarbiat Modares University and a faculty member of the Supreme National Defense University of Iran. [13] The United States Department of the Treasury placed him on its sanctions list in November 2019. [14] [15] The Canadian government sanctioned him for human rights violations in Iran on October 3, 2022. [16] [17] The European Union also sanctioned him in October 2022 for sending a drone to Russia for use in the invasion of Ukraine. [18] [16]

Personal life

Bagheri was born in 1960. [2] His elder brother, Hassan Bagheri, was a commander in the Iran–Iraq War, in which he was killed in action. [4]

Mohammad Bagheri (Mohammad Hossein Afshordi) was born in 1960 near the Khorasan Square in Tehran, Iran and spent his childhood and adolescence there. His family origins trace back to the village of Afshord in Heris County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Mohammad Bagheri began his career in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in 1979 as a member of the IRGC's personnel unit and later served in the intelligence and operations unit during the Iran-Iraq War. [19]

Educations

Mohammad Bagheri was in his final year of high school at the time of the Iranian revolution. After the revolution, he switched to technical courses at the university and was accepted into the Mechanical Engineering Department of the Polytechnic University. He continued his studies until the Cultural Revolution. Iran universities were closed in the spring of 1980 due to the Cultural Revolution. Bagheri began working in the IRGC in the summer of 1980. [12]

Bagheri holds a PhD in political geography from Tarbiat Modares University and is a former faculty member of the Supreme National Defense University. In addition to his executive responsibilities, he taught at both the Supreme National Defense University and Tarbiat Modares University as a full professor. [20] Bagheri is one of the founders of the Iranian Association of Geopolitics, alongside Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Yahya Rahim Safavi, and Gholam Ali Rashid. [21]

Careers

Mohammad Bagheri, a military intelligence expert with experience dating back to the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), [22] held a Ph.D. in political geography and reportedly taught at Iran's Supreme National Defense University. [4] In 1980, he joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). [23]

Bagheri was a member of a group identified by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) as the IRGC Command Network, which included other commanders such as Mohammad Ali Jafari, Ali Fadavi, and Gholam Ali Rashid (who was also killed on 13 June 2025). According to AEI's Critical Threats Project, as of 2016 the group dominated “the upper echelons of Iran's military and controls planning, operations, intelligence, covert and irregular warfare operations, and internal security." [24] He was promoted from his previous position as deputy chief of staff for intelligence and operations in the General Staff of Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran [4] on 28 June 2016, replacing Hassan Firouzabadi. [25]

Bagheri with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on 22 September 2018 2018 Sacred Defence Week parade (320).jpg
Bagheri with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on 22 September 2018
Bagheri with Qasem Soleimani and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on 11 March 2019 Qasem Soleimani received Zolfaghar Order from Ali Khamenei 2.jpg
Bagheri with Qasem Soleimani and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on 11 March 2019
Bagheri with Saudi Arabia's Defense Minister Khalid bin Salman and Ayatollah Khamenei on 17 April 2025 tqdym pym pdshh `rbstn bh rhbr nqlb 07.jpg
Bagheri with Saudi Arabia's Defense Minister Khalid bin Salman and Ayatollah Khamenei on 17 April 2025

In October 2017, he visited Iranian troops in Aleppo province in northern Syria. [26]

In February 2022, Bagheri announced that Iran would continue advancing its ballistic missile programme, both "in terms of quantity and quality". [27]

On 21 October 2022, a White House press release stated that Iranian troops were in Crimea assisting Russia in launching drone attacks. [28] Bagheri was the commander overseeing the Iranian army branches supplying Russia with drones. [29]

On 3 December 2023, Bagheri suggested during meetings in Baghdad that Iran might directly intervene in the escalating tensions with the United States, in support of efforts to expel American forces from the region. [30]

On 17 April 2025, Bagheri held talks in Tehran with Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Defense, Khalid bin Salman Al Saud, in the highest profile talks between the two countries in decades. [31]

Mohammad Bagheri held significant responsibilities during the Iran-Iraq War. After the war ended, he remained committed to his path and continued to serve the Islamic Republic of Iran. His military and academic background includes: [32]

Military records

Mohammad Bagheri's major military activities are as follows: [10] [33]

Mohammad Bagheri receiving the rank of Major General from the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2008. srlshkhr mHmd bqry ry'ys jdyd std khl nyrwhy mslH-17.jpg
Mohammad Bagheri receiving the rank of Major General from the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2008.

