Oropouche virus

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Orthobunyavirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Order:
Bunyavirales
Family:
Peribunyaviridae
Genus:
Orthobunyavirus
Species:
Oropouche virus

The Oropouche virus (OROV) is one of the most common orthobunyaviruses. When OROV infects humans, it causes a rapid fever illness called Oropouche fever. OROV was originally reported in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955 from the blood sample of a fever patient and from a pool of Coquillettidia venezuelensis mosquitoes. In 1960, OROV was isolated from a sloth ( Bradypus tridactylus ) and a pool of Ochlerotatus ( Ochlerotatus ) serratus mosquitoes in Brazil. [1] The virus is considered a public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas of Central and South America, with over half million infected people as of 2005. [2] OROV is considered to be an arbovirus due to the method of transmission by the mosquitoes Aedes serratus and Culex quinquefasciatus among sloths, marsupials, primates, and birds. [3]

Contents

Epidemic Sites

Between 1961 and 1980, OROV was reported in the northern state of Pará, Brazil, and from 1980 to 2004, OROV had spread to the Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, Tocantis, and Maranhão. [2] The virus would cause Oropouche fever, an urban arboviral disease that has since resulted in >30 epidemics during 1960–2009. [4]

Virology

Currently, based on the small segment (SRNA) genetic information, there are 4 major genotypes (I–IV) of OROV. Genotype I was isolated from strains in Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Tocantis, Pará, Trinidad, and Tobago. Genotype II was obtained during the spread in Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, and Peru. Genotype III was isolated from samples in Acre, Minas Gerais, Panama, and Rondônia. The final genotype IV was isolated from Amazonas. [1]

Dispersion

A possible dispersal could be predicted for the four genotypes based on time-scaled analysis and epidemiologic data association. Genotype I possibly dispersed towards western Pará, Trinidad, and Tobago. After, genotype I progressed towards Amazonas, Acre, Maranhao, and Tocantins. Genotype II possibly emerged in Amapá, Pará, Rondônia, and Peru at the same time. Genotype III emerged in Rondônia, moved towards Panama, Acre, and Maranhão. From Maranhão, the genotype progressed towards Minas Gerais. Finally, genotype IV emerged from the city of Manaus and Amazonas. [4]

Experimentation and Research

OROV has been used extensively in testing with Hela cells to study the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the virus. It was found that OROV causes apoptosis by DNA fragmentation. In UV-inactivated OROV, virus-receptor binding was not enough and that viral uncoating and replication were needed to induce apoptosis. [5]

Related Research Articles

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Viral hemorrhagic fever type of illnesses

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Oropouche fever Human disease

Oropouche fever is a tropical viral infection transmitted by biting midges and mosquitoes from the blood of sloths to humans. This disease is named after the region where it was first discovered and isolated at the Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory in 1955 by the Oropouche River in Trinidad and Tobago. Oropouche fever is caused by a specific arbovirus, the Oropouche virus (OROV), of the Bunyaviridae family.

Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory

The Trinidad Regional Virus Laboratory (T.R.V.L.) was established in Port of Spain, in 1953 by the Rockefeller Foundation in co-operation with the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. It was originally housed in an old wooden army barracks near the docks in Port of Spain. A large wired-in "animal house" was built out back to house the many wild animals brought in for study.

<i>Borrelia hermsii</i> species of bacterium

Borrelia hermsii is a spirochete bacterium that has been implicated as a cause of tick-borne relapsing fever. It is spread by the soft-bodied tick Ornithodoros hermsi.

The Miss Brasil 2000 pageant took place April 7, 2000. Each state and the Federal District competed for their state and went win the title of the Brazilian Crown. The winner would enter the Miss Universe beauty pageant.

Piresia is a genus of South American plants in the grass family.

  1. Piresia goeldiiSwallen - French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador, Peru (Loreto), Brazil
  2. Piresia leptophyllaSoderstr. - Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador, Peru, Brazil(Pernambuco, Amazonas, Bahia), Trinidad & Tobago
  3. Piresia macrophyllaSoderstr. - French Guiana, Peru, Brazil
  4. Piresia palmulaM.L.S.Carvalho & R.P.Oliveira - Brazil (Bahia)
  5. Piresia sympodica(Döll) Swallen - Venezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Trinidad & Tobago
<i>Olyra</i> (plant) genus of plants

Olyra is a genus of tropical bamboos in the grass family. It is native primarily to the Western Hemisphere, with one species extending into Africa.

  1. Olyra amapanaSoderstr. & Zuloaga - Brazil(Amapá, Rondônia, Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas))
  2. Olyra bahiensisR.P.Oliveira & Longhi-Wagner - Bahia
  3. Olyra buchtieniiHack. - Peru, Bolivia
  4. Olyra caudataTrin. - Trinidad & Tobago, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
  5. Olyra ciliatifoliaRaddi - Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
  6. Olyra davidseanaJudz. & Zuloaga - Brazil
  7. Olyra ecaudataDöll - Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador
  8. Olyra fasciculataTrin. - Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina
  9. Olyra filiformisTrin. - Bahia
  10. Olyra glaberrimaRaddi - Mexico, Central America, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay
  11. Olyra holttumianaSoderstr. & Zuloaga - Panama
  12. Olyra humilisNees - Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
  13. Olyra juruanaMez - Brazil, Peru
  14. Olyra latifoliaL. - tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Americas
  15. Olyra latispiculaSoderstr. & Zuloaga - Bahia
  16. Olyra longifoliaKunth - tropical South America
  17. Olyra loretensisMez - Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Brazil
  18. Olyra maranonensisSwallen - Peru
  19. Olyra obliquifoliaSteud. - Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil
  20. Olyra retrorsaSoderstr. & Zuloaga - Mato Grosso
  21. Olyra standleyiHitchc. - Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia
  22. Olyra tamanquareanaSoderstr. & Zuloaga - Brazil (Amazonas)
  23. Olyra taquaraSwallen - Brazil
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References

  1. 1 2 Vasconcelos, Helena Baldez; Nunes, Márcio R.T.; Casseb, Lívia M.N.; Carvalho, Valéria L.; Pinto da Silva, Eliana V.; Silva, Mayra; Casseb, Samir M.M.; Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C. (2011). "Molecular Epidemiology of Oropouche Virus, Brazil". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 17 (5): 800–806. doi:10.3201/eid1705.101333. ISSN   1080-6040. PMC   3321770 . PMID   21529387.
  2. 1 2 Nunes, Marcio Roberto Teixeira; et al. (2005). "Oropouche virus isolation, southeast Brazil" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11 (10): 1610–1613. doi:10.3201/eid1110.050464. PMC   3366749 . PMID   16318707.
  3. ↑ Mourao, Maria Paula G.; et al. (2009). "Oropouche Fever Outbreak, Manaus, Brazil, 2007–2008" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 15 (12): 2063–2064. doi:10.3201/eid1512.090917. PMC   3044544 . PMID   19961705.
  4. 1 2 "Molecular Epidemiology of Oropouche Virus, Brazil" . Retrieved 2013-04-08.
  5. ↑ Acrani, Gustavo Olszanski; Gomes, Rogério; Proença-Módena, José Luiz; da Silva, Andrei Furlan; Oliveira Carminati, Patricia; Silva, Maria Lucia; Santos, Rodrigo Ivo Marques; Arruda, Eurico (2010). "Apoptosis induced by Oropouche virus infection in HeLa cells is dependent on virus protein expression". Virus Research. 149 (1): 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2009.12.013. ISSN   0168-1702. PMID   20080135.
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