Nigroporus vinosus

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Nigroporus vinosus
Nigroporus vinosus 264439.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Steccherinaceae
Genus:
Nigroporus
Species:
N. vinosus
Binomial name
Nigroporus vinosus
(Berk.) Murrill (1905)
Synonyms [1]
  • Polyporus vinosusBerk. (1852)
  • Polystictus vinosus(Berk.) Sacc. (1888)
  • Microporus vinosus(Berk.) Kuntze (1898)
  • Coriolus vinosus(Berk.) Pat. (1900)
  • Fomitopsis vinosa(Berk.) Imazeki (1952)

Nigroporus vinosus is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, and the type species of the genus Nigroporus . Its fruit bodies have brownish caps with tinges of purple or red. The cap underside has a pore surface the same colour as the cap, and minute pores. Nigroporus vinosus has a pantropical distribution. It has been recorded from Africa, North America, Central America, South America, Asia, and Oceania. It is a wood-decay fungus that causes a white rot.

Contents

Taxonomy

The fungus was first described scientifically by Miles Joseph Berkeley as Polyporus vinosus in 1852. The type was collected in Saint-Domingue by Augustus Sallé. Berkeley called the fungus "a very remarkable species, to which I can point out nothing closely allied." [2] William Alphonso Murrill made it the type species of his newly created genus Nigroporus in 1905. He noted that the fungus was "easily recognized by its wine-coloured context." [3]

In the interim between Berkeley and Murrill's nomenclatural changes, the species was shuffled between several genera: Polystictus (Saccardo, 1888); [4] Microporus (Kuntze, 1898); [5] and Coriolus (Patouillard, 1900). [6] In 1952, Rokuya Imazeki proposed a transfer to Fomitopsis . [7]

Description

The fruit bodies of Nigroporus vinosus are annual to perennial. Their caps are leathery to smooth, and sometimes has concentric zones. The colour is reddish-brown to purplish-brown to dark violet. Pores on the cap underside any minute, numbering seven or eight per millimetre; the tubes are up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long. The pore surface has the same colours as the cap. The tough context, coloured dark brown to reddish brown, is pliable when fresh but become brittle when dry. The spore print is white. [8] The odour and taste of the context are indistinct. [9]

The hyphal system of Nigroporus vinosus is variable. According to E.J.H. Corner, "Some collections appear to be almost trimitic; others are dimitic and, yet, others are almost monomitic with elongate intercalary skeletal cells." [10] There are no cystidia in the hymenium. The spores are small, measuring 3–4.5 by 1–1.5  μm. They are smooth and thin-walled, hyaline (translucent), with an allantoid (long with rounded ends) to broadly ellipsoid shape. They are unreactive with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are thin walled and club shaped, measuring 6–10 by 3–4 μm. [8] [11]

Similar species

Nigrofomes melanoporus is somewhat similar in appearance to Nigroporus vinosus. Known from tropical regions and from Florida, this fungus has a larger cap that is up to 20 cm (8 in) wide, a hard dark brown to purplish black cap surface, a dark brown to blackish pore surface with pores arranged in a honeycomb, and ellipsoid spores measuring 4–5 by 3–3.5 μm. [9]

Habitat and distribution

Nigroporus vinosus is a white rot fungus that typically grows on the decaying wood of hardwood trees, although it has also been recorded growing on pine. [8] Fruit bodies occur singly, in groups, or in overlapping clusters. [9]

The fungus has been recorded from Central America, [12] South America, [13] Cuba, [3] Papua New Guinea, China, [14] India, [15] the Philippines, [16] Peninsular Malaysia, [17] and Micronesia. [18] In Africa, it is widespread but not common. [11] It is the only species of Nigroporus found in North America. [19]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polyporaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

<i>Cerrena unicolor</i> Species of fungus

Cerrena unicolor, commonly known as the mossy maze polypore, is a species of poroid fungus in the genus Cerrena. This saprobic fungus causes white rot.

<i>Daedaleopsis confragosa</i> Species of fungus

Daedaleopsis confragosa, commonly known as the thin walled maze polypore or the blushing bracket, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. A plant pathogen, it causes a white rot of injured hardwoods, especially willows. The fruit bodies are semicircular and tough, have a concentrically zoned brownish upper surface, and measure up to 20 cm (8 in) in diameter. The whitish underside turns gray-brown as the fruit body ages, but bruises pink or red. It is found all year and is common in northern temperate woodlands of eastern North America, Europe, and Asia. The species was first described from Europe in 1791 as a form of Boletus, and has undergone several changes of genus in its taxonomic history. It acquired its current name when Joseph Schröter transferred it to Daedaleopsis in 1888.