Military rank

Mohammad Bagheri received the rank of Major General from the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2008. Bagheri was promoted to the rank of Major General in 2008, alongside Mostafa Izadi. [12] He is one of the few Iranian military commanders to have attained the rank of Major General before serving as Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, or Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. [34]

Chief of Staff

Mohammad Bagheri at the Armed Forces Logistic's Defense Achievements Exhibition, December 05, 2019. Opening of exhibition of Defense Industries Organization achievements (10).jpg
Mohammad Bagheri at the Armed Forces Logistic's Defense Achievements Exhibition, December 05, 2019.

Mohammad Bagheri replaced Hassan Firouzabadi as Chief of Staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran on June 28, 2016, by order of Iranian Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei. [13] He previously served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence and Operations, as well as Deputy Chief of Staff for Joint Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces. [12] [35]

From 2002 to 2016, Mohammad Bagheri served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence and Operations of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and as Deputy Coordinator of the Khatam-al Anbiya Central Headquarters, where he renovated the intelligence and operational structures of the Armed Forces of Iran. During his tenure as Chief of Staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (from June 28, 2016, to June 13, 2025), Bagheri played a significant role in integrating intelligence, developing missile capabilities, strengthening cyber warfare capacities, and advancing Iran’s cross-border operations. By formulating and presenting new, scientific security theories, he contributed substantially to the strategic enhancement of the Iranian Defense Forces. Bagheri has been a fundamental and key figure in advancing Iran’s military self-sufficiency. [10]

Mohammad Bagheri's innovative initiatives during his tenure as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran included strengthening cyber infrastructure and developing indigenous technologies, such as drones and missile systems. He accelerated the advancement of the scientific and operational capabilities of the Armed Forces of Iran by emphasizing the education and training of specialized personnel. As a researcher in political geography and geopolitics, Bagheri also provided critical analyses that contributed to the development of Iran's grand defense strategies. His establishment of the Iranian Association of Geopolitics and participation in scientific conferences demonstrated his commitment to integrating theoretical knowledge with practical experience in the defense system of Iran. [10] [36] [37]

Awards and badges

This section includes Mohammad Bagheri's official insignia and awards, which were worn on his uniform. His civilian and unofficial awards are not listed here. [10]

Emblems of the arm
Iran Chief of Staff of Armed Forces.svg
Badges bar
Order of Fat'h (1st Class).svg
Order of Nasr Ribbon (2nd Class).svg Order of Fat'h (3rd Class).svg Order of Fat'h (3rd Class).svg
Names of badges
Order of Fath (Grade 1)
Order of Nasr (Grade 2) Order of Fath (Grade 3) Order of Fath (Grade 3)

Scientific records

Mohammad Bagheri's major scientific and academic activities are as follows: [10]

Publications

Mohammad Bagheri has published works on the geopolitics of the Caucasus, the West Asian region, and international maritime law in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz, including the following: [10]

  • A study and analysis of the US preventive war guidelines in Southwest Asia
  • Determining the factors affecting the principles of the operational guidelines of the Islamic Republic of Iran's ground forces in asymmetric and symmetric combat
  • Military strategies for confronting a possible future US war against the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf
  • The function of the Taliban deterrence model in the US preventive war against Afghanistan in 2001 (with an emphasis on internal Afghan factors)
  • Explanation of effective indicators in border management
  • Geopolitical threats affecting the formulation of the defense strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Towards Turkey
  • The impact of Shiite geopolitical factors on the expansion of the influence of the Islamic Revolution
  • Determining the geopolitical factors of Turkey affecting the formulation of the defense strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Sustainable security in the geopolitical region of the Persian Gulf in light of the instability of convergent and divergent forces
  • Explanation of the boundaries of the computer space and their management strategy
  • The structure of the regional power system in the Middle East (with emphasis on the superior countries of the region)
  • A theoretical model for designing a defense strategy based on geopolitical factors
  • Investigating the degree of conformity and differences between the law of the maritime zones of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman (1993) and the Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)
  • Analysis of the geopolitical situation of the Caucasus; a platform for formulating a more appropriate foreign policy in the region
  • Determining the geopolitical factors of Turkey affecting the formulation of the defense strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Explanation of the political outcome of transferring the exploitation of the Makran coast to domestic investment

* Note: Most of Bagheri's writings is in Persian language, but some of them translated into English too.

