Msta

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Msta
Msta River Rapids.jpg
Rapids of the Msta
Native nameМста (Russian)
Location
Country Russia
Physical characteristics
Source 
  location Lake Mstino
  elevation150 m (490 ft)
Mouth Lake Ilmen
  coordinates
58°24′56″N31°20′18″E / 58.41556°N 31.33833°E / 58.41556; 31.33833
  elevation
18 m (59 ft)
Length445 km (277 mi) [1]
Basin size23,300 km2 (9,000 sq mi) [1]
Discharge 
  average202 m3/s (7,100 cu ft/s) [1]
Basin features
Progression Lake IlmenVolkhovLake LadogaNevaGulf of Finland
The Volkhov River drainage basin. The Msta is shown on the map. Volkhov-Ilmen eng.png
The Volkhov River drainage basin. The Msta is shown on the map.

The Msta ( ‹See Tfd› Russian : Мста) is a river in Tver and Novgorod Oblasts of northwestern Russia, a tributary of Lake Ilmen. It is 445 kilometres (277 mi) long, and the area of its basin 23,300 square kilometres (9,000 sq mi). The principal tributaries of the Msta are the Berezayka (left), the Uver (right), the Peretna (left), and the Kholova (left). The town of Borovichi and the urban-type settlement of Lyubytino are located on the banks of the Msta.

The source of the Msta is in Lake Mstino in the Valdai Hills immediately north of the town of Vyshny Volochyok. The river flows north, accepts the Berezayka from the left, and enters Novgorod Oblast. There, it accepts the Uver from the right and turns northwest. Downstream from the town of Borovichi, it forms the border between Borovichsky and Okulovsky Districts, and further downstream between Okulovsky and Lyubytinsky districts. It departs from the border to the north, and downstream of the settlement of Lyubytino sharply turns southwest. It makes one more curve at the border with Krestetsky District and has its mouth downstream of the settlement of Proletariy.

The river basin of the Msta is vast and comprises the eastern part of Novgorod Oblast and the areas in the northern part of Tver Oblast. The towns of Borovichi, Bologoye, Udomlya, Okulovka, and Valday lie in the river basin of the Msta.

Up to mid-19th century, Msta, which belongs to the river basin of the Neva, had been a part of an important water trade route connecting the Baltic and Caspian seas due to the very short distance between the Tsna, then the tributary of Lake Mstino, and the Tvertsa, a left tributary of the Volga. The portage between these lakes existed from the Middle Ages. In the beginning of the 18th century, Vyshny Volochyok Waterway was constructed, connecting the Msta and the Tvertsa. [2] By the middle of the 19th century, after opening of the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway, the significance of the Msta as a transport route has decreased.

It is also notable for the rapids in a 30-kilometre (19 mi) section between Opechensky Posad and Borovichi, and is a popular rafting route.

The lowest 134 kilometres (83 mi) of the Msta, downstream of the selo of Mstinsky Most, are listed as navigable in the State Water Register of Russia.

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The Kholova is a river in Krestetsky and Malovishersky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Msta. It is 126 kilometres (78 mi) long, and the area of its basin 1,900 square kilometres (730 sq mi). The principal tributaries of the Kholova are the Khuba (right) and the Moshnya (left). The urban-type settlement of Kresttsy is located on the Kholova.

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The Shlina is a river in Firovsky, Bologovsky, and Vyshnevolotsky Districts, as well as of the closed urban-type settlement of Ozyorny of Tver Oblast of Russia. It is a tributary of the Tsna River and belongs to the drainage basin of the Neva and the Baltic Sea. It is 102 kilometres (63 mi) long, and the area of its basin 2,300 square kilometres (890 sq mi). The principal tributaries of the Shlina are the Granichnaya (right), the Shlinka (left), and the Lonnitsa (right). The Lonnitsa is technically an inflow of the Vyshny Volochyok Reservoir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vyshny Volochyok Waterway</span>

Vyshny Volochyok Waterway is a waterway connecting the basins of the Baltic and Caspian Seas, or, more specifically, the Msta River and the Tvertsa River, around the town of Vyshny Volochyok of Tver Oblast, Russia. It was constructed in the 1700s and became the first waterway to connect the basins of the two seas. The waterway is still in operation, though it was superseded by the Volga–Baltic Waterway and cannot take big ships. The Vyshny Volochyok Waterway is one of the three canal systems connecting the Neva and the Volga, the other two being the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Tikhvinskaya water system.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Мста. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  2. Водные пути сообщения России. geography.kz (in Russian). 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2012.