This article needs additional citations for verification .(November 2018) |
Sun Yat-sen (Cantonese) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 孫中山 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 孙中山 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 孫逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 孙逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vietnamese | Tôn Trung Sơn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kanji | 中山樵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khmer name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Khmer | ស៊ុនយ៉ាតសេន |
Lesser known names | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 1. Genealogy name:德明 2. Big name:文 3. Small name:帝象 4. Courtesy:載之 5. Baptised:日新 6. Pseudonym:逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 1. Genealogy name:德明 2. Big name:文 3. Small name:帝象 4. Courtesy:载之 5. Baptised:日新 6. Pseudonym:逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Honorary title | |||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 國父 | ||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 国父 | ||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Father of the Nation | ||||||||||||||||
|
Like many Chinese,Sun Yat-sen used different names at different points in his life and he is known in Chinese under several of them. Names are not taken lightly in Chinese culture. This reverence goes as far back as Confucius and his insistence on "rectification of names".
In addition to the names and aliases listed below,Sun Yat-sen also used other aliases while he was a revolutionary in exile.
The "real" name of Sun Yat-sen,the name inscribed in the genealogical records of his family,is Sun Te-ming (traditional Chinese :孫德明; simplified Chinese :孙德明; pinyin :Sūn Démíng; Wade–Giles :Sun Te-ming). [1] This "genealogical name" (譜名;谱名;pǔmíng) is what extended relatives of the Sun family would have known him by. [1] This is a name that was used in formal occasions. The first Chinese character of the given name,(德;dé),is the generation character which he shared with his brother and his relatives on the same generation line. Traditionally,this name was not used outside the family,and is not widely recognized in mainland China or Taiwan (although other historical figures such as Mao Zedong are known by their "register name"),and even many Chinese people wrongly assume that Tak-ming was his courtesy name (字;zì).[ citation needed ]
Traditionally,Chinese families would wait a certain number of years before officially naming their offspring. In the meantime,they used so-called "milk names" (乳名;rǔmíng) which were given to the infant shortly after his birth,and which were known only by the close family. [2]
Thus,his child name was Sun Ti-hsiang (孫帝象;Sūn Dìxiàng). [3] So this name Sun Ti-hsiang is also referred to as his small name (小名). [4] This name,however,was not the name that he received when he was born.
Sun's parents dedicated his name to the deity Xuan Wu Shangdi,so the first character of his milk name (and of his brother too) was di,in reference to the god. [2]
Sun's original name (原名) in China after babyhood was Sun Wen (孫文;Sūn Wén),given by his primary school teacher. [3] Colloquially,these names are known as the big name (大名), [5] whereas the "milk name",and sometimes the school name,is known as the "small name" (小名;xiǎo míng).
His name Sun Wen is very well known among Chinese.[ citation needed ] After attaining public office,Sun consistently used this name,Sun Wen,to sign official documents.
In 1883,17-year-old Sun Yat-sen was baptized as a Christian when he started his studies in Hong Kong. On that occasion,he chose himself the baptized name (敎名;jiàomíng) of "Yat-sun" (Chinese :日新; pinyin :Sūn Rìxīn; Cantonese Yale :Yahtsān;IPA:[jɐt˨sɐn˥]),meaning "renew oneself daily". [6]
This is the name he used while he was a student in Hong Kong around 1883. [7] Au Fung-Chi gave Sun the name Yet-sen (逸仙;IPA:[jɐt˨si:n˥],pinyin :Yìxiān; Cantonese Yale :Yahtsīn). As this was the name that he used in his frequent contacts with Westerners at the time,he became known under this name in the West. When he signed his name in English,he used Sun Yat-sen,as his native language was Cantonese. [1]
A street in Macau has the name Avenida Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Chinese :孫逸仙大馬路; Jyutping :syun1 jat6 sin1 daai6 maa5 lou6; pinyin :Sūn Yìxiān Dàmǎlù). [8] Many Chinese cities have a road named 逸仙路Yìxiān Lù in memory of him.[ citation needed ]
Later,Sun Yat-sen chose a courtesy name (字),which was Tsai-chih (載之) meaning "conveying it",based on the Chinese philosophical saying "literature as a vehicle to convey the Tao " (文以載道;wén yǐzài dào). [9] Courtesy names in China often tried to bear a connection with the personal name of the person. His courtesy name,however,was apparently seldom used,and is rarely known in the Chinese world. He has been referred to with the surname Sun as Sun Tsai-chih (孫載之). [10]
In September 1895 young Japanese philosopher Tōten Miyazaki was passionate about the revolutions in China. [3] As a friend he wanted to help Sun while he was in Japan. When they arrived at the "Crane Hotel" in Miyazaki Prefecture,for Sun's safety,he used an alias name to register in the hotel. [3]
Previously on their travel they passed by a board that used the common Japanese family name Nakayama (中山,"middle mountain"). So he signed into the hotel book and was referred to under that name. [3] [11] He then added the Japanese personal name Shō (樵,"woodsman"). [3]
After the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912,and he was no longer pursued by the Qing authorities, [3] local people could refer to him as Sūn Wén (孫文) again. [3] But the name Chung-shan (中山),the Chinese pronunciation of his Japanese pseudonym,"Nakayama," was more commonly used later in his life (and to present day). [7] Today,the overwhelming majority of Chinese references to Sun use Sun Chung-shan (traditional Chinese :孫中山; simplified Chinese :孙中山; pinyin :Sūn Zhōngshān; Cantonese Yale :Syūn Jūngsāan). [7]
Many cities in both mainland China and Taiwan feature streets and many other public facilities so named,for example Zhongshan Roads,Zhongshan Parks,and Zhongshan warship. His hometown Heungshan (香山;Xiāngshān) County was renamed to Zhongshan as an honour. [12]
In 1940,well after the death of Sun Yat-sen,the Kuomintang government officially conferred on the late Sun the title Guófù(國父),meaning "Father of the Nation". [1] This title is still frequently used in the Republic of China in Taiwan.