Thoughts

Major general Mohammad Bagheri, brigadier general Habibollah Sayyari and brigadier general Abdolrahim Mousavi reviewing plans in the "Velayat-90 Naval Exercise", December 2011. Bagheri, Sayyari and Mousavi in Velayat-90 Naval Exercise.jpg
Major general Mohammad Bagheri, brigadier general Habibollah Sayyari and brigadier general Abdolrahim Mousavi reviewing plans in the "Velayat-90 Naval Exercise", December 2011.

One of the topics discussed regarding Bagheri is his strategic theories, including the "Makran Coast Development Plan" and even a futuristic vision for the "Antarctica". As the Deputy Chief of Staff for Joint Affairs of the Armed Forces of Iran, Bagheri presented his ideas at the closing ceremony of the "First National Conference on Science, Marine Industries and Sustainable Development of the Makoran Coast", [38] held in Chabahar, on the "Development of the Makran Coast" and the "Maritime Power of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Bagheri stated there: [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]

"We have direct access to the open waters of Antarctica from the coast of Makran, with no land obstructing the way. Additionally, we can claim sovereignty over a portion of Antarctica in accordance with international law."

War

On the night of Saturday, September 26, 2020, at the start of a television program on the Channel IRIB TV1 of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Radio and Television Department, Major General Bagheri addressed the reasons behind the war imposed on the Iranian nation by Iraq. He stated there: [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69]

"War is a sinister and unjustifiable phenomenon that humans should reject, especially the Iranian nation, which has a rich and proud history. The Iran-Iraq War was a conflict imposed on the Iranian people. A review of Iran’s 200-year history shows that the Iranian nation has never been aggressive or initiated war. The eight-year conflict between us and Iraq, was a defensive struggle for us in which Iran was solely protecting itself.

— "Negah-e Yek Program", IRIB TV1, Islamic Republic of Iran Television, Saturday night, September 26, 2020.

Name change

The older brother of Mohammad Bagheri (born Mohammad Hossein Afshordi), was Hassan Bagheri (born Gholamhossein Afshordi). Hassan Bagheri was the first head of intelligence and operations for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Mohammad Bagheri provided the following explanation for changing his surname from "Afshordi" to "Bagheri": [70] [71] [72] [73]

In the first month of the Iran-Iraq war, I went to Ahvaz and appeared on the Khuzestan front. My brother reminded me that his name had been changed to "Hassan Bagheri" at the front to avoid identification, and since your name was Afshordi, we should not be confused. I tried to use my real name, but our faces were so similar that everyone realized we were brothers. At the same time, Gholamhossein was very insistent that his name remain undisclosed. To protect his identity, I also changed my name and became "Mohammad Bagheri". Out of respect for my brother, this name stayed with us. Davoud Karimi, then head of Southern Operations, would later joke with us, saying, "Cousin's brother."

Sanctions

On 8 April 2019, the United States designated Iran's Revolutionary Guards as a foreign terrorist organization. [74] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel immediately thanked President Donald Trump on Twitter. [74] Bagheri said, "We consider the U.S. troops in West Asia to be terrorists and if they do a damn thing, we will confront them vigorously." [75]

In 2022, following harsh suppression of Iranian protesters during the Mahsa Amini protests, Bagheri was sanctioned by the United States and Canada. [76] He was also sanctioned by the United Kingdom in 2022 in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War. [77]

In October 2022, the European Union sanctioned Bagheri for his involvement in providing drones to Russia, used in attacks against Ukraine. The sanctions included asset freezes and travel bans. Bagheri publicly mocked the EU sanctions, saying:

