Neofavolus alveolaris

Last updated
Neofavolus alveolaris
Polyporus alveolaris.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Polyporaceae
Genus: Neofavolus
Species:
N. alveolaris
Binomial name
Neofavolus alveolaris
(DC.) Sotome & T. Hatt. (2012)
Synonyms [1]
List
  • Merulius alveolarisDC. (1815)
  • Boletus mori(Pollini) Pollini (1816)
  • Hexagonia moriPollini (1816)
  • Cantharellus alveolaris(DC.) Fr. (1821)
  • Daedalea broussonetiaeCappelli (1821)
  • Polyporus mori(Pollini) Fr. (1821)
  • Favolus extratropicusFr. (1825)
  • Favolus mori(Pollini) Fr. (1825)
  • Favolus canadensis Klotzsch (1832)
  • Favolus europaeusFr. (1838)
  • Favolus ohioensis Mont. (1856)
  • Polyporus favoloides Doass. & Pat. (1880)
  • Favolus alveolaris(DC.) Quél. (1883)
  • Favolus striatulus Ellis & Everh. (1897)
  • Hexagonia alveolaris(DC.) Murrill (1904)
  • Hexagonia microporaMurrill (1904)
  • Favolus microporus(Murrill) Sacc. & D.Sacc. (1905)
  • Hexagonia striatula(Ellis & Everh.) Murrill (1907)
  • Favolus kauffmanii Lloyd (1916)
  • Favolus whetstoneiLloyd (1916)
  • Favolus peponinusLloyd (1917)
  • Polyporellus alveolaris(DC.) Pilát (1936)
  • Polyporus alveolaris Bondartsev & Singer [2]
  • Polyporus tenuipariesLaferr. & Gilb. (1990)
Neofavolus alveolaris
Information icon.svg
Pores icon.pngPores on hymenium
Offset cap icon.svg Cap is offset
Decurrent gills icon2.svg Hymenium is decurrent
Bare stipe icon.svg Stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
 Spore print is white
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Edible.pngMycomorphbox Inedible.pngEdibility is edible or inedible

Neofavolus alveolaris, commonly known as the hexagonal-pored polypore, [3] is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It causes a white rot of dead hardwoods. Found on sticks and decaying logs, its distinguishing features are its yellowish to orange scaly cap, and the hexagonal or diamond-shaped pores. It is found in Eurasia and Australia; once thought to be widely distributed in North America, these specimens may belong to Neofavolus americanus .

Contents

Taxonomy

The first scientific description of the fungus was published in 1815 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, under the name Merulius alveolaris. [4] In 1821, it was sanctioned by Elias Magnus Fries as Cantharellus alveolaris. It was transferred to the genus Polyporus in a 1941 publication by Appollinaris Semenovich Bondartsev and Rolf Singer. [2] It was transferred to its current genus in 2012.

The genus name is derived from the Greek meaning "many pores", while the specific epithet alveolaris means "with small pits or hollows". [5]

Description

The kidney-shaped caps are cream with reddish scales, measuring 1.5–6 cm (1⁄2–2+1⁄2 in) across and 5–10 millimetres (1⁄4–1⁄2 in) thick near the base; the light flesh hardens with age. [6] The whit [[]] ish stipe widens into the cap, measuring 0.5–1 cm long and 3–7 mm thick. [6] The pores are whitish, maturing to yellow, and cover the stipe (decurrent); they are 0.5–3 mm across and rectangular to hexagonal, being rounder near the margin. [6] The spore print is white. [6]

Microscopic features

The spores are narrowly elliptical and smooth, hyaline, with dimensions of 11–14.5 × 4–5  μm. The basidia are club-shaped and four-spored, with dimensions of 28–42 × 7–9 μm. [7]

Similar species

North American specimens may be Neofavolus americanus , with DNA sequencing possibly the only method of distinction. [6]

Polyporus craterellus bears a resemblance to P. alveolaris, but the former species has a more prominent stalk and does not have the reddish-orange colors observed in the latter. [8] Polyporus mcmurphyi and related species have larger caps and a more defined stem. [6] Favolus brasiliensis lacks orange tones and Cerioporus squamosus is larger. [6]