<i>Meripilus giganteus</i> Species of fungus

Meripilus giganteus is a polypore fungus in the family Meripilaceae. It causes a white rot in various types of broadleaved trees, particularly beech (Fagus), but also Abies, Picea, Pinus, Quercus and Ulmus species. This bracket fungus, commonly known as the giant polypore or black-staining polypore, is often found in large clumps at the base of trees, although fruiting bodies are sometimes found some distance away from the trunk, parasitizing the roots. M. giganteus has a circumboreal distribution in the northern Hemisphere, and is widely distributed in Europe. In the field, it is recognizable by the large, multi-capped fruiting body, as well as its pore surface that quickly darkens black when bruised or injured.

<i>Neofavolus alveolaris</i> Species of fungus

Neofavolus alveolaris, commonly known as the hexagonal-pored polypore, is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It causes a white rot of dead hardwoods. Found on sticks and decaying logs, its distinguishing features are its yellowish to orange scaly cap, and the hexagonal or diamond-shaped pores. It is widely distributed in North America, and also found in Asia, Australia, and Europe.

<i>Amauroderma</i> Genus of fungi

Amauroderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks.

<i>Favolus</i> Genus of fungi

Favolus, or honeycomb fungus, is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The fruit bodies of Favolus species are fleshy with radially arranged pores on the underside of the cap that are angular and deeply pitted, somewhat resembling a honeycomb.

<i>Globifomes</i> Genus of fungi

Globifomes is a fungal genus in the family Polyporaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single North American species Globifomes graveolens, commonly known as sweet knot. This fungus is found fruiting singly or in groups on trunks or logs of hardwood trees, primarily oaks. The fruit body consists of a mass of small overlapping hoof-shaped caps arising from a common core. It is initially dull yellow-brown with tan petal-shaped margins, aging to dark brown.

<i>Nigroporus</i> Genus of fungi

Nigroporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. Nigroporus has a pantropical distribution. The genus name combines the Latin word niger ("black") with the Ancient Greek word πόρος ("pore").

<i>Skeletocutis</i> Genus of fungi

Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.

<i>Tyromyces</i> Genus of fungi

Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus, commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."

<i>Lentinus brumalis</i> Species of fungi

Lentinus brumalis is an inedible species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Its common name is the winter polypore. The epithet brumalis means "occurring in the winter", describing how this species tends to fruit during winter. It causes white rot on dead hardwood, and is distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere in temperate and boreal zones.

<i>Boletellus ananas</i> Species of fungus

Boletellus ananas, commonly known as the pineapple bolete, is a mushroom in the family Boletaceae, and the type species of the genus Boletellus. It is distributed in southeastern North America, northeastern South America, Asia, and New Zealand, where it grows scattered or in groups on the ground, often at the base of oak and pine trees. The fruit body is characterized by the reddish-pink scales on the cap that are often found hanging from the edge. The pore surface on the underside of the cap is made of irregular or angular pores up to 2 mm wide that bruise a blue color. It is yellow when young but ages to a deep olive-brown color. Microscopically, B. ananas is distinguished by large spores with cross striae on the ridges and spirally encrusted hyphae in the marginal appendiculae and flesh of the stem. Previously known as Boletus ananas and Boletus coccinea, the species was given its current name by William Alphonso Murrill in 1909. Two varieties of Boletellus ananas have been described. Like many other boletes, this species is considered edible, but it is not recommended for consumption.

<i>Picipes badius</i> Species of fungus

Picipes badius, commonly known as the black-footed polypore or black-leg, is a species of fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It causes a white rot of hardwoods and conifers. The species is found in temperate areas of Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. It has a dark brown or reddish-brown cap that reaches a diameter of 25 cm (9.8 in), and a stipe that is often completely black or brown at the top and black at the base.

<i>Hapalopilus rutilans</i> Species of fungus

Hapalopilus rutilans is a species of polypore fungus in the family Polyporaceae. Officially described in 1821, it was transferred to its current genus Hapalopilus six decades later. It is commonly known as the tender nesting polypore, purple dye polypore, or the cinnamon bracket. This widely distributed species is found on five continents. It grows on the fallen or standing dead wood of deciduous trees, in which it fruits singly, in groups, fused, or in overlapping clusters. Fruit bodies are in the form of kidney-shaped to semicircular, cinnamon-orange-brown brackets. The underside of the fruit body features a yellowish to brownish pore surface with tiny angular pores, from which spores are released.

<i>Pycnoporellus alboluteus</i> Species of fungus

Pycnoporellus alboluteus, commonly known as the orange sponge polypore, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Distributed throughout the boreal conifer zone, the fungus is found in mountainous regions of western North America, and in Europe. It causes a brown cubical rot of conifer wood, especially spruce, but also fir and poplar. The soft, spongy orange fruit bodies grow spread out on the surface of fallen logs. Mature specimens have tooth-like or jagged pore edges. A snowbank mushroom, P. alboluteus can often be found growing on logs or stumps protruding through melting snow. Although the edibility of the fungus and its usage for human culinary purposes are unknown, several species of beetles use the fungus as a food source.

<i>Ganoderma sessile</i> Species of fungus

Ganoderma sessile is a species of polypore fungus in the Ganodermataceae family. There is taxonomic uncertainty with this fungus since its circumscription in 1902.