"I have a humanitarian proposal for the European Union. I give them the permission to confiscate all the properties and assets of Maj. Gen. Mohammad Bagheri from all bank accounts in the world and use them to buy coal for European citizens. A difficult winter is ahead". [78] [79] [80]

The EU Council Decision stated that Bagheri had played a key role in strengthening defence cooperation with Russia. The report says "He also participated in the development of Mohajer-6 drones and their supply to the Russian Federation for their use in the war of aggression against Ukraine. Therefore, Major-General Mohammad Hossein Bagheri is responsible for supporting actions which undermine or threaten the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine." [81]

Role in Key Military Operations

Bagheri commanded pivotal Iran-Iraq War operations, including Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas (1982) and Operation Dawn 8 (1986), which reclaimed strategic territories in western Iran. [82]

Contributions to Missile & Drone Programs

As Deputy for Strategic Planning (2000s), Bagheri oversaw advancements in Iran’s ballistic missile and drone programs, later central to its “missile shield” doctrine. [83]

Strategic Doctrines on U.S./Israel

Bagheri has consistently promoted “asymmetric deterrence,” stating in a 2021 speech: “Threats must be neutralized at their origin.” [84]

Death

Commemoration ceremony for Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri, Tuesday, July 08, 2025, Sadrieh Mosque, Tehran. Commemoration Ceremony of Martyr Lieutenant General Bagheri 2025 Avash 11.jpg
Commemoration ceremony for Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri, Tuesday, July 08, 2025, Sadrieh Mosque, Tehran.

Bagheri was killed by the June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran, reported both Iranian state media and the Israeli military; he was succeeded by Abdolrahim Mousavi. [85] [86] His funeral held on 28 June was set to take place along with those of all the top commanders killed during the Iran–Israel war. [87]

Bagheri was targeted in his home during Israeli airstrikes on Iran in the early hours of Friday (Day off of the week in Iran), June 13, 2025, and was killed along with his wife, Ashraf Bagheri, [10] and his daughter, Fereshteh Bagheri. [88]

The body of Mohammad Bagheri (Afshordi) was buried in "Plot 24" of the "Behesht-e Zahra Martyrs' Garden" in Tehran, alongside the bodies of his wife, Ashraf Bagheri (Afshordi), and his daughter, Fereshteh Bagheri (Afshordi). [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94]

Commemoration Ceremony

A commemoration ceremony for Mohammad Bagheri was held on Tuesday, July 08, 2025, at the "Sadrieh Mosque" in Tehran. The event was attended by commanders, military and civil officials, as well as the people of Tehran. [95] [96]

Fortieth Day Ceremony

The ceremony commemorating the 40th day since the dying of Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri, along with his wife, Ashraf Bagheri, and his daughter, Fereshteh Bagheri, was held on Thursday evening, July 24, 2025, with the presence of the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran and the Chief of Staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. [97] [98]