Image of Polyporus Alveolaris growing on a twig Random fungi image.jpg
Image of Polyporus Alveolaris growing on a twig

Habitat and distribution

Neofavolus alveolaris is found growing singly or grouped together on branches and twigs of hardwoods, commonly on shagbark hickory in the spring and early summer. [9] It has been reported growing on the dead hardwoods of genera Acer , Castanea , Cornus , Corylus , Crataegus , Erica , Fagus , Fraxinus , Juglans , Magnolia , Morus , Populus , Pyrus , Robinia , Quercus , Syringa, Tilia , and Ulmus . [10]

This species has been collected in Europe (Czechoslovakia, [11] Italy, [12] and Portugal), [13] China, [14] and Australia. [15] It was once thought to be widely distributed in eastern North America, but these specimens may belong to N. americanus. [5] [9] [6]

Uses

This mushroom is edible when young. [16] It has been described as "edible but tough", [17] with toughness increasing with age, and not having "all that distinctive of a flavor". [18] Another reference lists the species as inedible. [19]

A polypeptide with antifungal properties has been isolated from the fresh fruit bodies of this species. Named alveolarin, it inhibits the growth of the species Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum , Mycosphaerella arachidicola , and Physalospora piricola . [20]

References

  1. ↑ "Polyporus alveolaris (DC.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941". Mycoank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  2. 1 2 Bondartsev A, Singer R (1941). "Zur Systematik der Polyporaceae". Annales Mycologici (in German). 39: 43–65.
  3. ↑ Embis G. "Polyporus alveolaris". Fungi on Wood. Messiah College. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  4. ↑ De Candolle AP. (1815). Flore française. Vol 6, 3rd. ed (in French). p. 43.
  5. 1 2 Kuo M. "Polyporus alveolaris". MushroomExpert.Com. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 279. ISBN   978-0-593-31998-7.
  7. ↑ "Polyporus alveolaris (DC.) Bondartsev & Singer 1941 - Encyclopedia of Life" . Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  8. ↑ Roody WC. (2003). Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 362. ISBN   0-8131-9039-8.
  9. 1 2 Healy RA; Huffman DR.; Tiffany LH; Knaphaus G. (2008). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Midcontinental United States. Bur Oak Guide. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 207. ISBN   978-1-58729-627-7.
  10. ↑ Ryvarden L. (1993). European Polypores (Part 2 European Polypores). Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. p. 559. ISBN   82-90724-12-8.
  11. ↑ Kotlaba F, Pouzar Z (1957). "New or little known Polyporaceae in Czechoslovakia II". Česká Mykologie (in Czech). 11 (4): 214–24.
  12. ↑ Govi G. (1970). "Italian Polyporacea. Part VIII". Monti e Boschi (in Italian). 21 (4): 45–54.
  13. ↑ Melo I. (1978). "Buglossoporus pulvinus new record and Polyporus mori new record 2 species of Polyporaceae which are new for Portugal". Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana (in Portuguese). 52: 277–84.
  14. ↑ Zhuang W. (2001). Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Cornell University: Mycotaxon Ltd. p. 274. ISBN   978-0-930845-13-1.
  15. ↑ May TW, Milne J, Shingles S, Jones RH (2008). Fungi of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. p. 196. ISBN   978-0-643-06907-7.
  16. ↑ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuides. p. 418. ISBN   978-0-7627-3109-1.
  17. ↑ Emberger, Gary. "Neofavolus alveolaris". Messiah College Oakes Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  18. ↑ "Video: On Hexagonal-Pored Polypores". The Richest Fare. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  19. ↑ Bessette, Alan E. (1997-09-01). Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. ISBN   978-0-8156-0388-7.
  20. ↑ Wang H, Ng TB, Liu Q (2004). "Alveolarin, a novel antifungal polypeptide from the wild mushroom Polyporus alveolaris". Peptides. 25 (4): 693–96. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.01.026. PMID   15165727. S2CID   36727221.
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