<i>Bondarzewia berkeleyi</i> Species of fungus

Bondarzewia berkeleyi, commonly known as Berkeley's polypore, or stump blossoms, is a species of polypore fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is a parasitic species that causes butt rot in oaks and other hardwood trees. A widespread fungus, it is found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.

<i>Loweomyces fractipes</i> Species of fungus

Loweomyces fractipes is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, and the type species of the genus Loweomyces. It is a widely distributed species, found in North America, Europe, Central America, South America, and Korea.

<i>Tyromyces pulcherrimus</i> Species of fungus

Tyromyces pulcherrimus, commonly known as the strawberry bracket, is a species of poroid fungus in the family Polyporaceae. It is readily recognisable by its reddish fruit bodies with pores on the cap underside. The fungus is found natively in Australia and New Zealand, where it causes a white rot in living and dead logs of southern beech and eucalyptus. In southern Brazil, it is an introduced species that is associated with imported eucalypts.

References

  1. ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy: Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murrill". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
  2. ↑ Berkeley, M.J. (1852). "Enumeration of some fungi from St. Domingo". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 9: 192–200.
  3. 1 2 Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (7): 353–371. doi:10.2307/2478499. JSTOR   2478499.
  4. ↑ Saccardo, P.A. (1888). Sylloge Hymenomycetum, Vol. II. Polyporeae, Hydneae, Thelephoreae, Clavarieae, Tremellineae. Sylloge Fungorum (in Latin). Vol. 6. p. 273.
  5. ↑ Kuntze, O. (1898). "Revisio generum plantarum" (in Latin). 3. A. Felix [etc.]: 497.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ↑ Patouillard, N. (1900). Essai taxonomique sur les familles et les genres des Hyménomycètes (in French). Lons-Le-Saunier: Lucien Declume. p. 94.
  7. ↑ Imazeki, R. (1952). "A contribution to the fungous flora of Dutch New Guinea". Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Meguro. 57: 87–128 (see p. 111).
  8. 1 2 3 Bessette, A.; Miller, O.K. Jr; Bessette, A.R.; Miller, H.R. (1995). Mushrooms of North America in Color: A Field Guide Companion to Seldom-Illustrated Fungi. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 120–121. ISBN   978-0-8156-2666-4.
  9. 1 2 3 Bessette, A.E.; Roody, W.C.; Bessette, A.R. (2007). Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 265. ISBN   978-0815631125.
  10. ↑ Corner, E.J.H. (1987). Ad Polyporaceas IV. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 86. J. Cramer. p. 127. ISBN   978-3-443-51008-4.
  11. 1 2 Ryvarden, Leif; Johansen, I. (1980). A Preliminary Polypore Flora of East Africa. Synopsis Fungorum. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. pp. 446–448.
  12. ↑ Velázquez, Julieta Carranza; Ruiz-Boyer, Armando (2005). "Checklist of polypores of Costa Rica" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Micología. 20: 45–52.
  13. ↑ Robledo, Gerardo L.; Rajchenberg, Mario (2007). "South American polypores: First annotated checklist from Argentinean Yungas". Mycotaxon. 100: 5–7.
  14. ↑ Wang, Bing; Cui, Bao-Kai; Li, Hai-Jiao; Ping Du; Jia, Bi-Si (2011). "Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China. 5. Polypore diversity in Jiangxi Province". Annales Botanici Fennici. 48 (3): 237–246. doi:10.5735/085.048.0304. S2CID   84891011.
  15. ↑ Bakshi, B.K.; Sehgal, H.S.; Singh, B. (1969). "Cultural diagnosis of Indian Polyporaceae. I. Genus Polyporus". Indian Forest Records. 2 (9): 205–244.
  16. ↑ Murrill, William A. (1907). "Some Philippine Polyporaceae". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 34 (9): 465–481. doi:10.2307/2479067. JSTOR   2479067.
  17. ↑ Ujang, Salmiah; Jones, E.B.G. (2001). "Occurrence of wood inhabiting fungi in forests of Peninsular Malaysia". Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 13 (2): 237–245. JSTOR   43582295.
  18. ↑ Gilbert, Gregory S.; Gorospe, Jennifer; Ryvarden, Leif (2008). "Host and habitat preferences of polypore fungi in Micronesian tropical flooded forests". Mycological Research. 112 (6): 674–680. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.11.009. PMID   18495449. S2CID   30011589.
  19. ↑ Zhou, Li-Wei; Nakasone, Karen K.; Burdsall Jr., Harold H.; Ginns, James; Vlasák, Josef; Miettinen, Otto; Spirin, Viacheslav; Niemelä, Tuomo; Yuan, Hai-Sheng; He, Shuang-Hui; Cui, Bao-Kai; Xing, Jia-Hui; Dai, Yu-Cheng (2016). "Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist". Mycological Progress. 15 (7): 771–790. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7. S2CID   24481681.
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