The ceremony was attended by Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, the Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly; Major General Abdolrahim Mousavi, Chief of Staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Major General Amir Hatami, Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army; Esmail Qaani, Commander of the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; Hossein Simaee Sarraf, Minister of Science, Research, and Technology; Major General Mohammad Pakpour, Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC); Brigadier General Hamid Vahedi, Commander of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force; Abdullah Haji Sadeghi, Representative of the Supreme Leader of Iran in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC); Abdolali Govahi, Head of Political Ideology of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Fathollah Jafari, Head of the Foundation for the Preservation of Hassan Bagheri's Works; Abolghasem Foroutan, Head of the Office of the Chief of Staff of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran; and Hossein Rahimi, Head of the Economic Security Police of Iran, at the "Hazrat-e Amir Mosque" located in the "Amirabad" area of Tehran. [99] [100]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Arash Karami (28 June 2016). "Khamenei appoints new head of Iran's armed forces". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  2. 1 2 Elimam, Ahmed; Taha, Jaidaa (13 June 2025). "Iranian commanders and nuclear scientists killed in Israeli strikes". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  3. ↑ https://farsnews.ir/politics/1467201060000558932
  4. 1 2 3 4 Who Is Iran's New Armed Forces Chief of Staff?, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 5 July 2016, retrieved 1 March 2017
  5. ↑ Later changed his last name to his mother's last name after the death of his father.
  6. ↑ "If ISIS attacks Baghdad, Iran will intervene militarily, says Iranian general". IranGeo. 3 December 2016. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017.
  7. ↑ "Major General Mohammad Bagheri: Chief of Staff of Iran's Armed Forces" [سرلشکر محمد باقری: رئیس ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  8. ↑ "Top Iranian military commanders killed in Israeli strikes: Who were they?". The Indian Express. 13 June 2025.
  9. ↑ "Who were the Iranian commanders killed in Israel's attack?". BBC. 13 June 2025.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "زندگینامه شهید محمد باقری" [Biography of Martyr Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  11. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری را بهتر بشناسید" [Get to know Major General Bagheri better] (in Persian). Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "آشنایی با سوابق و تفکرات سرلشکر باقری؛ رئیس جدید ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح" [Getting to know the background and thoughts of Major General Bagheri; the new Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  13. 1 2 "انتصاب سرلشکر باقری به ریاست ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح" [Appointment of Major General Bagheri as Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  14. ↑ "آمریکا فرزند و شماری از نزدیکان خامنه‌ای را تحریم کرد" [US sanctions Khamenei's son and a number of his close associates] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  15. ↑ "آمریکا فرزند و شماری از نزدیکان خامنه‌ای را تحریم کرد" [US sanctions Khamenei's son and a number of his close associates] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  16. 1 2 "کانادا ۳۴ فرد و نهاد وابسته به حکومت ایران را به بهانه‌های واهی تحریم کرد" [Canada sanctions 34 individuals and entities affiliated with the Iranian government under false pretenses] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  17. ↑ "کانادا ۹ نهاد و ۲۵ فرد را به‌دلیل نقض حقوق بشر در ایران و سرکوب اعتراضات تحریم کرد" [Canada sanctions 9 entities and 25 individuals for human rights violations in Iran and suppression of protests] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  18. ↑ "وزارت خزانه‌داری حلقه نزدیکان رهبر جمهوری اسلامی را که در پیشبرد سرکوب داخلی و خارجی مسئول هستند، تحریم می‌کند" [Treasury Sanctions Islamic Republic Leader's Close Circle Responsible for Advancing Domestic and Foreign Repression] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  19. ↑ "شهید باقری را بیشتر بشناسید" [Get to know more about Shahid Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  20. ↑ "بُرشی از زندگینامه و سوابق خدمتی و تحصیلی سرلشکر محمد باقری" [A snippet from the biography, service and educational background of Major General Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  21. ↑ "هیات مدیره انجمن ژئوپلیتیک ایران" [Board of Directors of the Iranian Association of Geopolitics] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  22. ↑ A New Military Chief Rises in Iran, Stratfor, 8 July 2016, archived from the original on 9 July 2016
