The inguinal canals are the two passages in the anterior abdominal wall of humans and other animals which in males convey the spermatic cords and in females the round ligament of the uterus. The inguinal canals are larger and more prominent in males. There is one inguinal canal on each side of the midline.
The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneum) is the anatomical space behind (retro) the peritoneum. It has no specific delineating anatomical structures. Organs are retroperitoneal if they have peritoneum on their anterior side only. Structures that are not suspended by mesentery in the abdominal cavity and that lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall are classified as retroperitoneal.
The laryngeal inlet is the opening that connects the pharynx and the larynx.
The extensor digitorum muscle is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve.
The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the soft palate in the human body. It is supplied via the pharyngeal plexus. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx.
The tensor veli palatini muscle is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate.
The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas.
The adductor canal is an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh giving passage to parts of the femoral artery, vein, and nerve. It extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus.
The sphenoethmoidal recess is a small triangular space of the nasal cavity into which the sphenoidal sinus opens. The sphenoethmoidal recess is situated posterior and superior to the superior concha, and separates the superior nasal concha and the anterior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone.
The ascending palatine artery is an artery in the head that branches off the facial artery and runs up the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
The two pterygopalatine nerves descend to the pterygopalatine ganglion.
The horizontal plate of palatine bone is a quadrilateral part of the palatine bone, and has two surfaces and four borders.
The lacunar ligament, also named Gimbernat’s ligament, is a ligament in the inguinal region. It connects the inguinal ligament to the pectineal ligament, near the point where they both insert on the pubic tubercle.
The aortic hiatus is a midline opening in the posterior part of the diaphragm giving passage to the descending aorta as well as the thoracic duct, and variably the azygos and hemiazygos veins. It is the lowest and most posterior of the large apertures.
The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. They are considered to be part of the visceral nervous system, which is closely related to the autonomic nervous system, but 'visceral nervous system' and 'autonomic nervous system' are not direct synonyms and care should be taken when using these terms. Unlike the efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, the afferent fibers are not classified as either sympathetic or parasympathetic.
The medial compartment of thigh is one of the fascial compartments of the thigh and contains the hip adductor muscles and the gracilis muscle.
The superficial cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes that lie near the surface of the neck.
The sacral ganglia are paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.:39 As the sympathetic trunk heads inferiorly down the sacrum, it turns medially. There are generally four or five sacral ganglia. In addition to gray rami communicantes, the ganglia send off sacral splanchnic nerves to join the inferior hypogastric plexus. Near the coccyx, the right and left sympathetic trunks join to form the ganglion impar.
The superior phrenic arteries are small and arise from the lower part of the thoracic aorta. They are distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomose with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.
The posterior and anterior radicular arteries run along the posterior and anterior roots of the spinal nerves and supply them with blood.