In the People's Republic of China on mainland China,the title "Forerunner of the Revolution" (革命先行者;Gémìng Xiānxíngzhě) is sometimes used instead, [13] referring to Sun's importance as the main revolutionary forerunner to Mao Zedong.
However,people in Hong Kong still refer to Sun Yat-sen as Father of the Nation,even after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China in 1997. [13]
The honorific suffix Xīanshēng (先生) has also been applied to his name,sometimes even written with preceding Nuotai,as "孫中山先生" (pinyin :Sūn Zhōngshān xiānshēng). [1] In English and many other languages,the equivalent of "Dr. Sun" is often seen.
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary, statesman, and political philosopher who served as the provisional first president of the Republic of China and the first leader of the Kuomintang (KMT). Uniquely among 20th-century Chinese leaders, Sun is revered by both the Republic of China on Taiwan and by the People's Republic of China for his instrumental role in the 1911 Revolution that successfully overthrew the Qing dynasty.
Zhongshan alternately romanized via Cantonese as Chungshan is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki.
Cuiheng is a village of the town of Nanlang, Zhongshan, Guangdong province. Cuiheng is best known as the birthplace of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the "Father of the Nation" of the Republic of China. Cuiheng is 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi) southeast of downtown Zhongshan, and 26 km (16 mi) north of Macau. The whole village is designated a special economic district, as Cuiheng New Area.
Xiangshan County, also spelled Hsiangshan, Siangshan, Heungsan, and Heungshan, was a former county in Southern China. From 1912, it was a county in Guangdong Province, in the Republic of China. It was renamed Zhongshan in April 1925, in honor of the founder of the Republic of China, Sun Yat Sen, a Xiangshan native.
Sun Yat-sen University is a public research university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND, and Guangdong Provincial Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.
Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is situated at the foot of the second peak of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Construction of the tomb started in January 1926, and was finished in spring of 1929. The architect was Lü Yanzhi, who died shortly after it was finished. His representative and project partner was his close friend Huang Tanpu.
Zhongshan (中山市) is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
Zhongshan Park is a common name for Chinese parks, in honour of Sun Yat-sen, better-known in Chinese as Sun Zhongshan, who is considered by many to be the "Father of modern China". Currently there are more than 40 Zhongshan Parks in China, and some in overseas areas.
Zhongshan Park, formerly called Jessfield Park and Zhaofeng Park, is a park in Changning District, Shanghai, China. The park has a large collection of trees and flowers. People fly kites and play sport games on the large meadow areas.
Sun Yat-sen House is located in the South Garden of Gulou Campus of Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It's said that Sun Yat-sen, the first president of the Republic of China, lived there in 1910s.
中山 is an East Asian name composed of two characters which collectively mean "central mountain". 中山 may refer to:
Chebei Station is a station of Guangzhou Metro Line 4. It is located at the underground of the junction of Chebei Road and Zhongshan Avenue in Tianhe District. It started operation on 25 September 2010.
The Sun Yat Sen High School of Iloilo, Inc. is a private, Chinese preparatory school at Mapa St., Iloilo City administered by its board of trustees. Its programs are in Chinese and English. Filipino subjects and subjects required by the Department of Education of the Philippines are categorized under the English subjects.
Kaoru Otsuki was a Japanese woman known for being the second wife of Sun Yat-sen, the founder and first president of the Republic of China.
This is a family tree of Sun Yat-sen, the first provisional president of the Republic of China. The following chart uses Mandarin pinyin romanization. Some members may have been referred to in the Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien at one time or another. Pre-marriage surnames are used.
Luo Xianxiang (1890–1968) was a World War II Chinese general who served in the army of Chen Jiongming. He was a soldier, and at times, a regional government official. He established anti-corruption policies and conducted administrative and education reforms.
The Former Residence of Sun Yat-sen, located at 7 Xiangshan Road in the French Concession area of Shanghai, China, near Fuxing Park to the east, was the residence of the Chinese revolutionary Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925).
The Nanking Provisional Government cabinet, also known as the Sun Yat-sen cabinet, was a temporary cabinet of the republican era of China. The first cabinet assembled following the formation of the Provisional Government on 1 January 1912, it was formed on 3 January 1912 and dissolved on 1 April the same year. It was the first and only cabinet led by Sun Yat-sen, the first provisional President of the Republic of China.
Zhongshan Taiping Church, full name Zhongshan City Christian Taiping Church, abbreviation Taiping Church, is located in Zhongshan, the hometown of Christian Sun Yat-sen in China. Taiping Church was built in 1928, a replica of a Gothic building with an area of about 500 square meters, and is now the main Protestant church in the city.
The Yiwei Guangzhou Uprising, also known as the First Guangzhou Uprising or the Yiwei Guangzhou Campaign, took place on the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar during the 21st year of the Guangxu era (1895). It was led by leaders of the Xingzhonghui, including Yang Quyun, Sun Yat-sen, Lu Haodong, and Zheng Shiliang. The Xingzhonghui planned to seize Guangzhou in one swift strike, raise the flag designed by Lu Haodong—featuring the Blue Sky and White Sun—over the governor's office of the two Guangdong provinces, and then march northward, passing through Hunan and Hubei, to attack Beijing. However, the plans were leaked, and Lu Haodong was captured and executed by the Qing government, becoming the first martyr of the Republican Revolution. Sun Yat-sen narrowly escaped, was wanted by the Qing authorities, and fled to Japan, then to Hawaii, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)