  23. ↑ Nadimi, Farzin. "Who Is Iran's New Armed Forces Chief of Staff?". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
  24. ↑ Fulton, Will. "IRGC Command Network: Formal Structures and Informal Influence" (PDF). AEI Critical Threats Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2016.
  25. ↑ Erdbrink, Thomas, Iran’s Supreme Leader Shakes Up Military Command New York Times , 28 June 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  26. ↑ "Protests Put Spotlight on Iran's Vast and Shadowy Syria War". Voice of America. 5 January 2018.
  27. ↑ "Iran commander says Tehran will continue advancing its missile program – Tasnim". Reuters. 9 February 2022.
  28. ↑ Madhani, Aamer; Miller, Zeke (21 October 2022). "US: Iranian troops in Crimea backing Russian drone strikes". AP News.
  29. ↑ "U.S. says Iranian troops "directly engaged" in Crimea, backing Russian drone strikes". CBS News. 20 October 2022.
  30. ↑ "Iran Update". Institute for the Study of War. 3 December 2023.
  31. ↑ "Saudi defense minister visits Iran in highest-level trip in decades as nuclear talks proceed". Egypt Independent. 17 April 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
  32. ↑ "حضور مادر سردار باقری در بهشت زهرا (س) برای بدرقه پیکر فرزند" [Sardar Bagheri's mother attends Behesht Zahra (PBUH) to see off her son's body] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  33. ↑ "زندگی‌نامه شهید سرلشکر محمد باقری؛ پاسدار حماسه‌ها" [Biography of Martyr Major General Mohammad Bagheri; Guardian of Epics] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  34. ↑ "باقری به جای فیروزآبادی رئیس ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران شد" [Bagheri replaces Firouzabadi as Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  35. ↑ "فیروز‌آبادی به خاطر حمایت از برجام برکنار شد" [Firouzabadi was dismissed for supporting the JCPOA] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  36. ↑ "ایران با رونمایی از پهپادهای عمودپرواز، بازدارندگی خود را افزایش داد" [Iran has increased its deterrence by unveiling vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drones.] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  37. ↑ "بیوگرافی سرلشگر محمد باقری" [Biography of Major General Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  38. ↑ "First National Conference on Science, Marine Industries and Sustainable Development of the Makoran Coast" [اولین همایش ملی علوم، صنایع دریایی و توسعه پایدار سواحل مکران]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  39. ↑ "اولین همایش ملی توسعه سواحل مکران و اقتدار دریایی جمهوری اسلامی ایران" [The First National Conference on the Development of Makran Coasts and the Maritime Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  40. ↑ "How Iran Could Claim a Slice of Antarctica" [چگونه ایران می‌تواند ادعای مالکیت بخشی از قطب جنوب را داشته باشد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  41. ↑ "Final Report of the Thirty-first Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting" [گزارش نهایی سی و یکمین نشست مشورتی پیمان قطب جنوب](PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  42. ↑ "واکنش آمریکا به تمایل ایران برای فعالیت در قطب جنوب" [US reaction to Iran's desire to operate in Antarctica] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  43. ↑ "ایران می تواند بر قطب جنوب ادعای حاکمیت کند" [Iran could claim sovereignty over Antarctica] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  44. ↑ "حضور در قطب جنوب، هدف بزرگ و در دسترس نیروی دریایی ارتش" [Presence in Antarctica is a great and achievable goal for the Iranian Navy] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  45. ↑ "ایران مالک بخشی از قطب جنوب خواهد شد" [Iran will own part of Antarctica] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  46. ↑ "پاسخ خاضعانه ناوهای آمریکا به ایران / می‌توانیم در بخشی از قطب جنوب ادعای حاکمیت کنیم" [US ships' humble response to Iran / We can claim sovereignty over part of Antarctica] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  47. ↑ "پاسخ خاضعانه ناوهای آمریکا به ایران / می‌توانیم در بخشی از قطب جنوب ادعای حاکمیت کنیم" [US ships' humble response to Iran / We can claim sovereignty over part of Antarctica] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  48. ↑ "ایران هیچگاه آغازگرجنگ نبوده / تولید سامانه‌های دفاعی ادامه می‌یابد" [Iran has never initiated war / Production of defense systems continues] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  49. ↑ "Attacking Iran and Tempting Fate" [حمله به ایران و وسوسه سرنوشت]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  50. ↑ "Any Attack Will Be Met with Forceful Response" [هرگونه تجاوزی با پاسخ کوبنده مواجه خواهد شد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  51. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: هیچ‌گاه آغازگر جنگ نبوده‌ایم / دفاع مقدس یک بازدارندگی بی‌نظیر ایجاد کرده است / برخی به دنبال تحریف فرهنگ دفاع مقدس هستند" [Major General Bagheri: We have never initiated war / The Sacred Defense has created an unparalleled deterrent / Some seek to distort the culture of the Sacred Defense] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  52. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: با کسی جنگ نداریم و نخواهیم داشت" [Major General Bagheri: We are not at war with anyone and we will not be at war with anyone] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  53. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: دفاع مقدس و مقاومت مردم نگاه‌های جهانی را به ایران تغییر داد" [Major General Bagheri: The Sacred Defense and People's Resistance Changed the World's Views on Iran] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  54. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: با کسی جنگ نداریم و نخواهیم داشت" [Major General Bagheri: We are not at war with anyone and we will not be at war with anyone] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  55. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: در دفاع مقدس با یک ائتلاف بین المللی جنگیدیم" [Major General Bagheri: We fought with an international coalition in the Sacred Defense] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  56. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری: دشمنان ما احمق هستند" [Major General Bagheri: Our enemies are fools] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  57. ↑ "Military Chief: Iran Not to Initiate War, But Ever-Ready to Defend" [فرمانده کل نظامی: ایران آغازگر جنگ نیست، اما همواره آماده دفاع است]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  58. ↑ "Top Iranian general warns of 'crushing, irreversible' retaliation amid U.S. provocations" [ژنرال ارشد ایرانی در بحبوحه تحریکات ایالات متحده، نسبت به انتقام «خردکننده و غیرقابل بازگشت» هشدار داد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  59. ↑ "Iran will not initiate war, but will respond decisively to any aggression: Top general" [ایران آغازگر جنگ نخواهد بود، اما به هرگونه تجاوزی قاطعانه پاسخ خواهد داد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  60. ↑ "No military can overcome Iran's defense power" [هیچ نیروی نظامی نمی‌تواند بر قدرت دفاعی ایران غلبه کند]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  61. ↑ "Iran ready to firmly defend its interests in Persian Gulf" [ایران آماده دفاع قاطع از منافع خود در خلیج فارس است]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  62. ↑ "'Iran will not tolerate hegemony and interventions of transregional powers' Maj. Gen. Bagheri" [سرلشکر باقری: ایران سلطه‌گری و مداخلات قدرت‌های فرامنطقه‌ای را تحمل نخواهد کرد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  63. ↑ "Iran says 'fully prepared' for military confrontation" [ایران می‌گوید برای رویارویی نظامی «کاملاً آماده» است]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  64. ↑ "Sacred Defence, guarantees Iran security: Maj Gen Bagheri" [سرلشکر باقری: دفاع مقدس، ضامن امنیت ایران است]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  65. ↑ "Iran Ready to Firmly Defend its Interests in Persian Gulf: Gen. Bagheri" [سرلشکر باقری: ایران آماده دفاع قاطع از منافع خود در خلیج فارس است]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  66. ↑ "Major General Mohammad Bagheri" [سرلشکر محمد باقری]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  67. ↑ "IRGC conducts tactical drills in Southern Iran" [رزمایش تاکتیکی سپاه در جنوب ایران برگزار شد]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  68. ↑ "Top Iranian Generals Killed in the Israeli Attack" [ژنرال‌های ارشد ایرانی در حمله اسرائیل کشته شدند]. Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  69. ↑ "Iran army chief threatens to 'teach Israel a good lesson' after tanker targeted" [فرمانده ارتش ایران پس از هدف قرار گرفتن نفتکش، تهدید کرد که «درس خوبی به اسرائیل خواهد داد»] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  70. ↑ "ماجرای تغییر نام غلام حسین افشردی به حسن باقری" [The story of Gholam Hossein Afshardi changing his name to Hassan Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  71. ↑ "خانواده شهیدان باقری: از دختر و همسر شهید محمد باقری تا همسر شهید حسن باقری" [The family of martyrs Bagheri: from the daughter and wife of martyr Mohammad Bagheri to the wife of martyr Hassan Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  72. ↑ "ماجرای تغییر دادن نام خانوادگی / شهید «محمد باقری» که بود؟" [The story of changing the last name / Who was the martyr "Mohammad Bagheri"?] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  73. ↑ "اختلاف سلیقه بین ارتش و سپاه طبیعی است / هشدار به تروریستها در خصوص عتبات عالیات در عراق" [Differences in taste between the army and the IRGC are natural / Warning to terrorists regarding holy shrines in Iraq] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  74. 1 2 Wong, Edward; Schmitt, Eric (8 April 2019). "Trump Designates Iran's Revolutionary Guards a Foreign Terrorist Group". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 June 2025.
  75. ↑ O'Connor, Tom (11 April 2019). "Iran says it will help Revolutionary Guards fight 'terrorist' U.S. military; allies offer their support". Newsweek.
  76. ↑ Robertson, Josh (13 June 2025). "Soldiers and scientists the faces of the dead in aftermath of Israel's strike on Iran". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  77. ↑ "Bagheri Mohammad". FCDO − UK Sanctions List.
  78. ↑ Ryerson, Hayley; Reich, Philippe (4 November 2022). "Switzerland Subjects Iranian Designated Parties to its Russia Sanctions". Global Sanctions and Export Controls Blog. Switzerland.
  79. ↑ "Iran's top general mocks being put on EU sanctions list". Mehr News Agency. 24 October 2022.
  80. ↑ Jankowicz, Mia (20 October 2022). "The EU agreed to slap sanctions on Iran for supplying Russia drones that it used to bombard Ukraine". Business Insider.
  81. ↑ "Official Journal L 272I/2022". Official Journal of the European Union.
  82. ↑ "ویژه عملیات والفجر ۸" [Special Operation Walfajr 8] (in Persian). Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  83. ↑ "نقش باقری در صنایع دفاعی - رادیو فردا" [Bagheri's role in defense industries - Radio Farda] (in Persian). Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  84. ↑ "Iranian general Bagheri discusses asymmetric deterrence strategy" [سرلشکر باقری استراتژی بازدارندگی نامتقارن را مورد بحث قرار داد]. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
  85. ↑ Regalado, Francesca; Ward, Euan (13 June 2025). "These Are the Top Iranian Generals and Scientists Killed by Israel". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  86. ↑ Adkin, Ross; Michaelis, Tamar; Ebrahim, Nadeen (13 June 2025). "Israeli strikes kill some of Iran's most powerful men, including military and nuclear leaders". CNN. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  87. ↑ "Iran to hold funerals for top commanders, scientists killed in Israel strikes: State media". Al Arabiya English. 25 June 2025. Retrieved 25 June 2025.
  88. ↑ "سرلشکر باقری در حمله تروریستی اسرائیل به شهادت رسید" [Major General Baqeri martyred in Israeli terrorist attack] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  89. ↑ "سپهبد شهید محمد باقری در قطعه ۲۴ بهشت زهرا خاکسپاری شد" [Martyr Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri was buried in Plot 24 of Behesht Zahra] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  90. ↑ "پیکر سپهبد شهید محمد باقری در قطعه ۲۴ گلزار شهدای بهشت زهرا دفن شد" [The body of Martyr Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri was buried in plot 24 of the Behesht Zahra Martyrs' Cemetery.] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  91. ↑ "تشییع و تدفین پیکر سپهبد شهید محمد باقری در بهشت زهرا (س)" [Funeral and burial of the body of Martyr Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri in Behesht Zahra (PBUH)] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  92. ↑ "شهیدان حاجی‌زاده و باقری در بهشت زهرا آرام گرفتند" [Martyrs Hajizadeh and Bagheri rest in peace in Behesht Zahra] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  93. ↑ "تدفین سپهبد شهید محمد باقری و همسر و دختر شهیدش" [Burial of Martyr Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri and his wife and daughter] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  94. ↑ "تشییع پیکر شهید محمد باقری در معراج شهدای بهشت‌زهرا" [Funeral of Martyr Mohammad Bagheri in the Ascension of the Martyrs of Behesht Zahra] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  95. ↑ "آئین گرامی‌داشت سپهبد شهید محمد باقری برگزار شد" [Ceremony held to commemorate martyred Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  96. ↑ "مراسم بزرگداشت شهید سپهبد باقری" [Commemoration ceremony of Martyr Lieutenant General Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  97. ↑ "مراسم بزرگداشت چهلمین روز عروج آسمانی سردار سپهبد شهید محمد باقری" [Ceremony commemorating the 40th day of the ascension of Martyr Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  98. ↑ "بزرگداشت چهلمین روز شهادت سپهبد «محمد باقری»" [Commemoration of the 40th day of the martyrdom of Lieutenant General "Mohammed Bagheri"] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  99. ↑ "مراسم چهلمین روز شهادت سپهبد باقری برگزار شد" [Ceremony held to mark 40th anniversary of martyrdom of Lieutenant General Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
  100. ↑ "مراسم بزرگداشت چهلمین روز شهادت سپهبد محمد باقری" [Ceremony commemorating the 40th anniversary of the martyrdom of Lieutenant General Mohammad Bagheri] (in Persian). Retrieved 28 July 2025.
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